【文档说明】医学词汇构词法课件.ppt，共(48)页，325.535 KB，由小橙橙上传

转载请保留链接：https://www.ichengzhen.cn/view-255606.html

以下为本文档部分文字说明：

ByWangLanyingForeignLanguageDepartmentTheFormationofMedialVocabularyACourseofLearningEnglishforMedicalPurposesI.Target1.M

asteringmedicallanguage:vocabularyanddiscourselevellearning2.Practicalapplicationofmedicalcommunication:

speakingandwritingwithMLI.Target3.NurturethesenseofstylisticresearchII.Methodology1.Acquiretheknowledgeofwordformation2.Understand

themedicallanguagetraitsthroughreading3.Observeandsummarizethestylisticfeatures4.Activeandenergeticlearningunderthetea

cher’sguideIII.CourseArrangement1.72Teachingperiods,4/week2.EightUnitsthisterm3.Requiredcourseandexam4.Termachieve

ments:basedonassignments,quiz,classresponse,andfinalexamdynamicallyDavi-EllenChambersays:Studyingmedicalwordsisverysimilartolearninganewlanguage.T

hewordsatfirstsoundstrangeandcomplicatedalthoughtheymaystandforcommonlyknownEnglishterms.Thewordsgastralgia,meani

ng“stomachache”,andophthalmologist,meaning‘eyedoctor’,areexamples.Themedicallanguageisfascinatinglylogicalin

thateachterm,complexorsimple,canbebrokendownintoitsbasiccomponentpartsandthenunderstood.Whatismedicallanguage?Basicelementsofmedi

calwordsMostmedicalwordsaremadefromacombinationofthefollowingelements:thepartofthewordthatweshallcallthebase(root/stem)

becauseitcontainsthemostfundamentalmeaningofthatword,prefixesandsuffixes,andvowels(o/a)thatjoinallth

eseparts.Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis(45letters)Pneumono-ultra-microscopic-silico-volcano-coniosis粉尘病火山硅/矽超显微的肺的

Itdevelopsonlyafteryearsofexposuretolowlevelsofsilicadust.[医]硅酸盐沉着病,矽肺病Symptomsincludehyperventilation,coughing,d

ysphonia(发声困难),anorexia(厌食),chestpainandincreasedsusceptibilitytotuberculosisThreemajorobjectivestokeepinmindasyoustudymedicalterminology.1.

Toanalyzewordsstructurally.Learntodividewordsintobasicelementssuchasroots,suffixes,prefixes,combiningvowels

,andcombiningforms.gastr/o/enter/o/logyrootrootsuffixCombiningformElectr/o/cardi/o/gramrootrootrootco

mbiningvowelcombiningvowel心电图2.Tocorrelateanunderstandingofwordelementswiththebasicanatomy,physiology,anddiseaseprocessesof

thehumanbody.Suchashemat/o/logymeansthestudyoftheblood.3.Tobecontinuallyawareofspellingandpronunciationproblems.Hepatoma:tumoroftheliver肝细胞瘤H

ematoma:bloodtumor血肿OncologyNephrologyNeurologyGastroenterologyNephritisHepatitisBronchitisCarcinomaHematomahepatomaanatomy:processofcutti

ngupgastrectomy:removalofthestomacharthrotomy:incisionofajointleukemiaanemiaerythremiaLeukocytosis白细胞增多Necrosis坏死Erythrocytosi

s红细胞增多TheRolesofPronunciationMedicalTerminologySystemsOrgansTissuesCellsEndocrinesyst.Reproductivesyst.Mas

teryofMedicalWordsOrgansTissuesCellsDistributionofvocabularyinmedicalliterature70%15%15%123Essential

voc.Popularsciencevoc.MedicaltermsThe2ndcategory(15%):hepatitis,appendicitis,encephalopathy,immunodeficiencysyndr

omeThe3rdcategory(15%):distill,dilute,dissolve,filtration,magnetization,dynamics,meteorology,pigmentationThe1s

tcategory70%:comment,investigate,studyDistributionofvocabularyCombiningformsprefixessuffixescyt/o:cellderm/o:skinbi/o:lifead

en/o:glandarthr/o:jointnephr/o:kidneyhepat/o:liverleuk/o:whiteoste/o:boneepi-:abovemulti-:manypoly-:manyex-

:outendo-:insidetrans-:acrosshyper-:excessivehypo-:deficient-emia:bloodcondition-ectomy:excision-gram:record-cyte:cell-scope:instrumentfrovis

uallyexam-itis:inflammation-ist:personspecializedin-logy:processofstudy-oma:tumor-osis:abnormalcondition-tom

y:cuttingHowtoimproveyourwordpowerI.ConversionII.derivativeIII.Compoundingopportunist条件致病菌physiology/-ist/-gic

asymptomaticantivirusradioimmunoelectrophoresis放射免疫电泳（后缀）透入I.Conversionhost大批、许多、东道主、主持人、宿主sympatheticblock交感神

