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-1CommonCombiningForms,PrefixesandSuffixesChapter3-2Abdomin/o•abdomen–abdominocentesis[æb.dɔminəsen'ti:sis]–abdominoscopy[æb.dɔmi'nɔskəpi]•-sco

py=processofviewingusinganendoscope.-3Acr/o•extremities,top,extremepoint–acrophobia[.ækrə'fəubiə]•Thesuffix–phob

iameansanintense–acromegaly[.ækrə'megəli]-4Acu/o•sharp,severe,sudden–acute[ə'kju:t]–adenoma[.ædə'nəumə

]-5Aden/o•gland–adenoma[.ædə'nəumə]–adenovirus[ə.di:nəu'vairəs]-6Agor/a•marketplace–agoraphobia[.ægərə'fəubiə]•Amorbidfearofope

nspaces.-7Amni/o•amnion–amniocentesis[.æmniəusen'ti:sis]•-centesis=surgicalpuncture.–amniotic[.æmni'əutik]-8Angi/o•bloodv

essel–angioplasty[.ændʒiəu'plæsti]–angiogenesis[.ændʒiəu'dʒenisis]-9Arteri/o•artery–arteriosclerosis[ɑ:'tiəriəusk

liə'rəusis]–arteriovenous[ɑ:'tiərɪəυ'viːnəs]-10Arthr/o•joint–arthroplasty['a:zrə.plæsti]–arthrosis[ɑ:'θrəusis

]•Thesuffix–osismeansabnormalconditionorstate.-11Axill/o•armpit–axillo-thoracicflap•Thecombiningformthorac/omeans

chest.–axilla[æk'silə]-12Blephar/o–blepharospasm[ˌblefərəuˈspæzm]–blepharoptosis[.blefərəp'təusis]•Thesuffix–pto

sismeansprolapse-13Bronch/o•bronchialtubes–bronchiole[ˈbrɔŋkiəul]•Thesuffix–olemeanssmallortiny.–bronchitis[brɑ:ŋ'kaitis]-14Carcin/o•cancer–carc

inogen[kɑ:'sinədʒən]•Thesuffix–sismeansprocess,stage,orcondition,andthesuffix–genesismeansforming.-15Car

p/o•wristbones–carpus['kɑ:pəs]–carpal[ˈkɑ:pəl]-16Chem/o•drug,chemical–chemotherapy[.keməu'θerəpi]–chemical['kemikəl]•Thesuffix–icalmeanspertainin

gto.-17Chondr/o•cartilage–chondrocyte[kʌdrɔsit]•Thesuffix–cytemeanscell.–chondrolysis[kɔn'drɔlisis]•The

suffix–lysismeansbreakingdown,decomposition.-18Chron/o•time–chronological['krɔnə'lɔdʒikəl]–chronic['krɔnik]-19Cib/o•meals–cibophobia[sib

ɔˈfəʊbi:ə]–cibarium[si'bɛəriəm]-20Cis/o•tocut–incision[in'siʒən]–excision[ek'siʒən]-21Col/o•colon(largeinte

stine)–colorectal[kəulə'rektəl]–colitis[kəu'laitis]•inflammationofthecolon.-22Cost/o•rib–costal['kɔstl]–costotomy[kəsˈtɔ

:təmi]-23Cutane/o•skin–cutaneous[kju:'teiniəs]•Thesuffix–eousmeamspertainingto.–cutaneolipectomy[kju:'tein

iəuliˈpektəmi]•Thesuffix–lip/omeansfat.-24Cyst/o•urinarybladder–cystography[sis'tɔgrəfi]•Thesuffix–graphymeanstheprocessofrecording.–

cystic['sistik]-25Dactyl/o•fingers,toes–dactylogram[dæk'tiləgræm]•Thesuffix–grammeansrecording.–dactylitis[.dæktə'laitis]-26Duct/o•tolead,car

ry–abductor[æb'dʌktə]–adductor[əˈdʌktə]-27Encephal/o•brain–encephalomyelitis[en.sefələumaiə'laitis]-28

Flex/o•tobend–flexor['fleksə]–flexible['fleksəbl]•Thesuffix–iblemeanscapableof.-29Furc/o•forking,branching–furcate

