【文档说明】醛和酮羧酸及羧酸衍生物练习题课件.ppt，共(30)页，1.051 MB，由小橙橙上传

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醛和酮、羧酸及羧酸衍生物练习题一、命名或写出结构式COOC2H5COOC2H5(CH3)2CHC(CH3)2CHCOOO邻苯二甲酸二乙酯异丁酸酐OOOCONCH3CH2CH3N-甲基-N-乙基苯甲酰胺-丁内酯OO顺

丁烯二酸酐(马来酸酐)二、完成反应式(CH3CO)2OCOOHOCOOH△()OCOCOO()()NH3SOCl2C6H5CHCOOHCH3Br2/OH-()C6H5CHCOClCH3C6H5CHCONH2CH3C6H5CHNH2CH3HCOOC2H5+2CH3CH

2MgBrH2OH()CHCH2CH3CH2CH3OHOO+C2H5OHH+()CH2OHCH2COOC2H5CH3(CH2)10COOC2H5NaC2H5OH()CH3(CH2)10CH2OH+C2H5OHCHCOOCH3CH3NH2H+,H2O()+C

OOHCOOH△OOONH3KOH()CH3CHCOOCH3Br()OON-K+OONCHCOOCH3CH3CH3CONH2HCH2NaOHBr2NH3CH3COClHCH2()()CH3NH2HCH2(

NaBH4)(Zn,Hg/HCl)(LiAlH4)CH3COCH2CO2C2H5CH3CHCH2COOC2H5OHCH3CH2CH2COOC2H5CH3CHCH2CH2CH2OHOHCOOHCH2OH()OO

2COOHHOCH2CH2OHH+()COCH2CH2OCOOCH3CH2COOHBr2P()C2H5OHH+()Zn甲苯OHCHCOOC2H5CH3()H3+OCH3CHCOOHBrCH3CHCOOC

2H5BrOCH3CHCOOC2H5ZnBrCH3CH2OCOOCH2CH3+CH2COOC2H51)C2H5ONa2)H+C2H5OCOCHPhCOOC2H5CH3CH2CH2COOC2H51)C2H5ONa2

)H+CH3CH2CH2COCHCOOCH2CH3CH2CH31.按酸性由强到弱排列（）COOHCOOHClCOOHNO2COOHOCH32.按酸性由强到弱排序（）A.CH3CH2COOHB.CH2CH2COOHClC.CHCH2COOHD.Cl3CCH2COOHClClABCDD>C>B>A

C>B>A>D3.加热时可以生成内酯的羟基酸是（）A.α-羟基酸B.β-羟基酸C.γ-羟基酸D.δ-羟基酸CD三、选择、填空题4.下列化合物水解反应速率顺序为（）5.碱催化下水解反应速率大小顺序为（）CO2C2H5NO2CO

2C2H5CH3CO2C2H5CO2C2H5OCH3A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.CH3COClCH3CNHCH3OCH3COCCH3OOCH3COOC2H5A>C>D>BA>C>B>D6.下列化合物沸点最高者为（）A.乙醇B.乙酸C.乙酸乙酯D.乙酰胺D碳链相当的化合物沸

点次序为：酰胺>酸>醇>酯。7.将下列负离子按碱性强弱排列成序（）B>A>C四、分离与鉴别题1、用简便的化学方法鉴别：a.甲酸b.草酸c.丙二酸d.丁二酸解答：甲酸是液体，其余为固体abcdAgNO3/NH3+CO2△CO2AgN

O3/NH3+五、机理题Acyclicacetal+4-HydroxypentanalOCH3OH+CH3OHH2OOHHO+18写出丙酸乙酯与乙醇钠作用的反应机理。当反应混合物酸化后，得到什么产物?CH3CH2COOC2H5C2H5O-OC2H5OHC2H5OHH+O

C2H5OOC2H5OOC2H5OOC2H5OOC2H5O-C2H5OOOC2H5OOC2H5O-写出反应机理：C6H5COOC2H5+CH3COOC2H5C6H5COCH2COOC2H51)C2H5ONa2)H3O+CH3COOC2H5C2H5O-H2COOC2H5H

2CO-OC2H5C2H5OHC6H5OC2H5OH2COOC2H5C6H5OC2H5O-CH2COOC2H5C6H5OCH2COOC2H5C2H5OHH+CH2(COOC2H5)23、C2H5ONa+OC2H5OHH+OCH2(COOC2H5)2C2H5ONaCH(CO

