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Withthenumberoftransientworkersthatcomethroughwarehouses,thehustleandbustleofgettingordersshippedoutanddeliveri
esontotheracks,andavarietyofotherconcerns,havingastrongforkliftsafetyprogramisessential.Aquickwalkthroughmanywarehouse
swillshowmachinesbeingdrivenfasterthantheyshouldbe,unsecuredorunevenloads,forksbeingraisedandloweredasl
iftsareturning,andrandomfoot-traffic.Remember,you,asapedestrian,willnotwinagainstamachinethatweighsthousandsofpounds!S
o,wherecanwefocusourattention?由于有大量的临时工进入仓库,非常忙碌的将订单运出并运送到货架上,以及其他各种问题,因此制定强有力的叉车安全计划至关重要。快速观察一下许多仓库,将会发现叉车被行驶得比想象的快很
多,不固定或负载不均匀,叉车在升降机转弯时被升高和降低以及随意的水平搬运。请记住,作为行人,您不可能战胜重达数千磅的叉车!那么,我们在哪里可以集中精力呢?Training培训Noarticlecansubstituteforforkliftoperatortraining,whichyoukno
w,allofyouroperatorsMUSThave,right?ANDthattheymustbereevaluatedatleasteverythreeyears,right?OK,good.Justchecking.Toooften,Ihavesee
nnewwarehouseworkersputinasituationwheretheyarejustexpectedtofigureitout.Trainyouremployeesproperly.Observethemwhilet
hey’reworking.Aretheyconstantlygoingtoofast,comingaroundcornersorintointersectionswithoutslowingdownorbeeping,drivingwiththeirviewobstructed,orraisin
g/loweringloadswhilethey’removing?Thatemployeemayneedtoberetrained.Ifyoudon’thavesomebodywhoisabletodothatongoingevaluation,youneedtoproperlyprepar
esomebodytofillthatrole.没有办法通过阅读学习来代替叉车操作员实践培训,您知道,所有操作员都必须接受培训,对吗?并且至少每三年必须对它们进行重新评估,对吧?只是检查,经常看到新的仓库作业人员解决问题的状况处于这个水平。正确培训您的员工。在他们工作时观察他们。他们是
不是一直走得太快,拐弯处或进入交叉路口而没有减速或发出哔哔声,阻碍视线行驶或在移动时升高/降低载荷?该员工可能需要接受再培训。如果您没有能够进行持续评估的人员,则需要适当地准备人员以担任该职位So,whatshouldtrainingandevaluationofsafeforkliftop
erationfocuson?Speed(nofasterthanapersonwalkingquickly),followingdistance(threeforkliftlengths),knowingthecapacityofyourlif
tandcheckingtheloadtoensureitswithinthatcapacity,stabilityofloads,stabilityoftheliftandhowitchangesasthecenterofgravitychanges,notraisingorloweringf
orkswhilemovingorturning,liftinspections,travelingbackwardand/orspotters,unattendedlifts,useofliftsonslopes,liftingandsettingofma
terial,andfuelsafetyprecautions.Afterreadingthatlist,areyoustillcomfortabletellinganuntrainedpersonto“justdoit”?那么,叉车安全操作的培训和评估应着重于什么?速度(
不超过快速行走的人的速度),随车距离(三个叉车长度),了解叉车的载荷能力并检查负载以确保其在此容量范围内,负载的稳定性,叉车的稳定性以及随着负载的变化重心发生变化,在移动或转弯时不得升高或降低货叉,检查提升功能,向后行驶和/或清洁,无人使用的叉车,在斜坡上使用升降功能,物料的举升
和固定以及燃油安全预防措施。阅读完该列表后,您是否还愿意告诉未经训练的人“做到这一点”?FootTraffic水平运输It’shardtooperateaforkliftsafelyifyouhavetoconstantlydodg
eunexpectedpedestrians.Peoplerandomlywanderingthefloorofyourwarehouseposebothathreattothemselvesandathreattothemenandwomenonyourforklifts.Inord
ertoavoidthis,youshouldhavedesignatedwalkwaysandarestrictiononwhocanbeonthewarehousefloor.Sure,theywillnotbeabletostaywi