['fə:keit]•Thesuffix–atechangesthewordintoverb.–furcal[ˈfə:kəl]-30Hydr/o•water,fluid–hydrophobia[.haidrə'fəubiə]–hydrotherapy[ˈhaidrəuˈθerəpi]-31Glos

s/o•Tongue–glossal['glɔsəl]•-al=pertainingto.–glossitis[glɔ'saitis]-32Glyc/o•sugar–glycosuria[.glaikəu'sjuəriə]•Thecombiningform

ur/omeansurine.–glycoprotein[.glaikəu'prəuti:n]-33Immun/o•protection–immunity[i'mju:niti]•Thesuffix–itymeansstateorcondition.–immunoglobulin[i'mj

u:nəu'glɔbjulin]-34Inguin/o•groin–inguinocutaneous[ˈɪŋɡwənəukjuˈteniəs]•Thecombiningform–cutane/omeansskin.–inguinal[ˈiŋɡwinl

]region-35Isch/o•toholdback–ischium['iskiəm]–ischemia[is'ki:miə]•Thesuffix–emiameansbloodcondition.-36Lapar/o•abdomen,abdo

minalwall–laparotomy[.læpə'rɔtəmi]•Thesuffix–tomymeanscutinto.–laparoscope['læpərə.skəup]-37Laryng/o•larynx(voicebox)–laryngopharygeal[lə'riŋgəufə'

rindʒiəl]•Thecombiningformpharyng/omeanspharynx(throat).–laryngeal[lə'rindʒiəl]–laryngectomy[ˌlærinˈdʒektəmi]•Thesuffix–ectomymeanss

urgicalremoval.-38Lymph/o•lymph–lymphocyte['limfəsait]–lymphoid['limfɔid]•Thesuffix–oidmeansresembling.-

39Mamm/o•breas–mammography[mə'mɔgrəfi]–mammogenic[mæmə'dʒenik]hormone-40Mast/o•breast–mastectomy[mæs'tektəmi]–mastodynia[ˌmæstəˈdiniə]•Thes

uffix–dyniameanspain.-41Morph/o•shape,form–morphological[.mɔ:fə'lɔdʒikəl]–morphocytology[ˈmɔ:fəsaiˈtɔlədʒi]•Cyt/o=cell,-logy=study.The

wholewordmeansstudytheshapeofcells.–morphology[mɔ:'fɔlədʒi]-42Mort/o•death–mortality[mɔ:'tæliti]•Deathrate.–postmorta

l[pəust'mɔ:təl]•Theprefixpost-meansbefore.–premortal[pri:ˈmɔ:təl]-43Muc/o•mucus–mucoid['mju:kɔid]cell•-oid=resembling.–mucocutaneous[ˈmju:k

əukju:ˈteinjəs]•Cutaneous=pertainingtoskin.-44My/o•muscle–myocardial[.maiə'kɑ:diəl]•Thecombiningformcardi/omeanstheheart.–my

oma[mai'əumə]•Abenigntumorcomposedofmuscletissue.-45Myel/o•spinalcordbonemarrow–myeloma[.maiə'ləumə]–myelocyte[.maiələusait]•Animmatu

releukocytenormallyfoundinbonemarrow.-46Nat/i•birth–postnatal[[ˈpəustˌneitil]–prenatal[pri:ˈneɪtl]-47Necr/o•death(

ofcellsorwholebody)–necrotic[ne'krɔtik]tissue•Thesuffix–ticmeanspertainingto.–necrosis[ne'krəusis]viru

s–necrocytosis[nekrəsaiˈtəusis]•-osis=abnormalcondition.-48Nect/o•tobind,tie,connect–connective[kə'nektiv]tissue-49Nephr/o•

kidney–nephron['nefrɔn]–nephrology[ni'frɔlədʒi]-50Neur/o•nerve–neuron['njuərɔn]•Acellthatisspecializedtoconductnerveimpulses.–neurological[.

njuərə'lɔdʒikəl]-51Neutr/o•neutrophil–neutron['nju:trɔn]–neutrocyte[ˈnju:trəsait]–neutrophil['nju:trəfil]-52Norm/o•rule,o

rder–normoglycemia['nɔ:məglai'si:miə]–normotensive[ˌnɔ:məuˈtensiv]•Thesuffix–tensivemeanspertainingtobloodpressure.-53Ophthalm/o•e

ye–ophthalmology[.ɔfθæl'mɔlədʒi]–ophthalmoscope[ɔf'θælmə.skəup]-54Oste/o•bone–osteoarthritis[.ɔstiəuɑ:'θr

aitis]–osteotomy[.ɔsti'ɔtəmi]-55Ot/o•ear–otopharyngeal[.ɔtəfə'riŋʤiəl]tubes–otology[əu'tɔlədʒi]-56Ox/o•oxygen–carbondi

