【文档说明】自考英语二复习精要.doc，共(63)页，292.500 KB，由小魏子文库上传

转载请保留链接：https://www.ichengzhen.cn/view-180055.html

以下为本文档部分文字说明：

1英语二复习精要UNIT11、wordstudyobjective,accompany,argue,define错误!未找到引用源。objectivea.错误!未找到引用源。客观的，真实的。错误!未找到引用源。如实的，无偏见的。Wehavetoaccepttheobjectiver

ealityasitis.我们必须接受客观事实。Theliterarycriticsshouldbeasobjectiveaspossibleinanalysisandjudgement.文学批评家在分析和评价时应尽量不偏不倚。n.目

标，目的。PeopleworkhardtocarryouttheeconomicobjectivesoftheNinthFive-YearPlan.人们为了实现第九个五年规划的经济目标而努力工作。Myobj

ectiveforthepresentistopasstheoralexam.我目前的目标是通过口试。错误!未找到引用源。accompanyvt./vi.1、伴随，陪同；2、为。。。伴奏Thesingerwasaccompaniedonthep

ianobyhispupil.演唱者由他的学生担任钢琴伴奏。Thelonelyoldmanisaccompaniedbyhisdog.这位孤独的老人让他的狗作伴。Allordersmustbeacco

mpaniedwithcash.所有的订货单必须随附现金。错误!未找到引用源。arguevt./vi.争辩，争论，辩论作不及物动词用时，后边可以接with,about或over，for（赞成）或again

st（反对）。Sheisalwaysreadytoargueoverthesmallestissues.她总喜欢为极小的问题进行争论。HeoftenarguesphilosophywithJames.他常和詹姆斯讨论哲学。Hearguedf

orimmediateaction.他主张立即行动。Theyarguedagainstsuchapolicy.他们反对这种政策。vt.1、说服；2、用辩论说服argueinto（outof）doingsth..说服某人做（不做）某事。Iarguedhimoutofgo

ingonsuchadangerousjourney.我说服他不做这样危险的旅行。Hearguedthatmanwasdescendedfromapes.他论证人类的祖先是猿。错误!未找到引用源。definevt.1、解释，给。。。下定义；2、限定，规定。2Wor

kisdefinedastheproductofaforceandthedistancethroughwhichitspointofapplicationmovesinthedirectionoftheforce.功的定义是力和力的着力点沿力的方向移动的距离的乘积。Hehasdef

inedhispositionontheissues.他已表明自己在这些问题上的立场。2、常考句型1、决策是在现有的可选做法中所做的选择。P1Adecisionisachoicemadefromamongalternativecoursesofactionthatareavailabl

e.2、管理者经常必须对未来的情况下做出最佳的猜测，尽量不存侥幸。P2Oftenmanagersmustmakeabestguessatwhatthefuturewillbeandtrytoleaveas

littleaspossibletochance.3、如果没有选择，就无决策可言。P3Ifthereisnochoice,thereisnodecisiontobemade.4、对于管理者而言，每次决策都受到政策、程序、法律、惯例等待因素的制约。P3Formanagers,

everydecisionhasconstraintsbasedonpolicies,procedures,laws,precedents,andthelike.5、例如，管理者有时以非此即彼的方式来处理问题。P4Forexample,managerssome

timestreatproblemsinaneither/orfashion.6、决策者们必须有办法决定数个可选项中的哪一个是最好的---哪一个对组织目标的实现起作用最大。P6Decisionmakersmusthave

somewayofdeterminingwhichofseveralalternativesisbest—thatis,whichcontributesthemosttotheachievementoforganiza

tionalgoals.7、就更大的系统来说，增加研究经费以便改进产品，对该组织更有益。P6Inthelargerschemeofthings,however,increasedfundingforr

esearchtoimprovetheproductsmightbemorebeneficialtotheorganization.8、有些目标比另一些目标更重要，但其排序和重要性则因人和部门而异。P7Someoftheseobjectivesaremore

importantthanothers,buttheorderanddegreeofimportanceoftenvaryformpersontopersonandfromdepartmenttodepartment.3、习题1.单词英译汉goal,obj

ective,accomplish,predict,accompany,implement,tendency,achievement,argue,budget,define,entity,2.词组英译汉intheway,i

npart,pointofview,contributeto,toapplyfor,inhand,toturndown3.句子英译汉与常考句型相同。4.TextA汉译英决策者应该能够对将来作出最好的推测。Decision

makersshouldbeabletomakeabestguessatwhatthefuturewillbe.有人认为经理们所作的一切均与决策有关。Somepeoplebelievealmosteverythi

ngamanagerdoesinvolvesdecision.没有正确的选择就没有正确的决定。Ifthereisnoproperchoice,thereisnoproperdecision.3不同的人对同样的问题有不同的看法，所以解决的办法也不同。Differentpeoplehavediff

erentideasaboutthesameproblem;theirsolutionstotheproblemare,therefore,alsodifferent.决策者往往是公司业务发展的关键。Decisionmakersoftenp

laythekeyroleinthedevelopmentofthebusinessofacompany.Decisionmakersareusuallykeypeoplewhodeterminethecomp

any'sbusinessdevelopment.4、历年试题1.Almosteverythingamanagerdoes_______(involve)decisions,indeed,somesuggestthatthemanagem

entprocessisdecisionmaking.(99.4)。答案是involves.考点:involve为谓语动词，应该用一般现在时。2.Ifthereisnochoice,thereisnodecision_______(make)

.(99.4)答案是tobemade。考点：tobemade是动词不定式作定语修饰decision.3.Ifyouarenow_____yourthirties,youcanexpecttolivenearlyonethi

rdoftherestofyourlifeaftertheageof60.(99.4)A.inB.atC.betweenD.among答案是A.4.Almosteverythingamanagerdoes_____decisions;indeed,somesugg

estthatthemanagementprocessisdecisionmaking.(00.4)A.imposesB.improviseC.involvesD.indicates答案为C.5.When

______(present)withacommoncase,salesmanagerstendtoseesalesproblemsandproductionmanagersseeproductionpr

oblems.答案为presented.考点：present是过去分词作状语。6.Anorganizationisagroupofpeople,andadecision_____(make)todaymayhaveconsequencesfarintothefuture.答案是made.考点

：make是过去分词作定语，修饰decision.7.汉译英：通常管理者必须对未来的情况作出最佳的预测。答案：Oftenmanagersmustmakeabestguessatwhatthefuturewillbe.41.决策的目的是为了实现组织的

目标。答：Thepurposeofmakingadecisionistoachieveorganizationalgoals.2.决策过程对经营管理至关重要。答：Thedecision-makingprocessisfundamentaltobu

sinessmanagement.3.经理所做的任何事情几乎都与决策有关。答：Almosteverythingamanagerdoesinvolvesdecision-making.4.虽然我们不能预见未来，但应

当尽量减少偶然性发生。答：Althoughwecannotpredictthefuture,wemusttrytleaveaslittleaspossibletochance.5.不同的管理者对同一问

题的解释不同。答：Differentmanagerdefinethesameproblemindifferentterms.UNIT21、wordstudyexert,collapse,lauch,operate错误!未找到引用源。exertvt

.尽（力）；发挥（威力等）；施加（压力等）；产生（影响等）；行使（职权等）Hehasexertedallhisstrengthtoattainhisgoal.他已尽了全力以达到自己的目标。Hehasbeenexertingalotofpressureonm

etochangemymind.他一直在施加种种压力要我改变主意。Theseprinciplesexertedgreatinfluenceuponthecourseoftherevolution.这些原则对革命进程产生了很大的影响。错误!未

找到引用源。collapsen.1、倒塌，崩溃，瓦解；2、（健康等）垮掉，（因精疲力竭等原因）倒下Thestormcausedthecollapseofthewoodenshelter.暴风雨使这个避风雨的木

棚倒塌了。Hesufferedfromanervouscollapse.他的精神崩溃了。Thecollapseofthegovernmentleftthecountryinconfusion.政府的倒台使全国陷入混乱之中。v

i.倒塌，崩溃Theroofcollapsedundertheweightofthesnow.5屋顶被雪压塌了。Thenegotiationscollapsedafterseveralmeetings.会谈了几次之后，谈判破裂了。Inthelastweeksofthewars

hecollapsedfromlongimprisonment.在战争的最后几个星期里她的身体因长期监禁而垮掉了。错误!未找到引用源。lauchvt1、发射，投射；2、使（船）下水Thesatellitewaslaunchedinarocket.这颗卫星是由火箭发射的。

Thehunterlaunchedaspearatthewolf.猎人把矛向狼掷去。Anewshiphasbeensuccessfullylaunched.一条新船已成功地下水。vt./vi.发动，发起（运动等）launchoutinto开始，着手进行Our

armylaunchedanattackontheenemy.我们的军队向敌人发起猛攻。Thepolicelaunchedaninvestigationintothecase.警察对此案开展了调查。Theresearchgrouplaunchedo

utintoaseriesofnewexperiment.研究小组着手进行了一系列新的实验。错误!未找到引用源。operatevi.1、运转，起作用；2、动手术（on,upon）Theelevatoroperate

ssmoothly.电梯运行顺利。Themedicinegraduallyoperated.药物逐渐奏效了。Thedoctoroperatedontheneckofthepatient.医生给病人的颈部动手术。v

t.1、操作，操纵，经营；2、对。。。动手术Thisairlineoperatesfivemainlinesanddozensofbranchlines.这家航空公司经营五条主干线和十几条支线。Doyouknowhowtooperatethem

achine?你知道怎么开这台机器吗？Thedoctoroperatedthepatientontheneck.医生给病人的颈部动手术。Hewasoperatedonforlungcancer.他因肺癌动了手术。2、常考句型1、天文学家和科学家认为黑洞是一种空间区，物质可以掉进黑洞但

