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ByWangLanyingForeignLanguageDepartmentTheFormationofMedialVocabularyACourseofLearningEnglishforMedicalPurposesI.Target1.Masteringm

edicallanguage:vocabularyanddiscourselevellearning2.Practicalapplicationofmedicalcommunication:speakingandwriti

ngwithMLI.Target3.NurturethesenseofstylisticresearchII.Methodology1.Acquiretheknowledgeofwordformation2.Unde

rstandthemedicallanguagetraitsthroughreading3.Observeandsummarizethestylisticfeatures4.Activeandenergeticlearningundertheteacher’sguideIII.Cours

eArrangement1.72Teachingperiods,4/week2.EightUnitsthisterm3.Requiredcourseandexam4.Termachievements:basedonassignments,quiz,classresponse,andfinale

xamdynamicallyDavi-EllenChambersays:Studyingmedicalwordsisverysimilartolearninganewlanguage.Thewordsatfirstsoundstrangeand

complicatedalthoughtheymaystandforcommonlyknownEnglishterms.Thewordsgastralgia,meaning“stomachache”,andophthalmologist

,meaning‘eyedoctor’,areexamples.Themedicallanguageisfascinatinglylogicalinthateachterm,complexorsimple,canbebrokendownintoitsbasiccom

ponentpartsandthenunderstood.Whatismedicallanguage?BasicelementsofmedicalwordsMostmedicalwordsaremadefromacombinationofthefollowingelements:the

partofthewordthatweshallcallthebase(root/stem)becauseitcontainsthemostfundamentalmeaningofthatword,prefix

esandsuffixes,andvowels(o/a)thatjoinalltheseparts.Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis(45letters)Pneumono-ultra-microscopic-silico-volcano-

coniosis粉尘病火山硅/矽超显微的肺的Itdevelopsonlyafteryearsofexposuretolowlevelsofsilicadust.[医]硅酸盐沉着病,矽肺病Symptomsincludehyperventilation,coughing,dyspho

nia(发声困难),anorexia(厌食),chestpainandincreasedsusceptibilitytotuberculosisThreemajorobjectivestokeepinmindasyoustudymedicalterminology.1.Toanaly

zewordsstructurally.Learntodividewordsintobasicelementssuchasroots,suffixes,prefixes,combiningvowels,andcombiningforms.gastr/o/en

ter/o/logyrootrootsuffixCombiningformElectr/o/cardi/o/gramrootrootrootcombiningvowelcombiningvowel心电图2.To

correlateanunderstandingofwordelementswiththebasicanatomy,physiology,anddiseaseprocessesofthehumanbody.Suchashemat/o/logymeansthestudyoftheblood.

3.Tobecontinuallyawareofspellingandpronunciationproblems.Hepatoma:tumoroftheliver肝细胞瘤Hematoma:bloodtumor血肿OncologyNephrologyNeurologyG

astroenterologyNephritisHepatitisBronchitisCarcinomaHematomahepatomaanatomy:processofcuttingupgastrectomy:removalofthestomacharthrotomy:incisionofaj

ointleukemiaanemiaerythremiaLeukocytosis白细胞增多Necrosis坏死Erythrocytosis红细胞增多TheRolesofPronunciationMed

icalTerminologySystemsOrgansTissuesCellsEndocrinesyst.Reproductivesyst.MasteryofMedicalWordsOrgansTissuesCellsDis

tributionofvocabularyinmedicalliterature70%15%15%123Essentialvoc.Popularsciencevoc.MedicaltermsThe2ndcate

gory(15%):hepatitis,appendicitis,encephalopathy,immunodeficiencysyndromeThe3rdcategory(15%):distill,dilut

e,dissolve,filtration,magnetization,dynamics,meteorology,pigmentationThe1stcategory70%:comment,investigate,studyDistributionofvocabulary

Combiningformsprefixessuffixescyt/o:cellderm/o:skinbi/o:lifeaden/o:glandarthr/o:jointnephr/o:kidneyhepat/o:liverleuk/

o:whiteoste/o:boneepi-:abovemulti-:manypoly-:manyex-:outendo-:insidetrans-:acrosshyper-:excessivehypo-:deficient-emia:bloodcondition-ectomy:excision-

gram:record-cyte:cell-scope:instrumentfrovisuallyexam-itis:inflammation-ist:personspecializedin-logy:processofstudy-oma:tum

or-osis:abnormalcondition-tomy:cuttingHowtoimproveyourwordpowerI.ConversionII.derivativeIII.Compoundingopportunist条件致病菌physiology/-is

t/-gicasymptomaticantivirusradioimmunoelectrophoresis放射免疫电泳（后缀）透入I.Conversionhost大批、许多、东道主、主持人、宿主sympatheti

cblock交感神经阻滞术sympatheticnerve交感神经cell隐士的小屋，巢室，电池，小修道院capsule小盒子，航天舱，胶囊药,被膜reservoir贮主(zhu)toprotecttracheafromcollapsingtheuncomp

romisedhostspace–occupyinglesionopportunisticinfectionTargettherapyII.DerivativeAtypicalAsymptomat

icAntivirusAntigenAntibodyIntercostalIntercellulartricuspidMuscularPhysiological/physiologicallyMicroscopic/microscopical

lyImmunoreactivityImmunoreactantImmunologictoleranceimmunomodulationPrefix:ir-il-im-mis-irregularityirresistableillegal,illiterateim

matureimmobileimmodestimmoralitymisbehaviormisleadmisfortunemisunderstandPrefixDis/dys-dishon

estdysphoniadisorderdyspneadiseasein-inexperiencedinsufficiencyinadequateinactivatednone-nonsmokernonelectrolyteno

nstresstestnonulcerdyspepsianonspecificimmunitynonsensemutationnonself非抽烟者非电解质无应激实验非溃疡性消化不良非特异性免疫无义突变非

