【文档说明】叉车安全要义中英双语版.docx,共(12)页,20.746 KB,由小魏子文库上传
转载请保留链接:https://www.ichengzhen.cn/view-196759.html
以下为本文档部分文字说明:
Withthenumberoftransientworkersthatcomethroughwarehouses,thehustleandbustleofgettingordersshippedoutanddeliveriesontotheracks,andavariet
yofotherconcerns,havingastrongforkliftsafetyprogramisessential.Aquickwalkthroughmanywarehouseswillshowmachinesbeingdrivenfastert
hantheyshouldbe,unsecuredorunevenloads,forksbeingraisedandloweredasliftsareturning,andrandomfoot-traffic.Remember,you,asap
edestrian,willnotwinagainstamachinethatweighsthousandsofpounds!So,wherecanwefocusourattention?由于有大量的临时工进入仓库,
非常忙碌的将订单运出并运送到货架上,以及其他各种问题,因此制定强有力的叉车安全计划至关重要。快速观察一下许多仓库,将会发现叉车被行驶得比想象的快很多,不固定或负载不均匀,叉车在升降机转弯时被升高和降低以及随意的水平搬运。请记住,作为行人,您不可能战胜重达数千
磅的叉车!那么,我们在哪里可以集中精力呢?Training培训Noarticlecansubstituteforforkliftoperatortraining,whichyouknow,allofyouroperatorsMUSThave,right?ANDthattheymustbereev
aluatedatleasteverythreeyears,right?OK,good.Justchecking.Toooften,Ihaveseennewwarehouseworkersputinasituationwher
etheyarejustexpectedtofigureitout.Trainyouremployeesproperly.Observethemwhilethey’reworking.Aretheyconstantlygoingtoofast,comingaround
cornersorintointersectionswithoutslowingdownorbeeping,drivingwiththeirviewobstructed,orraising/loweringloadswhilethey’removing?Thatemploye
emayneedtoberetrained.Ifyoudon’thavesomebodywhoisabletodothatongoingevaluation,youneedtoproperlypreparesomebodytofilltha
trole.没有办法通过阅读学习来代替叉车操作员实践培训,您知道,所有操作员都必须接受培训,对吗?并且至少每三年必须对它们进行重新评估,对吧?只是检查,经常看到新的仓库作业人员解决问题的状况处于这个水平。正确培训
您的员工。在他们工作时观察他们。他们是不是一直走得太快,拐弯处或进入交叉路口而没有减速或发出哔哔声,阻碍视线行驶或在移动时升高/降低载荷?该员工可能需要接受再培训。如果您没有能够进行持续评估的人员,则需要适当地准备人员以担任该职位So,whatshouldtrainin
gandevaluationofsafeforkliftoperationfocuson?Speed(nofasterthanapersonwalkingquickly),followingdistance(threeforkliftlengths),knowingthe
capacityofyourliftandcheckingtheloadtoensureitswithinthatcapacity,stabilityofloads,stabilityoftheliftandhowi
tchangesasthecenterofgravitychanges,notraisingorloweringforkswhilemovingorturning,liftinspections,travelingbackward
and/orspotters,unattendedlifts,useofliftsonslopes,liftingandsettingofmaterial,andfuelsafetyprecautions.Afterreadingthatlist,
areyoustillcomfortabletellinganuntrainedpersonto“justdoit”?那么,叉车安全操作的培训和评估应着重于什么?速度(不超过快速行走的人的速度),随车距离(
三个叉车长度),了解叉车的载荷能力并检查负载以确保其在此容量范围内,负载的稳定性,叉车的稳定性以及随着负载的变化重心发生变化,在移动或转弯时不得升高或降低货叉,检查提升功能,向后行驶和/或清洁,无人使用的叉车,在斜坡上使用升降功能,物料的举升和固定以及燃油
安全预防措施。阅读完该列表后,您是否还愿意告诉未经训练的人“做到这一点”?FootTraffic水平运输It’shardtooperateaforkliftsafelyifyouhavetoconstantlydodgeunexpectedpedes
trians.Peoplerandomlywanderingthefloorofyourwarehouseposebothathreattothemselvesandathreattothemenandwomenonyourforklifts.Inordertoavoidthis,yous
houldhavedesignatedwalkwaysandarestrictiononwhocanbeonthewarehousefloor.Sure,theywillnotbeabletostaywithinthesewalkwa
ys100%ofthetime,butifyouhavearestrictedgroupthatisallowedtobethere,youcantrainthemtotakeextraprecautionswhentheyhavetoleavethea