任何物质不能逃脱。P1Astronomersandscientiststhinkthatablackholeisaregionofspaceintowhichmatterhasfallenandfromwhichnot

hingcanescape.62、理论上是这样的：当某些星体的密度增大到某一特定点时便发生爆炸。P2Thetheoryisthatsomestarsexplodewhentheirdensityinc

reasestoaparticularpoint.3、有人认为圣诞星可能是一颗超新星。P2SomepeoplethinkthattheStartofBethlehemcouldhavebeenasupernova.4、假定一个人掉进黑洞，他会认为很快就能到达黑洞中心。P3Ifamanfellint

oablackhole,hewouldthinkthathereachedthecenterofitveryquickly.5、只是在近几年天文学家才开始具体研究黑洞。P3Itisonlyrecentlythatastronomershavebegun

specificresearchintoblackholes.6、另一方面，科学家们也在设想，由于有非常先进的技术，人们也许能在将来利用黑洞为人类服务。P5Ontheotherhand,scientistshavesu

ggestedthateveryadvancedtechnologycouldonedaymakeuseoftheenergyofblackholesformankind.3、习题Unit2练习：1.词汇英译汉：escape,explode,coll

apse,shrink,gravity,measurement,basis,launch,convincing,companion,speculation,swallow,operate,tomakeuseof,agreatmany,

aboveall2.句子英译汉：1)~6)与常考句型相同。7)Theremightbeamassiveblackholeatthecenterofourgalaxyswallowingupstarsat

averyrapidrate.8)Theyshowusaworldwhichoperatesinatotallydifferentwayfromourownandtheyquestionourmost

basicexperienceofspaceandtime.3句子汉译英黑洞是什么，天文学家还没有完全解决这个问题。Astronomershavenotyetfullysolvedtheproblemofwhatablackholeis.据说黑洞可以将其周围的一切物体，如星

星吞食掉。Itissaidthatblackholesareabletoswallowupalltheobjectsaroundthem,suchasstars.对黑洞的研究刚刚开始，各种各样的假说层出不穷。Theresear

chofblackholesisjustbeginningandspeculationaboutthemareendless.科学家仍不能说出黑洞内发生了什么。Scientistsstillcannottellwhathappensinsideab

lackhole.Itisstillimpossibleforscientiststotellwhathappensinsideablackhole.如果我们认识了黑洞，黑洞就不那么可怕了。Ifweunderstoodbl

ackholes,theywouldnotbesofearful.Blackholeswillnotbesofearfulifwegettoknowthem.单元课后练习Ⅰ.WordSpelling1.密度n.density________2.（使）倒塌，（使）崩溃v.collapse___

_____3.边界线，边界n.boundary________4.永恒的，经久不变的a.c________5.基础，根据n.b________76.发射，发动v.l________7.双胞胎之一a.t________8.同伴

，同事n.c________9.人类n.m________10.推测，猜测n.s________11.吞v.s________12.不充分的a.i________13.物质n.m________14.情

况，环境a.c________15.发生，出现v.o________16.强烈的a.i________17.证据n.e________18.看不见的a.i________19.宇航员n.a________20.热带的a.t________Ⅱ.WordForm1.Superno

vae____(report)byastronomersintheseventeenthandeighteenthcenturies.2.Imaginetheearthreducedtothesizeofamarb

le,butstill____(have)thesamemass,andyouhavesomeideaoftheforceofablackhole.3.Ifone____(make)ajourneyovertheContinentso

newouldfindeverykindofsurfaceincludingmountainranges,plains,andemptyareascoveredpermanentlybyiceandsnow

.4.Andastronomersareplanninganewobservatorytostudytheindividualexplodingstars____(believe)tobeblackholes.5.Matterfromt

heonewhichwecansee____(pull)towardsthecompanionstar.6.Theremightbeamassiveblackholeatthecentreofourgalaxy____(swallow)upstarsataveryrapi

drate.7.Themost____(convince)evidenceofblackholescomesfromresearchintobinarystarsystems.8.Theyshowusawo

rldwhichoperatesina____(total)differentwayfromourown.9.Thesurfaceofsomeareas____(consist)largelyofhighmountainsanddeepvalleys.10.Ourworldist

hehomeofaverygreatmanydifferentpeople-peopleswithdifferent____(colour)skins.Ⅲ.VocabularyandStructure1.Astronomersandscientis

tsthinkthatablackholeisaregionofspace(notathing)____whichmatterhasfallenand____whichnothingcanescape-notevenlight.[A]intointo[

B]intofrom[C]frominto[D]fromfrom2.Thisprocessofshrinkingmaybesointense____ablackholeresults.[A]whether[B]what[C]which

[D]that3.Binarystars,____theirnamesuggests,aretwinstarswhosepositioninspaceaffectseachother.[A]as[B]that[C]what[D]if4.Insomebinarysystems,astr

onomershaveshownthatthereisaninvisiblecompanionstar,a'partner'to____whichwecanseeinthesky.[A]theone[B]that[C]theones[D]tho

se5.Ontheotherhand,scientistshavesuggestedthatveryadvancedtechnologycouldoneday____the8energyofblackholesformank

ind.[A]makefunof[B]makesureof[C]makeuseof[D]makesenseof6.Astronomershaveevidenceofafewotherstarstoo,

whichmighthaveblackholesas____.[A]companies[B]comparisons[C]compounds[D]companions7.Theearthisoneofnineplanetswhichmovein____roundthesun.

[A]track[B]orbit[C]tour[D]route8.InAugust1977,asatellitewas____togatherdataabouttheblackholesintheMilkyway.[A]posted[B]delivered

[C]launched[D]transmitted9.Thetermswewouldnormallyusetodescribeascientificphenomenonare____here.[A]inadequ

ate[B]invisible[C]intense[D]individual10.Weknownothingabouteventswhichhappenonceobjectspassthisboundary,But____,matterm

ustbehaveverydifferentlyinsidethehole.[A]inaddition[B]inperson[C]indetail[D]intheoryⅣ.C-ETranslation1.这个收缩的过程如此强烈，以至于黑洞产生了。2.直到最近天文学家

们才开始研究黑洞。3.但是从理论上说，物质在黑洞里的行为一定非常不同。4.黑洞最强有力的证据来自对双星系的研究。5.有一天也许人类也会遭此命运。单元自测答案Unit2Ⅰ.WordSpelling1.density2.collapse3.boundary4.constant5.basi

s6.launch7.twin8.companion9.mankind10.speculation11.swallow12.inadequate13.matter14.circumstance15.occur16.intense17.evidence18.invisible19.ast

ronaut20.tropicalⅡ.WordForm1.werereported2.having3.made4.believed5.isbeingpulled6.swallowing7.convincing8.totally9.

consists10.colouredⅢ.VocabularyandStructure1.B2.D3.A4.A5.C6.D7.B8.C9.A10.DⅣ.C-ETranslation91.Thisprocessofshrinkingissoi

ntensethatablackholeresults.2.Itisonlyrecently/Itisnotuntilrecentlythatastronomershavebegunspecificresearchintoblackh

oles.3.Butintheory,mattermustbehaveverydifferently/inaverydifferentmannerinsidetheblackhole.4.Themostconvincingevidenceofblackholescomesfromr

esearchintobinarystarsystems.5.Mankindmayonedaymeetthisfate.4、历年试题1.星体的密度增大到一定程度时就会发生爆炸。答：Thestarwillexplodewhenitsdensityincreasestoso

meextent.2.你能想象黑洞的引力有多大吗？答：Canyouimaginehowstrongthegravitationalpullofablackholeis?3.假如有人掉进黑洞，他会认为很快能到达黑洞的中心。答：If

amanfellintoablackhole,hewouldthinkthathereachedthecenterofitveryquickly.4.早在17世纪天文学家便对超新星有过报道。答：Supernovaewerereportedbyastronomersasea

rlyasintheseventeenthcentury.5.他已尽了全力以达到自己的目标。答：Hehasexertedallhisstrengthtoattainhisgoal.UNIT31、words

tudyrequest,ensure,oppose,burden,openup错误!未找到引用源。requestn./vt.请求，要求request后面接for，表示要求的对象；“根据要求”为by(或on)request；“应。。。之要求”

则为atsb’srequest。Hemadearequestforimmediatehelp.他要求立即给予帮助。Minibusesstopbyrequest.小公共汽车招手即停。Instructionswillbesentimmediatelyon(upon)

request.说明将按要求立即寄出。10Thesingergaveonemoresongatourrequest.歌唱家在我们的要求下又唱了一首歌。Yoursilenceisrequested.请勿说话。错误!未找到引用源。ensurevt.保证，担保

ensure后面接against或from，表示“保证。。。免于。。。”；后面接to或for，则表示“保证。。。具有。。。”。Wecanensurethattheworkwillbedoneintherightway.我们可以保证把工作做好。The

policecanensurethewitnessagainst(或from)danger.警察能保证证人免受危险。Thismeasureensureto(或for)usavoiceinthematter.这项措施使我们在这件事上具有发言权。错误!未找到引用源。opposevt.1、反对，

反抗；2、使相对，使对抗（to）Manypeopleopposedbuildinganewhighwaybecauseofthegreatcost.由于代价过于高昂，许多人都反对修一条新公路。Tothediff

icultiessheopposedawillofiron.她用钢铁般的意志对待困难。Whathesaidwastotallyopposedtothefacts.他说的与事实完全相反。Wearefirmlyopposedtothisd

irtypoliticaldeal.我们坚决反对这场肮脏的政治交易。错误!未找到引用源。burdenn.1、担子，负担；2、责任，义务Sheborethewholeburdenofraisingtwochildren.她一个人负起抚养两个孩子的全部责任。Theburdenofrunningt

hefactoryistooheavyforhisfailinghealth.管理这家工厂的重担对他日益恶化的健康来说是太重了。vt.使负重担；麻烦，劳累Themotherwasburdenwithworries.妈妈忧心忡忡。Studentsareheavilyb

urdenedwithhomeassignments.学生家庭作业负担过重。错误!未找到引用源。openup1、打开；2、开办，开辟，开发；3、坦诚地或无拘无束地谈话Theyopeneduphisstomachtogetatthesourceofthetrouble.他们给他的胃

