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核医学考察课理论考核70%课间实习考核30%全部用英文核医学诊治教学科研核医学NuclearMedicine核医学核医学是一门利用放射性核素发射的核射线对疾病进行诊断、治疗和研究的学科。Nuclearmedicineisasubjectofdiagnosing,treatingandr

esearchingthediseaseusingtheemissionoftheradionuclide,includingbasicnuclearmedicine,experimentalnuclearmedicineandclinicalnucl

earmedicine.基础核医学实验核医学临床核医学核医学诊断治疗研究体外方法体内方法体内方法体外方法(invitro)(invivo)(invitro)(invivo)显像检查法非显像检查法αß-ß+γAlphadeca

yBetadecayElectroncaptureGammadecayXr胰腺检查辐射照射剂量•SPECT显像第1年全身辐射吸收剂量大约为0.4-1.2mSv•CT扫描第1年全身辐射吸收剂量大约为3

.5-3.7mSv现代影像PETCTMRIU-soundECT显像检查法以脏器内、外或脏器与病变间的放射性浓度差别为基础的脏器或病变显像方法显像剂（imagingagents)用于脏器或病变显像的放射性核素或放射性标记物原理❖细胞选择性摄取(sel

ectiveuptakeofcell)特殊需要物质131I代谢产物和异物131I－OIH特殊价态物质201Tl❖化学吸附(chemicalabsorption)99Tcm-MDP❖微血管栓塞(micro-vasculare

mbolism)99Tcm-MAA特异性结合(specificcombination)McAbGSA❖通道、灌注和生物区分布(path,perfusion,biologicaldistribution

)99TcmO-99Tcm-PYP-RBC显像的方式和种类静态显像动态显像(staticimaging)（dynamicimaging)显像的方式和种类局部显像全身显像(regionalimaging)(whole-bodyimaging)显像的方式和种类平面显像断层显像(plan

arimaging)(tomography)早期显像(earlyimaging)延迟显像(delayedimaging)阳性显像(positiveimaging)阴性显像(negativeimaging)静息显像(restimaging)负荷显像(loadedimaging

)融合显像(fusionimaging)AnatomyMetabolism非显像检查法记录时间－放射性曲线(time-activitycurve)摄131I试验(testof131Iuptake)肾图(renogra

m)放射配体结合分析法放射免疫分析法（radioimmunoassay,RIA）核素(nuclide)同位素(isotope)同质异能素(isomer)放射性核素(radioactivenuclide)放射性核衰变

(nucleardecay)α、β、γ衰变NuclideAnuclideischaracterizedbyitsatomicnumberZ,andmassnumberA,andacertainenergystate.IsotopeAnisotopemaybedefinedaso

neoftwoormoreformsofthesameelementhavingthesameatomicnumber(Z),differingmassnumbers(A),andthesamechemicalproperties.Thesedifferentformsofanelement

maybestableorunstable.Forexample,1H,2H,3Harethreeisotopesofhydrogen.IsomerAnisomerisoneoftwoormorenuclidesthathavethesamemassnumberan

datomicnumberastheothersbutdifferentenergystate.核衰变规律N=N0e-λtA=A0e-λtλ(decayconstant)DecaySomenuclid

esareunstableandgainstabilitybyemittingparticlesorphotonsorboth.Theseunstablenuclidesarecalledradionuclides,andtheprocessofemittingparticlesorphotons

orbothiscalledradioactivedisintegration,ordecay.Thisnuclearinstabilityismostlyduetoanunfavorableproton-to-neutronratioortonuclearparticlearrangemen

ts.放射性活度(radioactivity)一定量的放射性核素在一个极短的时间间隔内的核衰变率放射性活度单位贝可(Becquerel,Bq)1Bq＝1次核衰变/秒1mCi=3.7×107Bq=37MBqRadioactivityradioactivityisthenumberofdisin

tegrationsperunitoftime,anddecreaseswithtime.A=dN/dT=λNWhereNisthenumberoftheradioactivenuclide,whileλisthedecayconstant.Thedecayconstant

isthefractionoftheradionuclidesthatdecayperunittime.Thebasicconventionalunitofradioactivityisthecurie(Ci

),whichis3.7×1010dps(decaypersecond).Smallerunitsaremillicurie(mCi)(10-3),microcurie(10-6).IntheSystemInternationale(SI)syst

emofmeasurementthebasicunitofradioactivityisthebecquerel(Bq),whichis1dps.Thus,1Ciequals3.7×1010Bq.半衰期(halflif

e)物理半衰期(Tp)生物半衰期(Tb)有效半衰期(Te)(Tp·Tb)/(Tp+Tb)Half-lifeTheotherimportantaspectofradioactivedecayisthehalf-life(t1/2),whichisdefinedasthet

imerequiredforone-halfoftheatomsinagroupofradioactiveatomstodecay.Obviously,then,therecordedactivityofagivenamountofiso

topewillfallbyhalfinonehalf-life.Itisalsocalledphysicalhalf-life(T1/2).Thetimerequiredforaradionuclideinbiologicalbodytoonehalfoftheoriginalactivity

byexcretioniscalledbiologicalhalf-life(Tb).Thetimerequiredforaradionuclidetoonehalfoftheoriginalactivityduetothecommoneffectofphysicaldecaya

ndbiologicalexcretioniscalledeffectivehalf-life(Te).Te=T1/2×Tb/(T1/2+Tb)放射性药物(radiopharmaceuticals)是指药物的本身含有放射性核素，用于人体疾

病的诊断与治疗的特殊药物。临床常用放射性核素99mTc131I201Tl18F放射性化合物99mTc-ECD99mTc-DTPA99mTc-MIBI99mTc-EHIDA核医学仪器•脏器功能检测仪器肾图仪甲状腺功能仪•脏器显像仪器r-照相机(r-camera)SPECT(si

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