rea.Railingandsafetygatesmayalsobeaviableoption,restrictingfoottraffictothedesignatedwalkwaysincertainhightrafficareas.M
eanwhile,forkliftoperatorsknowtotakeextraprecautionsaroundthewalkways.Also,makeyourpedestriansvisible;requirereflectiveve
stsorhighvisibilityshirtsforanybodywhoneedstobeonfoot.如果您必须不断躲避意外的行人,则很难安全地操作叉车。人们随意地在仓库的地面上任意行走,既对自己构成威胁,也对叉车上的操作员构成威胁。为了避
免这种情况,您应该指定人行道,并限制谁可以进入仓库。当然,他们将无法100%地留在这些人行道中,但是如果您允许有限制的人员进入,则可以训练他们在必须离开该地区时采取额外的预防措施。栏杆和安全门也可能是一个可行的选择,将人流量限
制在某些人流量大的区域中的指定人行道上。同时,叉车操作员知道在走道周围要采取额外的预防措施。另外,使行人提高可见度。需要反光背心或高可见度的衬衫,适合任何需要步行的人。PalletRacksandShelving货架存储Theendsofpalletracksareoftendamagedwhen
adriverattemptstoturndownanaisleandaccidentlyclipsorrunsintoarack,resultinginsignificantdamagetotherackandpotentialdamagetothegoodsbeingst
oredontherack.Makingsureyouraislesarewideenoughisahelpfulfirststepwhentryingtoavoidthesetypesofaccidents.Yourdrivermaysimplynothaveenou
ghspacetoperformthemaneuversheneedstogetaroundthewarehouse.Enforcingthespeedlimitwetalkedaboutearlierisalso
important.Ifthedriverisgoingareasonablespeed,heismorelikelytobeabletocorrectamiscalculationbeforeheactuallycollide
swiththerack.Bollardsandimpactbarriersarealsoagoodwaytoprotectthecornersofyourracks.Notonlybyprovidingabarrierbetwee
ntheforkliftandtherack,butalsoprovidinghighervisibility.当驾驶员试图降低叉车高度进入过道,并意外夹入或撞入货架时,经常会损坏托盘货架的端部,从而严重损坏货架并可能损坏存储在货架上的货物。尝试避免这些类型的事故时,请确保过道
足够宽是第一步的有用步骤。您的司机可能根本没有足够的空间来执行他需要绕过仓库的操作。加强我们前面讨论的速度限制也很重要。如果驾驶员以合理的速度行驶,则他更有可能在实际撞到货架之前纠正错误。护角和防撞栏也是保
护货架的好方法。不仅在叉车和货架之间设置了障碍物,而且还提供了更高的可视性。Fuel动力Someofthebiggesthazardsassociatedwithforkliftusagearen’tne
cessarilyalwaysfromtheforkliftsthemselves.Howaretheforkliftsinyourwarehousepowered?Propane?Electric?Diesel?You’llhaveava
rietyofreasonsbehindyourchoice,butbeawarethateachoneposesahazardthatyoumustconsider.Diesel,gasoline,oranyotherinterna
lcombustionisprobablyabadchoiceformostindooruses.Weallknowthebyproductofincompletecombustion,right?Carbon
Monoxide.Andwhileopenoverheaddoors,ventilation,andlargespacesmayhelpmitigatetheamountofcarbonmonoxideyouremployeesareexposedto,whatabo
uttheemployeewhotakesthatforkliftintothebackofatruckandleavesitrunningwhiletheysecuretheload?Ifyouneedtousethistypeofforklift,you’
llprobablywanttoensureyouhavetheproperscrubbersontheexhaust,trainyouremployeestorecognizesignsofcarbonmonoxideexp
osure,andprohibitrunningtheengineintrailersorotherconfinedareas.与叉车使用相关的最大危害不一定总是来自叉车本身。仓库中的叉车如何提供动力?丙烷?电动?柴油机?您的选择背后有多种原因,但请注意,每个因
素都会构成您必须考虑的危险。对于大多数室内使用而言,柴油,汽油或任何其他内燃可能是一个不好的选择。我们都知道燃烧不完全的副产物,对吗?一氧化碳。而且,虽然敞开的高架门,通风和宽敞的空间可能有助于减轻员工接触到的一氧化碳的数量,但是将叉车带入卡车后部并在确保负载的状态下运行
的员工又如何呢?如果您需要使用这种类型的叉车,则可能要确保排气管上有合适的洗涤器,对员工进行培训以识别一氧化碳暴露的迹象,并禁止在拖车或其他密闭区域内操作发动机。LPGorpropaneburncleaner,butposetheirownhazards,fla
mmabilityandskinexposureamongthem.PropaneandLPGareflammableand,beingheavierthanair,willseepalongtheflooruntilpossi