开了刀，以找出病根。Theyopenedupamineintheremoteareas.他们在那个偏远地区开了矿。Theydecidedtoopenupabusinessinthetown.他们决定在城里开一家店。Thegirldecidedtoopenupandtellusever

ything.11这个女孩决定坦诚地告诉我们一切。2、常考句型1、范万德尔重病在身，再也不能说清楚话，他知道他没有康复的希望，身体状况正在急剧恶化。P2Affectedwithaseriousdisease,vanW

endalwasnolongerabletospeakclearlyandheknewtherewasnohopeofrecoveryandthathisconditionwasrapidlydeteriorati

ng.2、在让自己的医生注射最后结束生命的那一针之前，范万德尔生命中的最后三个月被拍摄了下来，去年在荷兰电视上首次播出。P3VanWendel’slastthreemonthsoflifebeforebeinggivenafinal,

lethalinjectionbyhisdoctorwerefilmedandfirstshownontelevisionlastyearintheNetherlands.3、从那时开始，已有20多个国家买下了这个节目，每次播放都引起了对这一话题的全国性大辩论。P3Th

eprogrammehassincebeenboughtby20countriesandeachtimeitisshown,itstartsanationwidedebateonthesubject.4、那些反对安乐死的人实际在告诉我，临终者没有这个权利。P

9Whatthosepeoplewhoopposeeuthanasiaaretellingmeisthatdyingpeoplehaven’ttheright.3、习题1.词汇英译汉.weaken.deteriorate.debat

e.legal.request.criterion.ensure.opposetraditionconsiderationdisabled.burdenvulnerableprohibitionsensitiv

e词组：.todebateon.tomakerequestforbeopposedto.totake…intoaccount2.句子英译汉（重点句）Affectedwithaseriousdisease,vanWendalwasnolongerab

letospeakclearlyandheknewtherewasnohopeofrecoveryandthathisconditionwasrapidlydeteriorating.VanWendel’slastthreemonthsoflifebeforebe

inggivenafinal,lethalinjectionbyhisdoctorwerefilmedandfirstshownontelevisionlastyearintheNetherlands.Theprogrammehas

sincebeenboughtby20countriesandeachtimeitisshown,itstartsanationwidedebateonthesubject.Whatthosepeoplewhoopposeeuthanas

iaaretellingmeisthatdyingpeoplehaven’ttheright.Theguidelinesdemandthatthepatientisexperiencingextremesuf

fering,thatthereisnochanceofacure,andthatthepatienthasmaderepeatedrequestsforeuthanasia.Ithinkthatanythingtha

tlegallyallowstheshorteningoflifedoesmakethosepeoplemorevulnerable.3.句子汉译英P.59安乐死的确能解除临终病人的痛苦。Euthanasiac

anreallyhelpridthedyingpatientsofextremesuffering.Euthanasiadoesreleasethedyingpeoplefromtheirsuffering.你知道不知道荷兰是欧洲唯一允许

安乐死的国家?DoyouknowthattheNetherlandsistheonlycountryinEuropethatpermitseuthanasia?支持这一观点的医生并不意味着他们不关心病人。Thosedoctors

whosupporttheideanevermeantheydon’tcareabout/forpatients.在第一个医生诊断疾病之后，必须由另外一名医生确认病情。Afterthefirstdoctorhasdiagnosedtheillness,asecondd

octormustconfirmthecase.12反对者认为病人并不一定真正希望结束生命，可能请求之后另有他求。Opponentsthinkpatientsmaynotreallywanttoendtheirlives,andprobablythereisanother

requestbehindtherequest.4、历年试题1.Thefilm______（show）CeesVanWendel’sdeathwasbothmovingandsensitive.（99.10）答案：showing.考点：show

ing是现在分词作定语修饰thefilm.2.EachtimetheprogrammerofVanWendal’slastdaysbeforeeuthanasiawasshowedonTV,itstartsanationwidedebate______thesubject.（9

9.10）A.forB.againstC.onD.of答案：C.考点：词组debateon对…的争论。3.汉译英：每次播放这个节目，都引起对此话题的全国性大辩论。（99.10）答案：Eachtimeitisshown,t

hisprogramstartsanationwidedebateonthesubject.4.汉译英：据说那个病人曾要求医生助他一死。（00.10）答案：Thepatientissaidtohaveas

kedthedoctortohelphimdie.（或者：Itissaidthatthepatienthasaskedthedoctortohelphimdie.）UNIT41、wordstudyexploit,campaig

n,execute,deserve,status,bringover错误!未找到引用源。exploitvt.1、开发，开采；2、利用；3、剥削Amineisexploitedforitsminertals.开发矿山是为了采矿。Thestuden

texploitseverypossibilitytolearnEnglish.这个学生利用一切可能性学英语。Thecompanyexploiteditsworkerswithlonghoursandlowpay.该公司用长工时、低工资的方法来剥削工人。错误

!未找到引用源。campaignn.1、战役；2、运动，参选运动TheHuai-HaiCampaignwasessentialtothevictoryoftheWarofLiberation.淮海战役对解放战争的胜利至关重要。Ourcountryislaunchingacampaigna

gainstwaste.我们国家正在开展反浪费运动。Hispresidentialcampaignsucceededandhewontheelection.总统竞选运动取得成功，他当选了。vi.参加运动，参加竞选活动Theywerecampaigningtokeep

thelocalschoolopen.他们为使当地学校不致关闭而奔走活动。Thecandidatesforpresidentcampaignedbysendingoutletterstovotersa

ndspeakingatpublic13meeting.总统候选人通过向选民发信和群众集会上讲演来竞选。vt.使。。。参加运动；对。。。进行活动Joaniscampaigningthegovernmentforequalrightsforwomen.琼

对政府进行活动，要求给予妇女同等权利。错误!未找到引用源。executevt.1、实行，执行，完成，贯彻；2、将。。。处死Allorderswereimmediatelyexecuted.所有的命令都立即执行了。Yourorderwillbeexecutedas

earlyaspossible.你的命令将尽早执行。Thepianistexecutedthepieceofmusicperfectly.这位钢琴家把这首曲子演奏得完美极了。Thecriminalwasexecutedafterthetrial.审判后罪犯即被处死。错误!

未找到引用源。deservevt.应受，值得（宾语可用名词，动词或动词不定式）Hecertainlydeservespraise.他的确应受表扬。Ourbanddeservesrankingwiththebes

tinthiscountry.我们的乐队在国内当之无愧属于一流。Hedeservestobesenttoprison.他应该被送去坐牢。由deserve变成的形容词deserving后边用介词of。The

robberisdeservingofcapitalpunishment.这个强盗应处极刑。Theoldmanwasreallydeservingofpity.那个老人家实在值得可怜。错误!未找到引用源。statusn.1、情形，状况；2、地位，身份Weshouldbealwaysawar

eofthestatusofworldaffairs.我们应该时刻关注世界形势。Nonewillquestionhisstatusasascholar.没有人会怀疑他的学者身份。Weshouldraisethestatusofwomeninsociety.我们应该提高妇女的社会地位。错误

!未找到引用源。bringover1、把。。。带来；2、使转变Nextsummerhehopestobringhisfamilyoverfromtheunitedstates.他希望明年夏天把家属从美国带来。Myfatherisalwaystryingtobringmeo

vertohiswayofthinking.我的父亲总想使我接受他的思想方法。2、重点句型141、据估计，有20000多海外来的家庭佣人在英国工作。P1Thereareestimatedtobemorethan20,000overseasdomesticservantsworkinginBrita

in.Therebe表"存在"的句型。2、在这20000人中，将近2000人正受着她们的雇主的剥削和虐待。P1Ofthese20,000,justunder2000arebeingexploitedandabusedbythei

remployers.3、在今年早些时候的几个广为报道的事例中，全世界女佣的悲惨处境得到新闻媒体的很大关注。P3Thesadconditionofwomenworkingasdomesticsaroundtheworldrecei

vedmuchmediaattentionearlierthisyearinseveralhighlypublicizedcases.4、一名菲律宾女佣因被指控犯有谋杀罪而在新加坡遭处决，尽管各地都抗议说她的犯罪事实不能充分确定。P3

AFilipinomaidwasexecutedinSingaporeafterbeingconvictedofmurder,despiteprotestsformvariousquartersthatherguilthadnotbeenadequately

established.5、她曾在斯里兰卡一家茶厂挣一份十分微薄的工资。P5SheusedtoworkforaverylowwageatateafactoryinSriLanka.6、因为她发现很难养活自己的4个孩子，所

以接受了一件在伦敦当佣人的工作。P5Becauseshefounditdifficulttofeedherfourchildren,sheacceptedajobworkingasadomesticinLondon.7、因此如果她们提出申诉，她们就有被