自我的un-unconditionedreflex非条件反射undifferentiatedcellleukemia未分化细胞白血病unresolvedpneumonia未吸收肺炎unsaturatedfattyacid不饱和脂肪酸unstableangin

a不稳定型心绞痛Suffix:n.relianceresistanceexistencecoldnessconsciousnessdecisioncollisioninclusiontreatm

entencouragementAdj.generouscontinuousmiscellaneouscongenitalconspicuousscrupuloussimultaneouslyappare

ntlysubstantiallyex-exclusionexcretionexhaleex-presidentex-wifeexclude排斥排泄呼气前总统前妻排除在外V.-en.(a.+en)whitenwidenfasten(tie)l

engthenshortenworsenweakenbrightenlighten-aln.survivalrefusalarrivalproposalwithdrawalremoval(butnot:compose,compromi

se)III.CompoundingImmunostimulant免疫兴奋药Polyneuropathy多神经病Polyomavirus多瘤病毒syngenesiotransplantation同血统移植术Traumaticencephalopathy外伤性脑病Cerebro

spinal脑脊髓的Cerebrotomy脑切开术Cerebrovascular脑血管的Cardiomyopathy心肌病Cardiohepatic心肝的Cardioinhibitor心动抑制药Postnasaldrip后鼻滴注Postmenopausal绝经后Org

anrootcombiningwordsliver→hepato/a-hepatocarcinomalung→pulmono-pulmonoaortickidney→reno-/nephro-nephrotoxinheart→card

io-cardiovalvularnerve→neuro-neurocytomaspleen→splen(o)splenemia脾充血brain→cerebro-cerebrovascularhead→cephal(o)cephal

osporinP头孢菌素Peye→ophthalm/ophthalmoscope检眼镜skin→dermo-dermopathy皮肤病ear→oto-otologychest→thorac/o-thorac

olumbarnose→naso-nasoantritis鼻上颌窦炎throat→laryngolaryngitis喉炎Pharynx→Pharyngpharyngectomy咽切除arteri/o→a

rteryarteriostenosis动脉狭窄vaso→vesselvasodilation描述人体器官方位：Anterior→anteriorbandofcolon结肠前带posterior→posteriorteeth后牙superio

r→superiorvenacava上腔静脉inferior→inferiorthyroidartery甲状腺下动脉interbetweeninteratrial房间的IntrainsideintracellularEndointra-endocarditisP

olymany,muchpolyarthritisMultimany,muchmulticuspid多尖的Hyperhigh,extrahypertensionhypo-low,lesshypotensionho

mo-samehomolateral同侧的homografthetero-differentheteroantigen异种抗原dys-abnormaldysplasia发育不良dyspnea呼吸困难dysphonia发声困难counter-againstcountercur

rent逆流countertransport反向转运psycho-mentalpsychologypsychiatryelectro-electricityelectrosynthesisstaphyl/o-葡萄、悬雍垂staphylotoxin葡萄球菌毒素staphyloplasty悬雍垂成

形术thrombo-血栓thrombolymphangitis血栓性淋巴管炎thromboendocarditis血栓性心内膜炎meningo-脑膜，脑脊膜meningoencephalomyelitis脑脊膜脑脊髓炎meningoencephali

tis脑膜脑炎radio-radiationradionuclideangiocardiography放射性核素心血管造影术immuno-immunityimmunosuppressionlympho-lymphoaticlymphocy

topenia淋巴细胞减少Strepto链球菌的streptococcusstreptomycinOsteo→boneosteocystoma骨囊瘤Lumb/o→lumbarlumbodynia腰痛lumbocostal腰肋的Sy

n-combining/togethersynchromism同步现象synchronizedsleep同步睡眠Tri-threetricuspidtriphosphate三磷酸盐De-removaldehydration脱水deceleration减速Su

ffix:-itisinflammationhepatitisbronchitisnephritiscolitisgastritisappendicitisotitisendocarditispanarthr

itis多发性关节炎-tomy(removal)splenectomyappendectomypharyngectomy-graphy（照像术）cephalography测颅术cardiography心动描记

法-gramimagingcardiogram心动图-scope(glass)ophthalmoscopestethoscopemicroscopetelescopemicroscopetelescope-cyte(cell)leukocytemyocyte-coccus球菌sta

phylococci葡萄球菌meningococcipneumococcistreptococci-logy(sciencePsychologyPathologyPharmacologydermology-istscientis

tPhysiologist-cianspecialistphysicianpediatriciantechnicianclinician-oma(neoplasm)hepatoarcinomaadenoma腺瘤-emiadiseaseleuk

emialipidemia脂血症erythroblaste成红细胞血症-pathy(disease)pathophysiologymyopathy肌病-osis异常，增多leukocytosiserythroblastosis成红细胞增多-ia→(abnormalcondition)otitis

mediaotoneuralgia耳神经痛hypogammaglobulinemiacytomegalovirusmononuclearleukocytosisosteomyelitisencephalitismeningitis低丙种球蛋白血症细胞巨化病毒单核细胞增多骨髓炎脑炎脑膜炎TestYo

urselvesPoliomyelitisImmunocytochemistryImmunosuppressionLymphoproliferativesyndromesLymphoangiologyLymphangiotomylympha

ngiosarcoma脊髓灰质炎免疫细胞化学免疫抑制淋巴细胞增生性综合症淋巴管学淋巴管切开术淋巴管肉瘤