thinthesewalkways100%ofthetime,butifyouhavearestrictedgroupthatisallowedtobethere,youcantrainthemtot
akeextraprecautionswhentheyhavetoleavethearea.Railingandsafetygatesmayalsobeaviableoption,restrictingfoottrafficto
thedesignatedwalkwaysincertainhightrafficareas.Meanwhile,forkliftoperatorsknowtotakeextraprecautionsaroundthewalkways.Also,makeyourpe
destriansvisible;requirereflectivevestsorhighvisibilityshirtsforanybodywhoneedstobeonfoot.如果您必须不断躲避意外的行人,则很难安全地操作叉车。人们
随意地在仓库的地面上任意行走,既对自己构成威胁,也对叉车上的操作员构成威胁。为了避免这种情况,您应该指定人行道,并限制谁可以进入仓库。当然,他们将无法100%地留在这些人行道中,但是如果您允许有限制的人员进入,
则可以训练他们在必须离开该地区时采取额外的预防措施。栏杆和安全门也可能是一个可行的选择,将人流量限制在某些人流量大的区域中的指定人行道上。同时,叉车操作员知道在走道周围要采取额外的预防措施。另外,使行人提高可见度。需要反光背心或高可见度的衬衫,适合任何需
要步行的人。PalletRacksandShelving货架存储Theendsofpalletracksareoftendamagedwhenadriverattemptstoturndownanaisleandaccidentlyclipsorrunsintoar
ack,resultinginsignificantdamagetotherackandpotentialdamagetothegoodsbeingstoredontherack.Makingsureyouraislesarewideenoughisahelpfulfirststepwhe
ntryingtoavoidthesetypesofaccidents.Yourdrivermaysimplynothaveenoughspacetoperformthemaneuversheneedstogetaroundthewar
ehouse.Enforcingthespeedlimitwetalkedaboutearlierisalsoimportant.Ifthedriverisgoingareasonablespeed,heismorelikelytobeabletocorrectamiscalc
ulationbeforeheactuallycollideswiththerack.Bollardsandimpactbarriersarealsoagoodwaytoprotectthecornersofyou
rracks.Notonlybyprovidingabarrierbetweentheforkliftandtherack,butalsoprovidinghighervisibility.当驾驶员试图降低叉车高度进入过道,
并意外夹入或撞入货架时,经常会损坏托盘货架的端部,从而严重损坏货架并可能损坏存储在货架上的货物。尝试避免这些类型的事故时,请确保过道足够宽是第一步的有用步骤。您的司机可能根本没有足够的空间来执行他需要绕过仓库的操作。加强我们前面
讨论的速度限制也很重要。如果驾驶员以合理的速度行驶,则他更有可能在实际撞到货架之前纠正错误。护角和防撞栏也是保护货架的好方法。不仅在叉车和货架之间设置了障碍物,而且还提供了更高的可视性。Fuel动力Some
ofthebiggesthazardsassociatedwithforkliftusagearen’tnecessarilyalwaysfromtheforkliftsthemselves.Howaretheforkliftsinyour
warehousepowered?Propane?Electric?Diesel?You’llhaveavarietyofreasonsbehindyourchoice,butbeawarethate
achoneposesahazardthatyoumustconsider.Diesel,gasoline,oranyotherinternalcombustionisprobablyabadchoiceform
ostindooruses.Weallknowthebyproductofincompletecombustion,right?CarbonMonoxide.Andwhileopenoverheadd
oors,ventilation,andlargespacesmayhelpmitigatetheamountofcarbonmonoxideyouremployeesareexposedto,whatabouttheemployeewhotakesthatforkliftintoth
ebackofatruckandleavesitrunningwhiletheysecuretheload?Ifyouneedtousethistypeofforklift,you’llprobablywanttoensureyouhavetheproperscrubbersontheex
haust,trainyouremployeestorecognizesignsofcarbonmonoxideexposure,andprohibitrunningtheengineintrailersorotherconfinedareas.与叉车使用相关的最大危害不一定总
是来自叉车本身。仓库中的叉车如何提供动力?丙烷?电动?柴油机?您的选择背后有多种原因,但请注意,每个因素都会构成您必须考虑的危险。对于大多数室内使用而言,柴油,汽油或任何其他内燃可能是一个不好的选择。我们都知道燃烧不完全的副产物,对吗?