驱逐出境的危险。Soiftheydocomplain,theyriskbeingdeported.3、习题1.单词英译汉domestic，statistic，diplomat，exploit，campaign，execute，con

vict，despite，deserving，shelf，minimum，status，deport，2.句子英译汉（1）Thereareestimatedtobemorethan20,000overseasdomesticse

rvantsworkinginBritain.（2）Ofthese20,000,justunder2,000arebeingexploitedandabusedbytheiremployers.（3）Thesa

dconditionofwomenworkingasdomesticsaroundtheworldreceivedmuchmediaattentionearlierthisyearinseveralhighlyp

ublicizedcases.（4）AFilipinomaidwasexecutedinSingaporeafterbeingconvictedofmurder,despiteprotestsformvariousquarterstha

therguilthadnotbeenadequatelyestablished.（5）SheusedtoworkforaverylowwageatateafactoryinSriLanka.（6）Becauseshefoundit

difficulttofeedherfourchildren,sheacceptedajobworkingasadomesticinLondon.（7）Soiftheydocomplain,theyriskbeingdeported.（8）Thisin

cludedincreasingtheminimumageofemployeesto18,gettingemployeestoreadandunderstandanadviceleaflet,gettin

gemployerstoagreetoprovideadequatemaintenanceandconditions,andtoputinwritingthemaintermsandconditionsofthejob(ofwhichth

eemployeesshouldseeacopy).（9）Forthemainproblemfacingoverseasmaidsanddomesticswhotrytocomplainaboutcruellivingandworkingconditionsi

sthattheydonothaveindependentimmigrantstatusandsocannotchangeemployer.15（10）Itis,theysay,therighttochangeemployerswhich

distinguishesemploymentfromslavery.3.句子汉译英（1）处理有关事务的政府部门没有做统计。Thegovernmentdepartmentthatdealswithrelevantaffairsdoesnotkeepsta

tistics.（2）正因为她无法养家才同意做家仆。Itwasbecauseshefounditdifficulttofeedherfamilythatsheacceptedajobworkingasadomestic.（3）她是一名沙特外交官直接从菲律宾雇到伦敦来工作的。S

hewashiredbyaSaudidiplomatdirectlyfromthePhilippinestoworkinLondon.（4）家仆的工作状况得到了新闻媒介的关注。Theconditionsofw

orkingasdomesticshavereceivedmediaattention.（5）雇主们总是威胁要把我们遣送回国。Theemployersalwaysthreatenedtosendusbacktoourcoun

tries.4、历年试题1.Whentheygetoutofprison,they____(increase)theleveloftheircriminalbehavior.答案：willincrease.考点：时间状语从句中主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。从句谓语动词是ge

t一般现在时，所以从句用willincrease。2.Attheendof1994theBritishGovernmentintroducednewmeasuretohelp____domesticworkersfro

mabusebytheiremployers.A.protectB.suspectC.expectD.inspect答案是：A.考点是：protect…from保护…免受…3.________theirdifferences,theyfellpassionatelyi

nlovewitheachother.A.AsforB.OwingtoC.DespiteD.Through答案：C.考点：despite表示让步的关系。本句的意思是：尽管他们之间有分歧，但他们彼此深爱对方。Trans

lation1.许多家庭佣人受到雇主的剥削和虐待。答：Manydomesticservantsareexploitedandabusedbytheiremployers.2.自去年以来，女佣们的悲惨境况已受到媒体密切关注。16答：Thebadconditionofthewo

manservantshasreceivedmuchmediaattentionsincelastyear.3.他经常威胁我，说要将我遣送回国。答：Healwaysthreatenedthathewouldsendmebacktomycountry.4.她曾在一家茶

叶厂工作，工资很低。答：Sheusedtoworkforaverylowwageatateafactory.5.据估计有两万多名外国家佣在英国工作。答：Itisestimatedthattherearemorethan20,000overseasdomesticserv

antsworkinginBritain.UNIT51、wordstudytransformation,originate,penetrating,takeover,takeon错误!未找到引用源。transforma

tionn.1、变化，转化；2、改造，改革Hisbrainoperationcausedagreattransformationinhischaracter.脑手术大大改变了他的性格。Thetransformationofabackwardcountryintoanadvance

dcountryrequiresthepainstakingeffortsofseveralgenerations.将一个落后的国家改变为发达国家需要几代人的艰苦努力。Thesocialandpoliticaltransformatio

nofacountryisessentialtothedevelopmentofthesociety.一个国家的社会和政治改革对社会的发展非常重要。错误!未找到引用源。originatevi./vt.发源；发生，发起Alltheoriesoriginatefrom

practiceandinturnservepractice.所有的理论都来源于实践，并反过来为实践服务。Theuseofsteamoriginatedmanyotherreforms.蒸汽的使用引起了许多其它的革新。错误!未找到引用源。penetratin

ga.1、穿透的，贯穿的；2、深刻的，透彻的Theywalkedagainstthepenetratingwind.他们迎着刺骨的寒风行走。Herpenetratingvoicefrightenedthel

ittleboy.她刺耳的嗓子把小男孩吓坏了。Swift’sworksweremostpenetratingandpowerful.斯威夫特的作品极为深刻有力。错误!未找到引用源。takeover1、接管，接任；2、把。。。从一处运到另一处17Theyoungdoctorhast

akenoverdutiesoftheold.年轻医生已接替了老医生的工作。WhenMr.Greenretired,hissontookoverthebusinessfromhim.格林先生退休后，由他儿子接管他的生意。Mr.Browntookmeo

vertotheislandinhissteamboat.布朗先生用他的汽艇把我送到该岛。错误!未找到引用源。takeon1、具有，担任（工作等）；2、雇佣Thediseasetookonsomespecialcharacteristics.那种疾病具有一些特殊的特征。Hehastakenon

anewjob.他已承担了一项新工作。Theemployertakesontwentymoreworkers.那位雇主又雇佣了20名工人。2、重点句型1、新音乐是从已有的音乐中产生的。P1Thenewmusicwasbuiltoutofmaterial

salreadyinexistence.2、民间音乐，既有古老又有现代的，在大学生中颇为流行。P1Folkmusic,oldandmodern,waspopularamongcollegestudents.3、他们自由地吸收爵士乐、美国乡村音乐的成分。P2Theyfr

eelytookoverelementsfromjazz,fromAmericancountrymusic.4、在家里欣赏唱片的时候，听众尽力模仿照明效果。P4Withrecordsathome,listenersimitatedthese

lightingeffectsasbesttheycould.3、习题（一）单词、词组英译汉musicianrhythmicdistinctconsciousnessoriginatereadilyinstrumentelectronictherebypass

iveparticipanttotakeplacetotakeovertotakeoninasenseatastretchtoserveasinadvanceforthesakeof（二）英译汉1.Thene

wmusicwasbuiltoutofmaterialsalreadyinexistence.2.Folkmusic,oldandmodern,waspopularamongcollegestudents.3.Theyfr

eelytookoverelementsformjazz,fromAmericancountrymusic.4.Withrecordsathome,listenersimitatedtheselightingeffectsasbesttheycould.5.Inasense,menoft

hiskindbeginnotsomuchwithamusicalthemeaswithacompletedcomposition.6.MostcomposerssinceBeethoven'sdaybelongtot

hissecondtype.7.MenlikePalestrinaandBachbelonginthiscategory.（三）汉译英这一章是关于热能转化成动力的。Thechapterisaboutth

etransformationofheatintopower.一群人自发地聚集在事故现场。18Agroupofpeoplegottogetherspontaneouslyatthesceneoftheaccident.这次争吵是由误会引起的。Thequarreloriginatedfrom

amisunderstanding.1949年后，军队接管了这个城市。Thearmytookoverthiscityafter1949.为了你的健康，你不应该承担太繁重的工作。Foryourhealth,youshouldavo

idtakingontoomuchwork.4、历年试题1.Intheprocessofcomposition,itisn’teasytobeinspiredinaspontaneouswayforlongperiods____

__astretch..A.atB.forC.overD.in答案是a。考点：词组atastretch一口气，连续不断的2.汉译英新音乐是由业已存在的材料构建出来的。答案：Thenewmusicwasbui

ltoutofmaterialalreadyinexistence.3.汉译英：那时在大学生中流行的正是民间音乐。答案：Itwasfolkmusicthatwaspopularamongcollegestudentsatthatti

me.4.汉译英：不用说我们现在已不是生活在传统社会。答案：Itgoeswithoutsayingthatwearenotlivinginatraditionalsociety.1.新音乐起源于布鲁斯、

摇滚乐和民间音乐。答：Thenewmusicoriginatedfromblues,rockandrollandfolkmusic.2.民间音乐表现和平、友谊和希望。答：Folkmusicexpressespea

ce,friendshipandhope.3.他们已不再是被动的听众而是积极的参与者。答：Insteadofpassiveaudience,theyhavebecomeactiveparticipants.4.他们自由地从不同的音乐来源

中吸取元素。答：Theyfreelytookoverelementsformdiversemusicsources.195.新音乐采取多种形式，几乎具有无限的表现力。答：Thenewmusicmaytakeonvariousformsandbecapableofexpressin

ganalmostlimitlessrange.UNIT61、wordstudyspray,cast,expose,switch,critical错误!未找到引用源。sprayn.1、水花，浪花；2、喷雾，喷雾状物Thesprayofthewaterfallisverybeautiful

.瀑布的水花飞溅，非常漂亮。Asprayofbulletshitthetreebehindwhichhewashiding.一阵喷射的子弹打中了他藏身其后的那棵树。vt.喷，向。。。喷射，喷涂Fruittreesaresp

rayedregularly.果树应定期喷上杀虫剂。Thestudentssprayedquestionsattheteacher.学生们连珠炮似的向老师提出一个又一个问题。错误!未找到引用源。castvt.1、投，扔，抛，掷（at）；

2、投射（光，影，视线等）（on,at）；3、浇铸，铸造Theboycastastoneatthedog.那个男孩向那条狗扔了块石头。Hiswordscastanewlightontheproblem.他的话题使人们对这个问题有

了新的认识。Therobotcancaststeelafterbeingreprogrammed.在重新设定程序之后，机器人能浇铸钢材。n.1、投，掷；2、模具；3、演员（阵容）TheBeijingThea

treofPeople’sArthasaverystrongcast.北京人民艺术剧院有很强大的演员阵容。错误!未找到引用源。exposevt.1、使暴露，使面临；2、揭露，揭发Theworkswereexposedtoallkin

dsofweather.工人们经受风吹雨打。WeshouldbeawareofthedangersofexposingchildrentoviolenceonTV.我们应当意识到儿童接触有关暴力电视节目的危害。Hehasbeen

widelyexposedtothepubliconthetelevision.他经常在电视上向公众露面。Themistakesofthepastmustbeexposedwithoutanyreserve.对

