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初中英语语法之名词名词考点一：可数名词&不可数名词1.可数名词(1)初中学过的名词复数形式不规则变化的有：a.child→children,tooth→teeth,mouse→mice,foot→feet,

leaf→leavesb.单复数同形：Chinese,Japanese,sheep,fish(注意：fish的另一种复数形式为fishes)c.man和woman及由它们构成的合成词：man→men,woman→women,Englishman→Engli

shmen,Frenchman→Frenchmen,policeman→policemen,policewoman→policewomen,postman→postmen温馨提示：以下名词复数形式虽然是规则变化的，但需要特别记忆：German(s),bamboo(s),ra

dio(s),piano(s),potato(es),tomato(es),hero(es),zero(s/es)(2)集体名词a.以单数形式出现，但实为复数。如：people,police。b.既可作单数也可作复数，视它们在句中的含义而定，如被

看作一个整体，就作单数用；如被看作组成该集体的成员，则作复数用。如：class,family,public,government。(3)名词修饰名词时，若前面的名词是man和woman，变复数时，两个名词同时变为复数形式，如awomandoctor→twow

omendoctors；如果是其他名词，变复数时，只需把后面的名词变为复数形式，如aboystudent→fiveboystudents。(4)由“数词带连字符+名词+形容词”作定语时，该名词用单数形式，如aten-week-oldbaby。2.不可数名词没有单、复数形式的变化。但若要表示不可数

名词的量，通常可用相应的单位词，复数形式常体现在单位词上。a.表示个数的单位词，如piece，构成apieceofmeat/paper/cake/bread/music/advice/news。b.以形状表示个数的单位词，如

drop，构成adropofwater/oil。c.表示容积的单位词，如bottle,bowl,spoon,glass,cup，构成abottleofjuice,abowlofrice,aspoonofsugar,aglassofwater,acupofcoffee。d.表示度量单位的词，如kil

o,pound，构成akilo/poundofmeat。3.兼作可数和不可数的名词这类名词需在句中根据语法及句意判断是可数还是不可数。如：glass(玻璃)→aglass(玻璃杯)chicken(鸡肉)→achicken(小鸡)orange(橙汁)→anorange(橙子)exp

erience(经验)→anexperience(经历)surprise(惊奇)→asurprise(令人惊奇的事)room(空间)→aroom(房间)4.可数名词和不可数名词的修饰词修饰可数名词：基数词(如one)，不定冠词(a,

an)，many,several,few,afew,anumberof修饰不可数名词：much,little,alittle既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词：some,alotof,lotsof,enough,

plentyof5.对可数名词及不可数名词的数量提问时使用的疑问词a.对可数名词的量提问时用howmany。b.对不可数名词的量提问时用howmuch。【考例链接】Ⅰ.单项选择()1.Hurryup!Some_______and_______areonsaleinthesuperma

rket.A.tomato;eggB.tomatoes;eggC.tomatoes;eggsD.tomato;eggs()2.—Look!Theyare_______.—Yes.Weareproudofthem.

A.manscientistB.womenscientistsC.womanscientistsD.manscientists()3.—Whatelsedoweneedtomakecoldbeef?—_______.A.TwospoonssaltB.Twospoonsofsalts

C.Twospoonsofsalt()4.Janeisverythirsty,sosheneedssome_______.A.waterB.breadC.cakesD.rice()5.I’mnothungryatallbecauseIhavejusthadmuch

_______.A.breadB.pearsC.eggs()6.Weshouldbrushour_______everyday.A.toothB.teethC.hand()7.Thethree_____

__upstairsaretoosmalltohaveenough_______foradoublebed.A.room,roomB.room,roomsC.rooms,roomD.rooms,rooms()8.—Jason,______pocketmoneydoesyourmotherg

iveyoueverymonth?—100yuan.A.howmanyB.howmuchC.howoftenD.howlongⅡ.写出所缺单词1.The_______(发明)oftheInternethaschangedtheworldgreatly.2.Theoldcoup

lehavetwosonsandbothofthemare_______(邮递员).3.Nomatterwhattimewearegettingthrough,_______(英雄)arealwaysaroundus.4.Inautumn,quiteafew_______(树叶)

turnyellowandfalloffthetrees.5.Therewillbeabigp(聚会)fortheschool-leaversthisevening.6.BecauseoftheCOVID-19,onlyafew_______(市

场)wereopeninourcitylastspring.7.Tim’s_______(家人)arewatchingTVinthelivingroomnow.8.Momboughttwo_______(公斤)ofeggsandso

memilkinthesupermarket.9.Mr.Smithhasa(n)_______(五岁的)daughter.Helovesherverymuch.10.MyauntisanEnglishteacherwhohaslotsofteach

ing_______(经验).考点二：名词词义辨析解题关键：通过分析具体的语境来辨析名词的词义。【考例链接】单项选择()1.Forhisson’sbirthday,Stevenistakinghimtothenewmovieasa_______.A.tas

kB.treatC.choiceD.visit()2.One_______ofthebookismissing,soIcan’tlearnthewholestory.A.copyB.pageC.writerD.reader()3.Youcanseethe_____

__inourfaceswhenwetalkaboutthegreatachievementsinthepast70years.A.doubtB.prideC.regretD.ability考点三：名词所有格1.构成单

数名词、人名和不以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格通常在词尾加’s；以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格在词尾加’。2.用法(1)表示“某人的”，如Tom’s。(2)表示两者共同拥有，只在第二个名词后加’s即可；表示两者各自拥有，则每个名词后都加’s。(3)

时间、距离、价格、国家、城市等名词作定语，如lastmonth’strip,ahundredmeters’distance,fivedollars’food,China’sdevelopment,Beijing’shutongs。3.与of短语的关系(1)有时’s所有格和of短语可以

互换使用，如thehouse’sdoor=thedoorofthehouse。(2)有时两者不能互换使用，如men’sshoes=shoesformen，children’sstories=storiesforc

hildren。【考例链接】Ⅰ.单项选择()1.IfIleavemyhouseat9o’clockanddrivetotheairport,I’llarriveatabout11.Soit’sabouttwo_______dr

ivefrommyhousetotheairport.A.hours’B.hour’sC.hours()2._______roomlooksveryclean.A.BobandDave’sB.Bob’sandDave’sC.Bob’sandDa

veⅡ.写出所缺单词或短语1.These_______(艺术家)designwonaninternationalaward.2._____________________(这个女孩的声音)soundssweet.3.Therearedifferentk

indsof_______________________(女式毛衣)inthisclothesstore.参考答案考点一：Ⅰ.1-5CBCAA6-8BCBⅡ.1.invention2.postmen3.heroes4.leaves5.party6.markets7.family8.

kilos9.five-year-old10.experience考点二：1-3BBB考点三：Ⅰ.1-2AAⅡ.1.artists’2.Thegirl’svoice/Thevoiceofthegirl3.women’ssweater

s/sweatersforwomen