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外语学习专题之经济类词汇economist经济学家socialisteconomy社会主义经济capitalisteconomy资本主义经济collectiveeconomy集体经济plannedeconom

y计划经济controlledeconomy管制经济ruraleconomics农村经济liberaleconomy自由经济mixedeconomy混合经济politicaleconomy政治经济学protectionism保护主义autarchy闭关自守primarys

ector初级成分privatesector私营成分,私营部门publicsector公共部门,公共成分economicchannels经济渠道economicbalance经济平衡economicfluctu

ation经济波动economicdepression经济衰退economicstability经济稳定economicpolicy经济政策economicrecovery经济复原understanding约定concentration集中hol

dingcompany控股公司trust托拉斯cartel卡特尔rateofgrowth增长economictrend经济趋势economicsituation经济形势infrastructure基本建设standardofliving生活标准,生活水平purchasingpowe

r,buyingpower购买力scarcity短缺stagnation停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment不发达underdeveloped不发达的developing发展中的nitialcapital创办资本frozencapital冻结资金frozena

ssets冻结资产fixedassets固定资产realestate不动产,房地产circulatingcapital,workingcapital流动资本availablecapital可用资产capitalgoods

资本货物reserve准备金,储备金callingupofcapital催缴资本allocationoffunds资金分配contributionoffunds资金捐献workingcapitalfund周转基金revolvingfund循环

基金,周转性基金contingencyfund意外开支,准备金reservefund准备金bufferfund缓冲基金,平准基金sinkingfund偿债基金investment投资,资产investor投资人self

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opay(in)cash付现金domesticcurrency,localcurrency]本国货币convertibility可兑换性convertiblecurrencies可自由兑换货币exchangerate汇率,兑换率foreignexc

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gefirm证券公司securities有价证券share,commonstock普通股preferencestock优先股incomegain股利收入issue发行股票parvalue股面价格,票面价格bull买手,

多头bear卖手,空头assigned过户openingprice开盘closingprice收盘hardtimes低潮businessrecession景气衰退doldrums景气停滞dull盘整ease松弛raisinglimit涨停板break暴跌bond,debenture

债券WallStreet华尔街shorttermloan短期贷款longtermloan长期贷款mediumtermloan中期贷款lender债权人creditor债权人debtor债务人,借方borro

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on偿还insurance保险mortgage抵押allotment拨款shorttermcredit短期信贷consolidateddebt合并债务fundeddebt固定债务,长期债务floatingdebt流动债务drawing提

款,提存aid援助allowance,grant,subsidy补贴,补助金,津贴cost成本,费用expenditure,outgoings开支,支出fixedcosts固定成本overheadcosts营业间接成本overheads杂项开支,间接

成本operatingcosts生产费用,营业成本operatingexpenses营业费用runningexpenses日常费用,经营费用miscellaneouscosts杂项费用overheadexpenses间接费用,管理费用upkeepco

sts,maintenancecosts维修费用,养护费用transportcosts运输费用socialcharges社会负担费用contingentexpenses,contingencies或有费用ap

portionmentofexpenses分摊费用income收入,收益earnings利润,收益grossincome,grossearnings总收入,总收益grossprofit,grossbenefit毛利,总利润,利益毛额netincome纯收益,净收入,收益净额averageincom

e平均收入nationalincome国民收入profitability,profitearningcapacity利润率,赢利率yield产量收益,收益率increaseinvalue,appreciati

on增值,升值duty税taxationsystem税制taxation征税,纳税fiscalcharges财务税收progressivetaxation累进税制graduatedtax累进税valuea

ddedtax增值税incometax所得税landtax地租,地价税excisetax特许权税basisofassessment估税标准taxableincome须纳税的收入fiscality检查tax-free免税的taxexemption免税taxpayer纳税

人taxcollector收税员人均国民生产总值percapitaGNP产值outputvalue鼓励giveincentiveto投入input宏观控制exercisemacro-control优化经济结构optim

izetheeconomicstructure输入活力bringvigorinto改善经济环境improveeconomicenvironment整顿经济秩序rectifyeconomicorder有效地控制通货膨胀

effectivelycontrolinflation非公有成分non-publicsectors主要成分dominantsector实在的tangible全体会议plenarysession解放生产力liberate/unshackle/releasetheproductive

forces引入歧途leadonetoablindalley举措move实事求是seektruthfromfacts引进、输入importation和平演变peacefulevolution试一下haveago(atsth.)精华、精粹

、实质quintessence家庭联产责任承包制family-contractresponsibilitysystem搞活企业invigorateenterprises商品经济commodityecon

omy基石cornerstone零售retail发电量electricenergyproduction有色金属nonferrousmetals人均收入percapitaincome使负担besaddledwith营业发达的公

司goingconcerns被兼并或挤掉annexedorforcedoutofbusiness善于接受的receptive增额、增值、增长increment发展过快excessivegrowth抽样调查datafromthesamplesurvey扣除物价上涨部分pricei

ncreasearededucted(excluded)实际增长率actualgrowthrate国际收支internationalbalanceofpayments流通制度circulationsyst

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ction渔业fishing第一产业primaryindustry第二产业secondaryindustry第三产业tertiaryindustry生产资料meansofproduction生活资料meansofli

velihood/subsistence生产关系relationsofproduction生产力productiveforces公有制publicownership私有制privateownership全民所有制ownershipby

theentire/wholepeopleWorldBank世界银行InternationalDevelopmentassociation,IDA国际开发协会InternationalMonetaryFoundAgreement国际货币基金协定Inte

rnationalMonetaryFound,IMF国际货币基金组织EuropeanEconomicandMonetaryUnion欧洲经济与货币同盟EuropeanMonetaryCooperationFund欧洲货币合作基金BankforI

nternationalSettlements,BIS国际结算银行AfricanDevelopmentBank,AFDB非洲开发银行Export-ImportBankofWashington美国进出口银行NationalcityBankofNewYork花旗银行AmericanOri

entalBankingCorporation美丰银行AmericanExpressCo.Inc.美国万国宝通银行TheChaseBank大通银行Inter-AmericanDevelopmentBank,IDB泛美

开发银行EuropeanInvestmentBank,EIB欧洲投资银行MidlandBank,Ltd.米兰银行UnitedBankofSwitzerland瑞士联合银行DresdenBankA.G.德累斯敦银行BankofTokyo,Ltd.东京银行HongkongandShangh

aiCorporation香港汇丰银行InternationalFinanceCorporation,IFC国际金融公司LaCommunauteFinancieveAfricane非洲金融共同体EconomicandSocialCouncil,ECOS

OC联合国经济及社会理事会UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgram,NUDP联合国开发计划署UnitedNationsCapitalDevelopmentFund,UNCDF联合国资本开发基金UnitedNationsIndustrialDevelopmentOrgani

zation,UNIDO联合国工业发展组织UnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopment,UNCTAD联合国贸易与发展会议FoodandAgriculturalOrganization,FAO粮食与农业组织,粮农组织EconomicCommiss

ionforEurope,ECE欧洲经济委员会EconomicCommissionforLatinAmerica,ECLA拉丁美洲经济委员会EconomicCommissionforAsiaandFarEast,ECAFE亚洲及远东经济委员会EconomicCommissi

onforWesternAsia,ECWA西亚经济委员会EconomicCommissionforAfrica,ECA非洲经济委员会OverseasChineseInvestmentCompany华侨投资公司NewYorkStockExchange,NYSE纽约证券交易所LondonSto

ckMarket伦敦股票市场BalticMercantileandShippingExchange波罗的海商业和航运交易所