以前的错误一定要毫无保留地揭发。错误!未找到引用源。switchn.1、开关，转换器；2、（思路、话题等的）转换Itistwo-wayswitch.这是个双向开关。20Hehasmadeaswitchofsupportfromonepoliticalpartytoanot

her.他已从支持一个政党转而支持另一个政党。vi.1、转换，改变（思路、话题等）；2、接通。。。电流（on），切断。。。电流（off）Weswitchedthediscussiontoanother

topic.我们换了一个讨论题目。Enteringtheroom,heswitchedthelighton.一进房间，他就把灯打开了。vt.转换，变换（switch(over)to）Heswitched(over)tomedicinean

dgraduatedin1980.他改学医科，于1980年毕业。错误!未找到引用源。criticala.1、批评（性）的，批评（性）的；2、对。。。表示谴责，对。。。感到不满的（of）；3、紧要的，关

键性的，危急的Heisamanwithacriticaleye.他是一个具有批判眼光的人。Ittakesyearstodevelopone’scriticalability.培养评论能力要很长时间。Theol

dmanwascriticaloftheboy’simpolitebehaviour.那个老人不满意男孩的不礼貌行为。Thepatient’sconditioniscritical.病人情况危急。2、重点句

型1、目前多数机器人用于汽车工业，它们按编制的程序承担轿车和卡车车身的焊接和喷漆这一类的工作。P2Mostoftoday'srobotsareemployedintheautomotiveindustry,wheretheyareprogramme

dtotakeoversuchjobsasweldingandspraypaintingautomobileandtruckbodies.2、机器人也开始在别的工业部门应用，虽然应用的程度低一些。P3Robots,alread

ytakingoverhumantasksintheautomotivefieldarebeginningtobeseen,althoughtoalesserdegree,inotherindustriesaswell.现在分词短语作定语3、在核电站使用的机器人处理放射性材料，避免人

员接触放射性物质。P3Therobotsusedinnuclearpowerplantshandletheradioactivematerials,preventinghumanpersonnelfrombeingexposedtoradiation.4、机器人于自动化机器不同之处在

于机器人完成某一特定任务后，可由计算机重新编制程序去完成另一项任务。P4Robotsdifferfromautomaticmachinesinthataftercompletionofonespeci

fictask,theycanbereprogrammedbyacomputertodoanotherone.5、在微电子和计算机技术上有专长的工程人员正研制机器人的人工视觉。P5Engineersskilledinmicroelectronicsandcomputertechn

ologyaredevelopingartificialvisionforrobots.6、机器人有了“看”的能力便能在一堆不同类物体中辨别和检查出某一特定类物体。P5Withtheabilityto"see",robotscanidentifyandinspectonesp

ecificclassofobjectsoutofastackofdifferentkindsofmaterials.to"see"：不定式作后置定语7、任何想要了解未来工业的人必须要了解机器人。P7Anyonewantingtounderstandth

eindustryofthefuturewillhavetoknowaboutrobotics.213、习题一.单词、词组英译汉efficiencyincreasinglyinstallpersonn

elexposereductioncompletionspecificswitchcriticalintensityscaledefectiveinthatinquestionplentyof三、汉译英1.近几年，机器人的应用越来越广泛和深入。Inrecentyears,theuseofrob

otsisbecomingincreasinglywideranddeeper.Robotsareusedmoreandmorewidelyanddeeplyinrecentyears.Robotshavebeenincreasinglyu

sedwideranddeeperinrecentyears.2.新开发的机器人有触觉，可以看见物体，还能做决定。Thenewly-developedrobotshaveasenseoftouch,areabletose

eobjects,andcanmakedecisionaswell.3.机器人在汽车行业应用广泛。Robotsareemployedwidelyintheautomotiveindustry.Theuseofro

botsintheautomotiveindustryisprevalent.4.感光材料、数字照相机都是照相器材。Light–sensitivematerialsanddigitalcamerasareallph

otographicequipment.5.机器人与自动化机器有重大的区别。Thereisasignificantdifferencebetweenrobotsandautomaticmachines.Therearemajordifferencesbet

weenrobotsandautomaticmachines.4、历年试题1.Mosttoday’srobotsareemployedintheautomotiveindustry,_____theyareprogrammedtotakeoversuchjobsasweldingandspr

aypainting.(99.4)A.asB.whichC.whenD.where答案：D.考点：where引导的非限定定语从句，修饰automotiveindustry。2.Robotsdifferfromautomaticmach

inesin_____aftercompletionofonespecifictask,theycanbereprogrammedtobeanotherone.(00.4)A.whichB.thatC.howD.whether答案：B.考点：inthat复合连词引导

原因状语从句，表示“在于”。3.Robots,alreadytakingoverhumantasksintheautomotivefield,arebeginning_____(see)inother22industriesaswel

l.(00.4)(01.10)答案：tobeseen考点：begintodosth.所以用动词不定式，而且用被动式。4.Anyone______(want)tounderstandtheindustryofth

efuturewillhavetoknowaboutrobotics.(00.10)（01.4）答案：wanting考点：动词现在分词作定语修饰anyone。5.Thenationsthat____active

ly______(involve)inearthquakepredictionprogramsincludeJapan,China,Russia,andtheUnitedStates.答案：areinvolved考点

：词组：beinvolvedinsth.6.汉译英：机器人将要在哪些领域替代人的工作呢？（00.10）答案：Inwhatfieldwillrobotstakeoverhumantasks?7.Itisnotyetknown_____comput

erswillonedayhavevisionasgoodashumanvision.A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.how答案：A.考点：whether引导的主语从句。8.Robots,______(beco

me)increasinglyprevalentinfactoriesandindustrialplantsthroughoutthedevelopedworld,areprogrammedandengineeredtoperformindustrialtaskswithouthuman

intervention.答案：becoming考点：现在分词作状语。9.Robots,becoming_____(increase)prevalentinfactories,areprogrammedandenginee

red答案：increasingly10.汉译英：今年来，计算机在各个领域的应用越来越广泛。答案：Inrecentyears,thecomputerisfindingwiderandwiderapplicationinallfield

s.UNIT71、wordstudy23attach,underlie,relevant,positive错误!未找到引用源。attachvt.1、固定住，系；2、附加，隶属；3、把（重点）放在；4、使喜爱，

使依恋Youhavetoattachalabeltoaboxwhilepostingit.邮寄箱子时需在箱子上贴上标签。Theyprovideaidwithnoconditionsattached.他们提供无附加条件的援助。Weshouldattac

hprimaryimportancetoafirmandcorrectpoliticalorientation.我们要把坚定正确的政治方向放在第一位。Hewasstronglyattachedtohisho

me.他对他的家恋恋不舍。错误!未找到引用源。underlievt.支撑；构成（理论，政策，行为等）的基础Carefulplanningunderliesallmydecisions.我的全部决定是以

周密计划为根据的。Whatunderlieshislackofinterestinwork?什么造成了他对工作缺乏兴趣？Thereweredeepertensionsunderlyinglastweek’sstrike.

上星期的罢工背后潜伏着更为深刻的紧张局势。错误!未找到引用源。relevanta.1、贴切的，中肯的；2、与。。。有关的（to）Thisisarelevantquestion.这是一个中肯的问题。Thispointisnotreallyrelevantandwehad

bettermoveon.这一点并没有什么关联，咱们还是接着谈别的吧。Weshouldmakeourlivesrelevanttotheneedsofthecountry.我们应该使个人生活与国家的需要挂起钩来。Allevidencerelevanttothecaseshouldbe

gatheredandanalyzed.所有与本案有关的证据均应搜集和分析。错误!未找到引用源。positivea.1、明确的，确实的；2、积极的，肯定的；3、正的，阳性的Hegavepositiveinstructions.他给了明确的指示。Iwonderifhecanprovidepo

sitiveproof.我不知道他是否能够提供有力的证据。Lightisapositivething;darknessisonlytheabsenceoflight.光是确实存在的东西，而黑暗只是没有光。Whocangiveapositiveanswer?谁能给一个肯定的答复

？Healwayshassomepositiveideasoncompanypolicy.他对公司的政策总有一些建设性的意见。Thetestispositivewhichshowsaparticulardiseaseispresent.化验的结果呈阳性，说明确实得了某种病。242、重点句型1、生

活在先进的工业化社会的人们越来越关心休闲的机会。P1Peopleinadvancedindustrialsocietiesareincreasinglyconcernedwithopportunitiesforleisure.2、人们赋予带薪休假的重要性和大众娱乐服务的快速发展是日益关注这一问

题的标志。P1Theimportancepeopleattachtopaidholidaysandtherapiddevelopmentofservicesformassentertainmentan

drecreationaresignsofthisincreasingconcern.3、对休闲的具体利用人与人不同。P4Thespecificuseofleisurevariesfromindividualtoindividual.4、由于休闲基本上是自己决定的事，个人就可以培

养自己的兴趣和爱好，并以能为自己带来享受和满足的方式参与某项活动。P6Sinceleisureisbasicallyself-determined,oneisabletotaketoone’sinterestsandpreferencesandgetinvolv

edinanactivityinwaysthatwillbringenjoymentandsatisfaction.5、基本上说，上述态度等同于一个认识：休闲是生活的一个重要方面；等同于一个信念：休闲能够并且应该充分利用。P7Basically,suchattitudesamounttoarec

ognitionthatleisureisanimportantareaoflifeandofabeliefthatleisurecanandshouldbeputtogooduse.6、比如，学校鼓励参加游戏、运动和文化活动的程度和方式可能对形成学生的休闲态度起一定的

作用。P9Forexample,thedegreetowhichandthewaysinwhichaschoolencouragesparticipationingames,sportsandculturalpursuits

arelikelytocontributetotheshapingofleisureattitudesonthepartofthestudents.7、学校常常把达到个人均衡发展设定为它们的教育目的。P10Schoolsusually

setastheireducationalobjectivetheattainmentofabalanceddevelopmentoftheperson.8、对此追求得越认真，就越可能鼓励人们对待休闲和学术工作持积极态度。P10T

hemoreseriouslythisissought,themorelikelypositiveattitudestowardsleisureaswellasacademicworkwillbeencouraged.3、习题一、英译汉重点单