OC2H5)2－OCHCH2CH2O－C2H5OOCC2H5O－COO－C2H5OOCOC2H5C2H5OOCOH+OH3+O六、合成题CH3CH3CH3COOHBr2P()C2H5OHH+()Zn甲苯()H3+OOHOCH2COOHCH2COOHB

rCH2COOC2H5BrCH2COOC2H5ZnBrBrZnOCH2COOC2H5OHOCH2COOHCH3CH2COOHLiAlH4CH3CH2CH2OHHBrCH3CH2CH2BrCO2H+CH3CH2CH2COOHMg无水乙醚CH3CH2

CH2MgBrCH3CH2CHCOOHCH3CH2COOHO=(1)CH3MgBr(2)H3O+PBr3吡啶BrCH3Mg/醚(1)CO2(2)H3O+COClCH3SOCl2NH3CONH2CH3CNH2CH3

O=OCCH3COOHHCH2C6H5CCH3NH2HCH2C6H5CCH3COOHHCH2C6H5SOCl2NH3Br2OHCCH3NH2HCH2C6H5CCH3COClHCH2C6H5CCH3CONH2HCH2C6H5由四氢化萘合成邻苯二甲酸二乙

酯。KMnO4,H+PCl5C2H5OHH+COOHCOOHCOClCOClCOOC2H5COOC2H5以C4以下的不饱和烃为原料，经丙二酸二乙酯法合成(1)CH3CHCHCH2OHCH3CH2CH3(2)CH3HOOCCOOH

CH3CHCHCH2OHCH3CH2CH3CH3CHC(COOEt)2CH3CH2CH3(1)合成：CH2=CH2HBrCH3CH2BrCH3CH=CH2HBrCH3CHCH3BrCH2(COOEt)2①②C2H

5ONa(CH3)2CHBr①②C2H5ONaCH3CH2Br①②H2O/OHH+△CO2CH3CHCHCOOHCH3CH2CH3①②LiAlH4H3O+以C4以下的不饱和烃为原料，经丙二酸二乙酯法合成(1)CH3C

HCHCH2OHCH3CH2CH3(2)CH3HOOCCOOHCH2=CH2HClCH3CH2BrCHCHHClHgCl2CH2=CHClHClCH3CHCl2CH3EtOOCCOOEt2CH2(COOEt)2①②C

2H5ONa①②C2H5ONaCH3CH2Br①②H2O/OHH+△CO2CH3CH2CH(COOEt)2CH3CHCl2EtOOCCOOEtCH3HOOCCOOH(2)合成：2用苯和C4以下的醇为原料，经乙酰乙酸乙酯法合成(1)C

H3CCH2CHCCH3==CH2CH3OO(2)CCH2CH2C6H5=OCH3CCH2CHCCH3==CH2CH3OOCH3CCH2Br=OCH3CH2BrCH3COCH2COOEt①②C2H5O

Na①②C2H5ONaCH3COCH2Br①②H2O/OHH+△CO2CH3CH2BrCH3CH2OHHBrCH3CHCH3OHKMnO4/H+CH3CCH3=OBr2/H+CH3C=OCCOOEtCH2CH3CH2COCH

3(1)合成：(2)合成：CCH2CH2C6H5=OCCH=OCHC6H5=CCH3=OCH3O2,V2O5350~360℃CHOCH2CH2OHCH2CH2OHCH2CH2ClCH2CH2ClSOCl2CH3

COCH2COOEt①②EtONaCl(CH2)4ClCH3COCHCOOEtCH2CH2CH2CH2ClEtONaCH3COCCOOEt①②H2O/OHH+△CO2C6H5CHOdil.OH,△HOCH2CH2OHH+H2/NiH3O+用苯和C4以下的醇为原料，经乙酰乙酸乙酯法合成(1)CH3

CCH2CHCCH3==CH2CH3OO(2)CCH2CH2C6H5=O化合物A和B的分子式为C4H6O2，它们不溶于碳酸钠和氢氧化钠的水溶液；都可以使溴水褪色，且都有类似于乙酸乙酯的香味。和氢氧化钠的水溶液共热后

则发生反应：A的反应产物为乙酸钠和乙醛，而B的反应产物为甲醇和一个羧酸的钠盐，将后者用酸中和后蒸馏所得的有机物C可使溴水褪色。试推测A、B和C的结构式。CH3COOCHCH2CH2CHCOOHA：B：C：CHCOOCH3CH2七、推断

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