oxide[dai'ɔksaid]•Theprefixdi-meanstwo.–hypoxemia[.haipɔk'si:miə]•Theprefixhypo-meanslessthannormal.–emia=bloodcondition.-57Path/o•disease–patholog

y[pæ'θɔlədʒi]–pathogen['pæθədʒən]-58Peritone/o•peritoneum–peritoneocentesis[.peri.təuniəusən'tiːsis]–peritoneoplasty[.peri'təuniə

u.plæsti]-59Phag/o•toeat,swallow–phagocyte['fægəsait]–phagosome['fægəsəum]•Thesuffix–somemeansbody.-60Phleb/o•vein–phlebitis[fli'

baitis]–phlebotomist[fli'bɔtəmist]-61Plas/o•formation,development–aplasia[əˈpleiziə]•Theprefixa-meanswithoutandthesuffix–iameanscondition.-62Pleur/o

•pleura–pleuroperitoneal['pluərəuperitə'ni:əl]–pleural['plurə]-63Pneumon/o•lungs–pneumonosis[nju:mə'təusis]–pneumonia[nju:'m

əunjə]-64Pulmon/o•lungs–pulmonary['pʌlmənəri]•Thesuffix–arymeanspertainingto.–pulmonology[.puːlmə'nɔləʤi]-65Pub/o•pubis–pubofe

moral['pju:bəuˈfemərəl]–pubococcygeus['pju:bəukɔkˈsidʒiəs]muscle-66Rect/o•rectum–recto['rektəu]-vagina

l[və'dʒainəl]fistula–rectal['rektəl]-67Ren/o•kidney–renal['ri:nəl]failure–renography[ri:ˈnɔɡrəfi]-68Sarc/o•fles

h–sarcoma[sɑ:'kəumə]–sarcoplasmic['sɑ:kəu.plæzəmik]protein-69Seps/o•infection–antisepsis[.ænti'sepsis]•Theprefixanti-means

against.–antiseptic[.ænti'septik]-70Somn/o•sleep–insomnia[in'sɔmniə]–somnolence['sɔmnələns]•Sleepy,drowsy.-71Son/o•sound–ultrasonography[

ʌltrəsə'nɔgrəfi]•Theprefixultra-meansbeyond.–graphy=processofrecording.-72Splen/o•spleen–splenomegaly[.spli:nəu'megəli]•Thesuffix–megalymea

nsabnormalenlargement.–splenalgic[spliˈnældʒik]•Thecombiningformalg/omeanspain.-73Staphyl/o•clusters–stap

hylococcal[stæfiləu'kɔkəl]bacteria•Thesuffix–coccalmeanspertainingtococcuswhichisasphericalbacterium.–staphylococcus[.stæfilə'kɔkəs

]-74Strept/o•twistedchains–streptococcal[.streptə'kɔkəl]–streptomycin[ˌstreptəˈmaɪsɪn]•Thesuffix–mycinmeansantibiotics

,usuallyfungalderivatives.-75The/o•toput,place–synthesis['sinθisis]•Theprefixsyn-meanstogether.-76Thel/o•nipple–epithelial[.epi'θi:liəl]cell•Thepr

efixepi-meansabove.–thelorrhagia[θi:lə'reidʒiə]•Thesuffix–rrhagiameansanabnormalorexcessiveflowordischarge.-77Thorac/o•chest–thora

columbar[θɔ:rəkəu'lʌmbə]•Thecombiningformlumb/omeansloin.–thoracentesis[θɔ:rəsen'ti:sis]-78Thromb/o•clot–t

hrombocyte['θrɔmbəsait]•Platelet,essentialforbloodclotting.–thrombolytic[θrɔmbəu'litik]drug•-lytic=brea

kdown,dissolve.-79Thyr/o•thyroid–thyrotoxicosis['θairəu.tɔksi'kəusis]–thyroglobulin[ˌθairəuˈɡlɔbjulin]-80Tonsill/o•tonsils–

tonsillotomy[.tɔnsi'lɔtəmi]–tonsillectomy[.tɔnsi'lektəmi]-81Top/o•place,position,location–ectopic[ek'tɔpik]pregnancy_–Thepref

ixec-meansoutoroutside.-82Tox/o•poison–toxic['tɔksik]–toxolysin[tɔksə'laisin]-83Trache/o•trachea,wind

pipe–tracheoesophageal['treikiəui:sɔfə'dʒi:əl]–trachea['treikiə]-84Urethr/o•urethra–urethrostenosis[juəri:θrəsti'nəusis]•Thesuffix–steno

sismeansnarrowing.-85Ven/o•vein–venous['vi:nəs]sinus–venodilation[vi:nəudai'leiʃən]