词词组：1.research2.attach3.underlie4.relevant5.positive6.possession7.desirable8.relaxation9.occupation10.urban11.acquire12.participation

beconcernedwithberelevanttotoset…asobjective二、英译汉重点句子1~8.与重点句型相同。三、汉译英1.生活质量这一术语涉及很广泛。Theterm"qualityof

life"coversaverywidescope.2.在生活节奏快，工作压力大的社会中，放松一下有利于健康。Inafast-pacedstressfulsociety,itisgoodforhealthtoset

asidesometimetorelaxoneself.It'sgoodforone'shealthtofindtimetorelaxinasocietyoffast-pacedandstressfulwork.2

53.人们的兴趣和爱好与社会环境和个人学习经历有关。People'sinterestsandhobbiesarerelatedtosocialcontextsandtheirlearningexperiences.People'sinterestsandpr

eferencesareallrelatedtosocialcontextsandindividuallearningexperiences.4.积极的休闲态度是鼓励人们创造性地利用空闲时间的基础。Thepositiveattitudetowardsleisureisthefou

ndationtoencouragepeople'screativeuseoftheirsparetime.Apositiveleisureattitudeisthefoundationformotivatingpeopletousetheir

leisureinacreativeway.5.研究与观察结果表明，人们越来越关心生活的质量。Thefindingsofresearchandobservationindicatethatpeoplearemoreandmoreconcernedwit

hthequalityoflife.Observationsandresearchesindicatethatpeopleareincreasinglyconcernedwiththequalityoflife.4、历年试题1.

Agoodschedulemusthavealittlegivesothatspecialprojectscan_____(take)careofproperly.(99.4)答案：betaken。考点：情态动词的被动语态。2.Sinceleisureisbasicallyself

-determined,oneshouldgetinvolved_____anactivityinwaysthatwillbringenjoymentandsatisfaction.(99.4)A.inB.ofC.towardsD.w

ith答案：A.考点：词组get/beinvolvedin参与…；卷入…3.Theimportanceofthese_____(vary)accordingtothenatureofone’sjobandone’slifestyle.(99.10)答案：varies考点：一般现在时单数

第三人称形式。4.Thiswillnotonlykeepthestudyhabitalivebutalso_____(keep)youuptodateonyourclassassignmentsandprojects.答案答案：keep。考点：notonly与but

also后的词的形式应一致。5.Thespecificuseofleisure______fromindividualtoindividual.(00.4)A.rangesB.distinguishesC.variesD.covers答案：C。分析：此题考查不及物动

词vary的用法。搭配为：vary…from…to各不相同。266.Themoretimeyouwaste,the____(easy)itistocontinuewastingtime.(00.4)答案：easier。考点：them

ore…themore句型，表示“越…越…”。7.Suchattitudesamounttoabelief____leisurecanandshouldbeputtogooduse.(01.4)A.whichB.ifC.whetherD.that答案：

that。考点：that引导同位语从句修饰belief。8.Thiswillnotonlykeepthestudyhabitalivebutalsokeepyouupto____onyourclassassignmentsandprojects.(01.4

)A.dayB.dateC.numberD.time答案：B。考点：词组uptodate最新的，keepyouuptodate表示跟得上….9.汉译英：人们越来越关注休闲的机会。(99.4)答案：Peopleareincreasinglyconcernedwithopport

unitiesforleisure.10.汉译英：众所周知，即使同样的休闲活动，不同的人使用的方式也不同。(00.4)答案：Itiswellknownthateventhesameleisureactivitymay

beuseddifferentbydifferentindividuals.1.在工业化国家人们越来越关心休闲的机会。答：Peopleintheindustrializedcountriesarein

creasinglyconcernedwithopportunitiesforleisure.2.为什么他们对带薪休假那么重视呢？答：Whydotheyattachsomuchimportancetopaidholidays?3.对休闲的具体利用是因人而异的。答：Thespeci

ficuseofleisurevariesfromindividualtoindividual.4.我们所接触的人可能对我们休闲态度产生某种影响。答：Thepeoplewithwhomwecomeintocontactmayexertsomeinfluenceonou

rattitudestowardleisure.5.学校教育的目的之一是使学生得到均衡发展。27答：Oneoftheeducationalobjectivesofschoolistoattainabalanc

eddevelopmentofstudents.UNIT81、wordstudyproceeding,alarm,promote错误!未找到引用源。proceedingn.1、程序，进程；2、【pl】项目，活动，会议文集Thatisbynomeansth

ebestwayofproceeding.那决不是最好的行动方式。Heopenedtoday’sproceedingsinseveralshortsentences.他简短地说了几句就开始了今天的会议。Hebroughtdivorceproceedi

ngsagainsthiswife.他诉请与妻子离婚。Theproceedingswerepublished6monthsaftertheconference.论文集已于会议结束后半年出版。错误!未找到引用源。alarmn.1、警报；2、惊恐Th

ealarmsystemwentwrongandcreatedafalsealarm.报警系统失灵，引起一场虚惊。Hedidn’ttakealarmatthenews.他听到消息后并不吃惊。vt.1、向。。。报警

，使警觉；2、使。。。惊恐，打扰Iwasquitealarmedlastnightatthecryof“fire”.昨晚有人大呼救火，使我大吃一惊。Heavytrucksalarmedoneallnight.载重汽车声整夜使人不得

安宁。错误!未找到引用源。promotevt.1、促进，发扬；2、提升，升级；3、发起，创办Hewaspromotedtodirector.他被提升为厂长。Itisbelievedthattakingawalkaftermealspromotedigestion.人们认为饭后散步促进消化。

Thesalesmanpromotesthesalesofremote-controlTVsetsandVCRs.那个推销员推销遥控电视机和录像机。Thepianistpromotedagrandbenefitconcert.那个钢琴家筹办了一次盛大的义演音乐会。

2、常考句型1、喷气飞行时差综合症是每个乘坐国际航班旅行的人在某个时候都会碰到的问题。P1TheproblemofJetLagisoneeveryinternationaltravelercomesacrossatsometime.

2、乘飞机旅行对身体的影响实际上远比我们意识到的更让人失调。P2Theeffectsofrapidtravelonthebodyareactuallyfarmoredisturbingthanwereali

ze.283、他后来把自己在谈判中的判断失误归咎于时差。P3HelaterblamedhispoorjudgmentonJetLag.4、既然我们懂得了喷气飞机时差综合症是怎么回事，我们就能够在解决它方面有所作为。P5NowthatweunderstandwhatJetLagi

s,wecangosomewaytoovercomingit.5、另一个定时系统在我们的体内时钟内，这些体内时钟在不受干扰时，会使人体有一个25小时，是的，25小时---的生理节奏。P6Theotherb

elongsinourinternalclockswhich,leftalone,wouldtiethebodytoa25hour–yes,25–rhythm.6、经过一段时间之后，生理系统将会重新自我调整过来，但这需要时间。P8Intime,thephysiolog

icalsystemwillresetitself,butitdoestaketime.7、出现这种差异的一个原因是人体的不同活动受到不同因素的支配。P9Onereasonforthisdiscrepancyisthatdifferentbodilyeventsarecontrol

ledbydifferentfactors.8、不可能等上4天直到身体习惯新的时区。P10Itisnotfeasibletowaitfourdaysuntilthebodyisusedtothenewtimezone.3、习题（一）词汇英译汉：1.flight2.

negotiation3.transport4.overcome5.internal6.external7.rhythm8.feasible9.assumption10.promote1.effecton2.toblame…on3.

toadvantage4.nowthat5.outofstep6.toleave…alone（二）句子英译汉：1.~8.与重点句型相同。9.Butthegrowthhormoneisreleasedd

uringsleep,wheneverinthedaythatsleepoccurs.(para.9)10.Proteininmealsstimulateswakefulness,whilecarbohydratespromotesleep.(par

a.13)（三）句子汉译英1.不难理解高速旅行给身体带来的不适。Itisnotdifficulttounderstandthedisturbingeffectsofrapidtravelonthebody.Itisnotdifficulttorealizethatthedistur

bingeffectsonthebodyarecausedbyrapidtravel.292.引起这一不同的原因之一是不同的人体活动由不同的因素控制。Onereasonforthisdiscrepancyisthatdifferentbodilyeven

tsarecontrolledbydifferentfactors.3.食物中的蛋白质使人兴奋，而食物中的碳水化合物使人易于入睡。Proteininfoodstimulateswakefulness,whilecarbohydrate

spromotesleep.4.时差反应是每一个国际旅行者可能遇到的问题。TheproblemofJetLagisoneeveryinternationaltravelercomesacross.5.等待几天直到身体的调节机制自然

适应新时区，这并不可行。Itisnotfeasibletowaitafewdaysuntilthebody'sregulatorymechanismsareusedtothenewtimezone.4、历

年试题1.Inpracticalapplication,concentrationisnot_____thedefinitionmayimply.(99.4)A.assimpletodealsuccess

fullywithasB.sosimpletodealsuccessfullywiththatC.simplertodealsuccessfullywithasthatD.assamesimpletodealsuccessfullywithas答案：A。考点：本