经阻滞术sympatheticnerve交感神经cell隐士的小屋，巢室，电池，小修道院capsule小盒子，航天舱，胶囊药,被膜reservoir贮主(zhu)toprotecttracheafromcollapsingtheuncompromisedhostspace–occup

yinglesionopportunisticinfectionTargettherapyII.DerivativeAtypicalAsymptomaticAntivirusAntigenAntibo

dyIntercostalIntercellulartricuspidMuscularPhysiological/physiologicallyMicroscopic/microscopicallyImmunoreactivityImmunoreactantImm

unologictoleranceimmunomodulationPrefix:ir-il-im-mis-irregularityirresistableillegal,illiterateimm

atureimmobileimmodestimmoralitymisbehaviormisleadmisfortunemisunderstandPrefixDis/dys-dishonestdysphoniadisorderdyspneadisea

sein-inexperiencedinsufficiencyinadequateinactivatednone-nonsmokernonelectrolytenonstresstestnonulcerdyspepsianonspecificimmunitynonsensemutati

onnonself非抽烟者非电解质无应激实验非溃疡性消化不良非特异性免疫无义突变非自我的un-unconditionedreflex非条件反射undifferentiatedcellleukemia未分化细胞白血病unresolv

edpneumonia未吸收肺炎unsaturatedfattyacid不饱和脂肪酸unstableangina不稳定型心绞痛Suffix:n.relianceresistanceexistencecoldnessconsciousnessde

cisioncollisioninclusiontreatmentencouragementAdj.generouscontinuousmiscellaneouscongenitalconspicuousscrupuloussimultaneously

apparentlysubstantiallyex-exclusionexcretionexhaleex-presidentex-wifeexclude排斥排泄呼气前总统前妻排除在外V.-en.(a.+en)whitenwiden

fasten(tie)lengthenshortenworsenweakenbrightenlighten-aln.survivalrefusalarrivalproposalwithdrawalremoval(butnot:compose,c

ompromise)III.CompoundingImmunostimulant免疫兴奋药Polyneuropathy多神经病Polyomavirus多瘤病毒syngenesiotransplantation同血统移植术Traumaticencephalopathy外伤性脑病Cerebr

ospinal脑脊髓的Cerebrotomy脑切开术Cerebrovascular脑血管的Cardiomyopathy心肌病Cardiohepatic心肝的Cardioinhibitor心动抑制药Postnasaldr

ip后鼻滴注Postmenopausal绝经后Organrootcombiningwordsliver→hepato/a-hepatocarcinomalung→pulmono-pulmonoaortickidney→reno-/n

ephro-nephrotoxinheart→cardio-cardiovalvularnerve→neuro-neurocytomaspleen→splen(o)splenemia脾充血brain→cerebro-cerebrovascularhead→cephal(o)ce

phalosporinP头孢菌素Peye→ophthalm/ophthalmoscope检眼镜skin→dermo-dermopathy皮肤病ear→oto-otologychest→thorac/o-thoracolumbarnose→naso-nasoantrit

is鼻上颌窦炎throat→laryngolaryngitis喉炎Pharynx→Pharyngpharyngectomy咽切除arteri/o→arteryarteriostenosis动脉狭窄vaso→vesselvasodilat

ion描述人体器官方位：Anterior→anteriorbandofcolon结肠前带posterior→posteriorteeth后牙superior→superiorvenacava上腔静脉inferior→inferiorthyroidartery甲状腺下动脉interbetwe

eninteratrial房间的IntrainsideintracellularEndointra-endocarditisPolymany,muchpolyarthritisMultimany,muchmulticuspid多尖的Hyperhigh,ext

rahypertensionhypo-low,lesshypotensionhomo-samehomolateral同侧的homografthetero-differentheteroantigen异种抗原dys-abnormaldyspl

asia发育不良dyspnea呼吸困难dysphonia发声困难counter-againstcountercurrent逆流countertransport反向转运psycho-mentalpsychology

psychiatryelectro-electricityelectrosynthesisstaphyl/o-葡萄、悬雍垂staphylotoxin葡萄球菌毒素staphyloplasty悬雍垂成形术

thrombo-血栓thrombolymphangitis血栓性淋巴管炎thromboendocarditis血栓性心内膜炎meningo-脑膜，脑脊膜meningoencephalomyelitis脑脊膜脑脊髓炎meningoencephalitis

脑膜脑炎radio-radiationradionuclideangiocardiography放射性核素心血管造影术immuno-immunityimmunosuppressionlympho-lymphoaticlymphocytope

nia淋巴细胞减少Strepto链球菌的streptococcusstreptomycinOsteo→boneosteocystoma骨囊瘤Lumb/o→lumbarlumbodynia腰痛lumbocostal腰肋的Syn-co

mbining/togethersynchromism同步现象synchronizedsleep同步睡眠Tri-threetricuspidtriphosphate三磷酸盐De-removaldehydration脱水deceleration减速Suffix:-i

tisinflammationhepatitisbronchitisnephritiscolitisgastritisappendicitisotitisendocarditispanarthritis多发性关节炎-tomy(removal)splene

ctomyappendectomypharyngectomy-graphy（照像术）cephalography测颅术cardiography心动描记法-gramimagingcardiogram心动图-scope(glass)ophthalmoscopestetho

scopemicroscopetelescopemicroscopetelescope-cyte(cell)leukocytemyocyte-coccus球菌staphylococci葡萄球菌meningococcipneumo

coccistreptococci-logy(sciencePsychologyPathologyPharmacologydermology-istscientistPhysiologist-cianspecialistphysicianpediatriciantechnicianc

linician-oma(neoplasm)hepatoarcinomaadenoma腺瘤-emiadiseaseleukemialipidemia脂血症erythroblaste成红细胞血症-pat

hy(disease)pathophysiologymyopathy肌病-osis异常，增多leukocytosiserythroblastosis成红细胞增多-ia→(abnormalcondition)otitism

ediaotoneuralgia耳神经痛hypogammaglobulinemiacytomegalovirusmononuclearleukocytosisosteomyelitisencephalitismeningitis低丙种球蛋白血症细胞巨化病毒单核细胞增多骨髓炎脑炎脑膜炎Tes

tYourselvesPoliomyelitisImmunocytochemistryImmunosuppressionLymphoproliferativesyndromesLymphoangiologyLymphangiotomylymphangio

sarcoma脊髓灰质炎免疫细胞化学免疫抑制淋巴细胞增生性综合症淋巴管学淋巴管切开术淋巴管肉瘤