blyfindinganignitionsource,ratherthandisperseupintotheair.Precautionsneedtobetakennotjustduringtheiruse,but
alsointheareainwhichyou’restoringthemtoensureyouhaveproperfirefightingmethodsavailable.液化石油气或丙烷燃烧清洁剂,但它们自身构成危害,易燃性和皮肤接触。丙烷和液化石油气易燃,比空气重,会沿着地板渗透
,直到可能找到点火源,而不是扩散到空气中。不仅要在使用过程中采取预防措施,还应在存放它们的区域中采取预防措施,以确保有适当的灭火方法可用。Sowithallthehazardsthatthosefuelscreate,whynotjustgoelectric?Kee
pitsimple,right?Nofumestoworryabout.But,therealityis,ofcourse,thatelectricforkliftshavetheirownsetofissues.Nowyouhavetoworryaboutcharging
stations,ventilationofthosestations,eyewashstations,trainingyourpeopletoproperlyhandlethebatteriesandmore.那么,既然这些燃料会产生所有危害,为什么不直接使用电动
呢?保持简单吧?不用担心烟雾。但是,事实上,电动叉车当然有其自身的问题。现在,您必须担心充电站,这些站的通风,洗眼站,培训人员正确处理电池等问题。Unlessyou’reusingmanuallifts,you’regoin
gtohavefuel-relatedhazardsandyou’regoingtohavetotrainyourpeopleonthosehazardsandhowtoworksafely.除非您使用手动叉车,否则将有与燃油相关的危险,并且必
须对人员进行有关这些危险以及如何安全工作的培训。ClassifiedAreas限制区域Ifyouhaveareasinyourwarehousethatareclassifiedashazardouslocations,
youneedtoensurethatyourforkliftisdesignedtobeoperatedinthatarea.29CFR1910.178(b)and(c)designate11forkliftclassifications
andalistingofclassifiedlocationsinwhicheachtypeofliftcanbeused.如果您的仓库中有被分类为危险区域的区域,则需要确保叉车设计为可以在该区域中操作。29CFR1910.178(b)和(c)指定11种叉车分类以及列出可以使
用每种类型的举升机的分类位置列表。Inspect,Inspect,Inspect检查、检查、检查Justlikeanyotherpieceofequipment,forkliftsneedtobeinspectedprio
rtouse.Howarethetires?Isthereaproperlychargedfireextinguisher?Doallofthecontrolsworkproperly?Doyourblinkersandhornfunctionproperly?Areyourmirrorsi
nplace?Arethereanyleaks?与其他设备一样,叉车在使用前也需要进行检查。轮胎怎么样?是否有正确充电的灭火器?所有控件是否正常工作?指示灯和喇叭是否正常工作?你的镜子到位了吗?有泄漏吗?Butinspectionsarenotjustlimitedtotheequ
ipmentitself.Whatabouttheconditionsofthewarehouseyou’reworkingin?Isthefloorlevel?Arethereanyoverheadobstaclesyouneedtobeconcernedwith?Aretherean
yrampsyouwillhavetotraverse?Pipeleaks,leaksfromothermachines,oranyotherspillthatcouldcauseaproblemforyou?但是检查不仅限于设备本身。您在仓库中的地面条件如何?您是否需要考虑
任何顶部搞定方面的障碍?您是否需要穿越任何坡道?管道泄漏,其他机器的泄漏或任何其他可能对您造成问题的泄漏?Anddon’tforgettrailers.Ifyou’reabouttoloadorunloadatru
ck,youhavemoreinspectionstodo.Isthefloorofthetrailercapableofsupportingtheweightoftheliftandload?Isitingoodcondition?Arethewheelschockedoristhetrail
erotherwisesecured?而且不要忘记拖车车厢。如果您要装卸卡车,则需要进行更多检查。拖车的地板是否能够支撑电梯的重量和负载?它状况良好吗?车轮是否被塞住或拖车是否已固定?Nevertakeforgrantedthatsomebodyelsehaschecked
thethingsthatyoursafetyandwell-beingdependon.Inspect,inspect,inspect.切勿以为别人检查了您的安全和福祉所依赖的事物。检查,检查,检查。Conclusion结论Thereisnolackofdangerinawarehouse.Fo
rkliftswillalwaysposesomedangertowarehouseworkers,butthatdangercanbeexponentiallyincreasediftheliftisn’tbeingoperatedproperly.Trainyourope
ratorshowtosafelyhandlethemachinesandtrainyourpeopleonthefloorhowtobehavearoundlifts.Ifeveryoneworksto
gether,everyonegoeshomesafeattheendoftheshift.仓库中不乏危险。叉车总是会对仓库工人造成一定的危险,但是如果叉车操作不当,这种危险会成倍增加。培训您的操作员如何安全操作机器,并培训您的人员如何在
叉车周围工作。如果每个人都在一起致力于安全作业,则在工作结束时每个人都可以安全回家。