题主要考查as…as搭配表示“和….一样”。而选项D中as的后面还有一个词same。因为same表示的意思也是同样，与…同样的意思与as…as意义重复，因此不选D。2.UnderstandwhatJetLagis,an

dhowacarefuldietcanminimizeitsworsteffects,____.（99.10）A.yourflightwillbelessstressfulB.andyourflightswillbelessstressfulC.oryourflightswillbelessst

ressfulD.inorderthatyourflightswillbelessstressful答案：B。分析：本句是一个and连接的并列句。因此只有B符合题意。3.Coffeedelaysthebodyclockinthemornin

g,andadvances____atnight.(00.4)A.itB.themC.thecoffeeD.thebody30答案：A。分析：本句是个并列句，and连接的两个句子结构应一致。因此，advances后面的宾语应是thebody，而为了避免重复，因此用代词

it代替。4.汉译英：快速旅行对人体的影响比我们意识到的要大得多。(00.10)答案：Theeffectsofrapidtravelonthehumanbodyaremuchgreaterthanwerealize.5.T

heothertimingsystembelongsinourinternalclocks,which,left___,wouldtiethebodytoa25-hourrhythm.(03.4)A.behindB.aloneC.outD.aside答案：B.考点：本题主要考查词组：leaveal

one不管，不理，把…放在一边。1.快速旅行对人体的影响比我们意识到的要大得多。答：Theeffectsofrapidtravelonthebodyaremuchgreaterthanwerealize2.他后来把自己的错误判断归咎于时差反

应。答：HelaterblamedhispoorjudgementonJetLag.3.食物中的蛋白质使人兴奋，而碳水化合物使人易于入睡。答：Proteininmealsstimulateswakefulnesswhilecarbohydratespr

omotesleep.4.在外语学习中没有捷径可走。答：Thereisnoshortcutinthestudyofaforeignlanguage.5.为了克服时差反应我们能做些什么呢？答：WhatcanwedoinordertoovercomeJetLag?UNIT91、wordstudyapp

roximate,proportion,appreciation,acknowledge,neglect错误!未找到引用源。approximatea.近似的，大约的Theapproximatenumberofi

mmigrantsistwomillion.移民数目大约为两百万。Theapproximatelengthofameteris40inches.一米大约为40英寸。31vt.1、近似，接近；2、使接近（在直接宾语后用介词t

o）Youraccountofwhathappenedapproximatestherealfacts,buttherearesomesmallinaccuracies.你对发生的情况的描述接近实际情况，但有些小的出入。Wetrytoapproximatetheoperating

temperaturetotheoptimalvalue.我们努力使工作温度接近最佳值。vi.接近（其词义与及物动词相同，只是后面接介词to）Youraccountofwhathappenedapproximatestotherealfacts.

你对发生的情况的描述接近实际情况。错误!未找到引用源。proportionn.比率，比例inproportionto表示“与。。。成比例”；outofproportion表示“与。。。不成比例”Theproportionofbirthstothepopulationisincreasing.人

口出生率在上升。Alargeproportionoftheearthsurfaceisocean.地球表面的大部分是海洋。Thecamelpossessesstrengthinproportiontoitssize.骆驼的力气与它的身体大小成比例。Hise

arningsareoutofallproportiontohisskillandability.他的收入与他的技术及能力很不相称。vt.使成比例；使相称Thesoldierproportionedhispacetothemarch.战士调制步子以便与行军的步伐一致

。错误!未找到引用源。appreciationn.1、欣赏，鉴赏；2、正确评价；3、感激，感谢Apersonwithanappreciationofartandliteratureisqualifiedforthejob.一个具有文学艺术欣赏力的人能胜任这项工作。Rabbitshaveaw

ell-knownappreciationforfamilylife.众所周知，兔子有重视家庭生活的习性。Wetakethisopportunityofexpressingoursincereappreciationofyourhelp.对你们的帮助，我们趁这个机会向你们表示衷心的感谢。T

heyaremistakenintheirappreciationofthecountry’seconomicconditions.他们对国家经济形势的判断是错误的。错误!未找到引用源。acknowledg

evt.1、承认；2、表示谢意Heacknowledgedhisownfaults.他承认了自己的过失。Thesalesdepartmentacknowledgedmyorderform.销售部表示收到了我的订货单。Theministeracknowledgedh

isadviser’sservicestothecity.部长就他的顾问对城市的贡献表示感谢。错误!未找到引用源。neglectvt./n.忽视，忽略；疏忽Theyneglectedhiswarning.他们对他

的警告置之不理。32Thesecretarywasfiredforneglectingherduty.那个秘书因疏于职守而被解雇。Agricultureissomewhatneglectedinthatdistrict.农业在那个地区有些不受重视。Theoldman

livesaloneinneglect.这个老人孑然一身无人照管。2、常考句型1、如果一个国家人口中7%或以上的人满65岁或超过65岁，就被列为“老龄国”。P1Nationclassifiedas"aged"whentheyhave7percentofmoreofthei

rpeopleaged65orabove.2、一个社会的人口增长率越接近零，它的人口就可能越老龄---至少对任何能关系到我们现在的未来是这样的。P1Thenearerasocietyapproximatestozeropopulationgrowth

,theolderitspopulationislikelytobe—atleast,foranyfuturethatconcernsusnow.3、当然你现在年龄越大，这种比例就越高，如果你是女人，这

比例还应该更高。P5Theolderyouarenow,ofcourse,thegreaterthisproportionwillbe,andgreaterstillifyouareawoman.4、如果你现在30多岁，你应当知道你可以指望活到60岁后再活上剩余生命的三分之一。P5Ifyouar

enowinyourthirties,yououghttobeawarethatyoucanexpecttolivenearlyonethirdoftherestofyourlifeaftertheageof60.3、习题一、

词汇英译汉：1.classify2.approximate3.proportion4.appreciation5.acknowledge6.alter7.lengthen8.wealthy9.neglect10.expectation1.toap

proximateto2.resistanceto3.tocopewith4.attribute…to二、句子英译汉：1.~4.与常考句型相同。5.If,however,childrengrowupwitho

utloveandwithoutfeelingsofself-worth,theyfeelunlovableandworthlessandexpecttobecheated,takenadvantageof,andlookeddownu

ponbyothers.lookdownupon:看不起…；轻视…;6.withoutahealthyself-esteemtheymaycopebyactingoutproblemsratherthantalkin

gthemoutorbywithdrawingandremainingindifferenttowardthemselvesandothers.7.Itisnotuntilenergiesarebacktonormalthattherealproblemisrecognize

d.8.itisnotuntilaboutthetimethechildentersschoolthatoutsideforcescontributetofeelingsabouttheself.三、句子汉译英

1.老龄化已成为一个社会问题。Aginghasbecomeasocialproblem.2.人们反对这一看法来自于出生率的下降。33Theresistancetotheideaiscausedbythefallingofbirthrates.Thefal

lofbirthrateresultedinpeople'sobjectiontotheidea.3.人们寿命的长短取决于种种因素。Thelengthoflifedependsonvariousfactors.Expectationoflifeisduetov

ariousfactors.4.估计寿命是预计一个人能活得平均年数。Expectationoflifeistheaveragenumbersofyearsthatapersonisexpectedtolive.Theexpectanc

yoflifeisthepredictionofaverageyearsapersoncanlive.5.长寿在改变我们的生活，改变我们的社会。Longlifeisalteringourlifeaswellasoursociety.Longlifeischangingourlives,c

hangingoursociety.4、历年试题1.Youraccountofwhathappenedyesterdayapproximates_____therealfacts.（99.10）A.nearB.ofC.toD.

upon答案：C。考点：此题考查词组approximateto表示“与…接近”。2.汉译英：正是由于出生率下降了，我们的社会才变得如此老龄。(99.10)Itisbecausethebirthratefellthatours

ocietyhadgrownsoold.3.Nationsare_______as"aged"whentheyhave7percentormoreoftheirpeopleaged65orabove.A.limitedB.classifiedC.originate

dD.processed(00.4)答案：B。本题考查词组：classifyas表示把…列为。4.汉译英：一个社会的人口增长率越接近零，其人口便越老龄化。(00.10)Thenearerasocietyapproximatestozeropopula

tiongrowth,theolderitspopulationis.5.Ifyouarenow_____,yououghttopaymoreattentiontoyourhealth.(01.4)A.inthefiftiesB.inyourfiftiesC.infiftiesD.inyourfi

fty答案：B.本题主要考查词组inyourfifties表示"在你50岁时"。6.Weknowthatwearegettingevenolder,andthatthenearerasocietyapproximat

estozeropopulationGrowth,the______(old)itspopulationislikelytobe.(01.10)答案：older。本题主要考查“the+形容词比较级….the+形容词比较级”的用法。7.Inhiscompositiontherewe

renoothererrors____afewmisspelledwords.(02.4)A.besideB.except34C.thenD.than答案：D。本题主要考查词组"noother…than"的用法，表示“除

了…外，没有…”。8.Wewouldliketotakethisopportunitytoexpressoursincere______(appreciate)ofyourhelp.(02.4)答案：appreciation

。本题中sincere是形容词，因此后面接名词。Appreciate是动词，其名词形式是appreciation.UNIT101、wordstudydecline,impact,stir,provision错误!未找到引用源。declinevi

.1、下倾，下降；2、衰退，衰弱；3、谢绝，拒绝Theproductionofnaturalgasdeclinedslightly.天然气的生产略有下降。Hisstrengthslowlydeclined.他的体力慢慢地衰弱了。Ablindmansmilingly

declinedtobehelpedacrossthestreet.盲人微笑着谢绝别人帮他过马路。vt.谢绝，拒绝Herespectfullydeclinetheinvitation.他有礼貌地谢绝了邀请。n.1、下倾，下降；2、衰退，衰

弱ThecustomsfiguresshowasteadydeclineinBritishtrade.关税数字表明英国的贸易在持续下降。WearestudyingthedeclineandfallofancientRome.我们正在研究

古罗马的衰亡。错误!未找到引用源。impactn.1、冲击，碰撞；2、效果，影响Thestormoftheworldrevolutionhaspowerfulimpactonimperialism.世界革命风暴对帝国主义有

强大的冲击力。ThebookTenThatShooktheWorldmadeagreatimpactonitsreaders.《震撼世界的十天》这本书对读者产生了很大的影响。vt.装紧，压紧Thegroundhadbeenimpacted

bymanypeoplewalkingacrossit.因为走的人多，地面被踏得坚实了。错误!未找到引用源。stirvt.1、搅拌，搅动；2、激起，打动Youshouldstirthesugarinyourcoffeewithaspoon.你应该用汤匙搅