一氧化碳。而且,虽然敞开的高架门,通风和宽敞的空间可能有助于减轻员工接触到的一氧化碳的数量,但是将叉车带入卡车后部并在确保负载的状态下运行的员工又如何呢?如果您需要使用这种类型的叉车,则可能要确保排气管上
有合适的洗涤器,对员工进行培训以识别一氧化碳暴露的迹象,并禁止在拖车或其他密闭区域内操作发动机。LPGorpropaneburncleaner,butposetheirownhazards,flammabili
tyandskinexposureamongthem.PropaneandLPGareflammableand,beingheavierthanair,willseepalongthefloorunt
ilpossiblyfindinganignitionsource,ratherthandisperseupintotheair.Precautionsneedtobetakennotjustduringtheiruse,
butalsointheareainwhichyou’restoringthemtoensureyouhaveproperfirefightingmethodsavailable.液化石油气或丙烷燃烧清洁剂,但它们
自身构成危害,易燃性和皮肤接触。丙烷和液化石油气易燃,比空气重,会沿着地板渗透,直到可能找到点火源,而不是扩散到空气中。不仅要在使用过程中采取预防措施,还应在存放它们的区域中采取预防措施,以确保有适当的灭火方法可用。Sowithallthehazardsthatthosefuelscreate
,whynotjustgoelectric?Keepitsimple,right?Nofumestoworryabout.But,therealityis,ofcourse,thatelectricforkliftshavetheirownsetofissues.Nowyouhavetowor
ryaboutchargingstations,ventilationofthosestations,eyewashstations,trainingyourpeopletoproperlyhandlethebatteriesandmore.那么,既然这些燃料会
产生所有危害,为什么不直接使用电动呢?保持简单吧?不用担心烟雾。但是,事实上,电动叉车当然有其自身的问题。现在,您必须担心充电站,这些站的通风,洗眼站,培训人员正确处理电池等问题。Unlessyou’reusingmanuallifts,yo
u’regoingtohavefuel-relatedhazardsandyou’regoingtohavetotrainyourpeopleonthosehazardsandhowtoworksafely.除非您使用手动叉车,否则将有与燃油相关的危险,并且必须对人员进行有关这些危险以及
如何安全工作的培训。ClassifiedAreas限制区域Ifyouhaveareasinyourwarehousethatareclassifiedashazardouslocations,youneedtoensurethaty
ourforkliftisdesignedtobeoperatedinthatarea.29CFR1910.178(b)and(c)designate11forkliftclassificationsandalistingofclassifi
edlocationsinwhicheachtypeofliftcanbeused.如果您的仓库中有被分类为危险区域的区域,则需要确保叉车设计为可以在该区域中操作。29CFR1910.178(b)和(c)指定11种叉车分类以
及列出可以使用每种类型的举升机的分类位置列表。Inspect,Inspect,Inspect检查、检查、检查Justlikeanyotherpieceofequipment,forkliftsneedtobeinspectedpriorto
use.Howarethetires?Isthereaproperlychargedfireextinguisher?Doallofthecontrolsworkproperly?Doyourblinkersandhornfunctionproperl
y?Areyourmirrorsinplace?Arethereanyleaks?与其他设备一样,叉车在使用前也需要进行检查。轮胎怎么样?是否有正确充电的灭火器?所有控件是否正常工作?指示灯和喇叭是否正常工作?你的镜子到位了吗?有泄漏吗?Bu
tinspectionsarenotjustlimitedtotheequipmentitself.Whatabouttheconditionsofthewarehouseyou’reworkingi
n?Isthefloorlevel?Arethereanyoverheadobstaclesyouneedtobeconcernedwith?Arethereanyrampsyouwillhavetotraverse?Pipeleaks,leaksfromotherma
chines,oranyotherspillthatcouldcauseaproblemforyou?但是检查不仅限于设备本身。您在仓库中的地面条件如何?您是否需要考虑任何顶部搞定方面的障碍?您是否需
要穿越任何坡道?管道泄漏,其他机器的泄漏或任何其他可能对您造成问题的泄漏?Anddon’tforgettrailers.Ifyou’reabouttoloadorunloadatruck,youhavemoreinspectionstodo.Istheflo
orofthetrailercapableofsupportingtheweightoftheliftandload?Isitingoodcondition?Arethewheelschockedoristhetrailerotherwisesecured?而且不
要忘记拖车车厢。如果您要装卸卡车,则需要进行更多检查。拖车的地板是否能够支撑电梯的重量和负载?它状况良好吗?车轮是否被塞住或拖车是否已固定?Nevertakeforgrantedthatsomebodyelsehascheckedthethingsthatyo
ursafetyandwell-beingdependon.Inspect,inspect,inspect.切勿以为别人检查了您的安全和福祉所依赖的事物。检查,检查,检查。Conclusion结论Thereisnolack
ofdangerinawarehouse.Forkliftswillalwaysposesomedangertowarehouseworkers,butthatdangercanbeexponentiallyincreasediftheliftisn’tbeingoperatedprope
rly.Trainyouroperatorshowtosafelyhandlethemachinesandtrainyourpeopleonthefloorhowtobehavearoundlifts.
Ifeveryoneworkstogether,everyonegoeshomesafeattheendoftheshift.仓库中不乏危险。叉车总是会对仓库工人造成一定的危险,但是如果叉车操作不当,这种危险会成倍增加。培训您的操作员如
何安全操作机器,并培训您的人员如何在叉车周围工作。如果每个人都在一起致力于安全作业,则在工作结束时每个人都可以安全回家。