动咖啡里的糖。Wealldeeplystirredbythebeautiesofnature.我们都被大自然的美深深地打动了。vi.微动，活动IreadHemingway’sTheSunAlsoRisesthro

ughtotheendwithoutstirringfromthetable.我一步不移地坐在桌前把海明威的《太阳照样升起》读完。35n.惊动，轰动Theinventionisgoingtocauseabigstirintheworld.这项发明将在全世界引起轰动。错误!未找到引用源。provis

ionn.1、供应，供应品；2、条款，规定；3、【常pl】给养，口粮ProvisionofshelterwastheRedCross’smainconcernforthedisastervictims.为灾民提供避难处是红十字会的主要工作。Neces

saryprovisionhasbeenmadeagainstflood.已为防洪做了必要准备。Youshouldsaveupmoneytomakeprovisionforthefuture.你们应该存些钱，为将来做些准备。Youcandosoundertheprovisionsof

anewforeignaidbill.根据新的援外法案的条文，你可以这样做。Provisionsarekeptinthestorehouse.储备的口粮存放在仓库里。2、重点句型1、候选人都想尽力突出表现一种强有力的领导者的形象。P4Candidatestrytoprojecta

strongleadershipimage.2、选民们是否接受这一形象则更取决于外在因素而不是候选人的个人特征。P4Whethervotersacceptthisimage,however,dependsmoreonexternalfactorstha

nonacandidate’spersonalcharacteristics.此句注意主语从句作主语。3、一年以后，随着国家经济陷入困境，布什的支持率则下降到40%以下。P4Ayearlater,withthenation’seconomyintrouble,Bush’sappr

ovalratingdroppedbelow40percent.4、候选人特别关注人口最多的几个州的州选举中获胜。P6Candidatesareparticularlyconcernedwithwinningthestateswhichhavethelargestpopulation.5、在199

2年，，克林顿仅获得民众选票的43%，相比之下，布什是38%，佩罗是19%。P6Clintonreceivedonly43percentofthepopularvotein1992,comparedwithBush's38percentandPerot's1

9percent.3、习题一、词汇英译汉：1.election2.vote3.certainty4.loyalty5.decline6.democrat7.strategy8.pursue9.impact10.headquarters11.economy12.s

tir13.congress14.representativetoidentify…asimpacton二、句子英译汉：1.~5.与重点句型相同。6.Indecidingwhethertopursueacours

eofaction,theytrytoestimateitslikelyimpactonthevoters.7.WarrenG.Hardingacceptedthe1920RepublicannominationathisOhiohome,36stayedtherethroug

houtmostofthecampaign,andwonafullvictorysimplybecausemostofthevotersofhistimewereRepublicans.8.“TheEconomy,Stu

pid.”ThesloganwastheideaofJamesCarville,Clinton'schiefstrategist,andwasmeantasaremindertothecandidateandthestafftokeepthecampaignfocusedonthenation'

sslow-movingeconomy,whichultimatelywastheissuethatdefeatedBush.三、句子汉译英1.在美国每四年举行一次总统大选。ThepresidentialelectiontakesplaceeveryfouryearsintheUn

itedStates.2.多数党被提名者得到的支持率往往高出少数党候选人。Amajoritypartynomineeusuallyhastheadvantageofsupportoveraminoritypa

rtyone.Amajor-partynomineealwaysgetshigherapprovalratingthanaminor-partynominee.3.策略在总统竞选中起关键性的作用。Strategie

splayacriticalroleintheelection.Strategyiscriticalinthepresidentialelection.4.为了争取选票，总统候选人特别关注那些重要的州。Towinthepresidency,acandidateis

particularlyconcernedwithwinningthestateswhichareimportant.Inordertogetthevotes,presidentialcandidatesareconcernedwiththoseimportantstates.5.美国有十几

个政党，其中只有两个党是主要党。ThereareaboutadozenpoliticalpartiesinAmerica,onlytwoofwhicharemajorparties.4、历年试题1.Victoryintheeleven______（large）state

salonewouldprovideanelectoralmajority.（99.10）答案：largest。此题主要考查large的最高级。2.EvenDemocratGeorgeMcGovern,_____hadthelowestlevelofpartysuppo

rtamongrecentNominees,wasbackedin1972bynearly60percentofhisparty'svoters.（99.10）A.whoB.whoseC.thatD.which答案：A.who引导的非限

定性定语从句。3.汉译英：这与其说取决于候选人的个人特点不如说取决于外部因素。（00.4）答案：Thisdependsonexternalfactorsratherthanonacandidate'spersonalcharacteristics.4.In1991,aftertheGul

fWar,Bush'sapprovalratingreached91percent,thehighestlevelrecordedsincepolling______（begin）inthe1930s.（00.10）答案：began。此题考查

过去时，因为有一个明显的过去时间状语“inthe1930s”。375.Americanshavelearnedmuchaboutthewayinwhichthesystemcanbemanagedsoasto_____thepeacefultransferofpowerf

romonepartytotheother.（01.4）A.makeitpossibleB.makepossibleC.makepossiblyD.makeitpossibly答案：B.本题中make的宾语太长，所以放到了宾补possible的后面。“make…poss

ible”表示“使…成为可能”。6.Indeciding_____acourseofaction,thecandidatetriedtoestimateitslikelyimpactonthevoters.（02.4）A.whattopursueB.whichtopursueC.whethe

rtopursueD.iftopursue答案：C.分析：所要填的空是deciding的宾语。而pursue后面的宾语是acourseofaction。选项A“whattopursue”,what是宾语。选项B中，which也是作主语或宾语。选

项D.语法结构不对，因此选C.7.Amajor-partynomineehasthecriticaladvantageinthecampaignforthepresidentialelection_______hehasthesupportfro

mthepartyfaithful.（03，10）A.inthatB.inwhichC.forwhichD.forthat答案：A“在于”（复合连词表示原因）Translation1.众所周知，美国总统选

举每四年一次。答：ItiswellknownthatpresidentialelectionsoccurintheUnitedStatesevery4years.2.克林顿那时始终把竞选的注意力集中在国家缓慢发展的经济上。答：At

thattimeClintonalwayskeptthecampaignfocusedonthenation’sslow-developingeconomy.3.候选人都想尽力表现出一种强有力的领袖形象。答：

Candidatetrytoprojectastrongleadershipimage.4.选民们是否接受这一形象更取决于外在因素。答案答：Whethervotersacceptthisimagedependsmoreonexternalf

actors.5.候选人特别关注如何在人口最多那些州获胜。38答：Candidatesareparticularlyconcernedwithhowtowinthestateswhichhavethelargestpopulation.UNIT111、wo

rdstudyreplace,litter,refine,reproduce错误!未找到引用源。replacevt.1、把。。。放回（原处），使恢复（原职）；2、更换，以。。。替代TheairlineiscurrentlyreplacingitsDC10swithDCS

uper80s.这家航空公司正在用DC超80飞机取代DC10飞机。Pleasereplacethenewspaperafterreading.报纸阅后请放回原处。错误!未找到引用源。littern.1、（供动物睡眠或植物防冻的）干草；2、杂乱无章；3、（猫狗等）一窝（仔畜）；4

、【总称】乱丢的东西（尤指废纸等杂物）vt.1、为（动物）铺草；2、（多产动物）产（仔）；3、乱丢Theboxesarefilledwithlitterforthesmallanimalstolivein.箱子里铺满干草以便小动物能够在里边住。Thechildrenpickedupallthel

itterontheplayground.孩子们把乱扔在操场上的废纸等杂物都拾了起来。Iwassurprisedtoseehisroominsuchalitter.我看到他的房间如此乱七八糟感到惊讶。Pleasedon’tlitter.请不要乱丢东西

。Pleasedon’tlittertheroom.请不要在屋里乱扔东西。Pleasedon’tlitterwastepapersroundtheroom..请不要在屋里乱扔废纸。错误!未找到引用源。refinevt.1、提纯，精制；2、使精美，使完善Theyhaveb

uiltafactorytorefinecanesugar.他们建了一个提炼蔗糖的工厂。Hehasrefinedhismanners.他已使自己的举止仪态变得高雅完美。Reporterstriedtorefinetheirquest

ionstodrawtheirexpectedresponse.记者们力图把问题提得巧妙，以便引起他们所期望的答复。错误!未找到引用源。reproducevt.1、繁殖；2、再生产，再生长（器官）；3、复制；4、再现，重现There

areanimalswhichcanreproducealostpartoftheirbodies.有些动物能使身体上失去的某部分再生。Frogsreproducethemselvesbylayingeggs.青蛙通过产卵繁殖。Atape-recorderw

illreproduceyourlecture.录音机将放出你的讲课录音。39Hereproducedthepaintingbyphotography.他通过照相复制了那副油画。Theconditionsthatexistedtenyearsagoarereproducedt

oday.十年前的情形今天又重现了。2、常考句型1、使用动物对于发展麻醉学具有至关重要的作用。P2Theuseofanimalshasbeencentraltothedevelopmentofanaesthetics.2、用动物进行

研究与我们的健康无关，它产生的后果常常起误导作用。P4Animalresearchisirrelevanttoourhealthanditcanoftenproducemisleadingresults.3、人和动物对药物的反应不同，身体作用的方式也不同。P4Pe

opleandanimalsaredifferentintheirreactionstodrugsandinthewaytheirbodieswork.4、如果把还没有在动物身上彻底实验过的药物用在人身上，那是完全不负责任和不道德的。P5Itwouldbecompletelyirresp

onsibleandunethicaltousedrugsonpeoplethathadnotbeenthoroughlytestedonanimals.5、计算机模型的最终目的是减少用作实验对象的动物数量。P6Thee

ventualaimofcomputermodelingistoreducethenumberofanimalsusedinexperiments.6、现在已有很多别的新技术，使更多的研究能在试管里进行，以便发现化学药品是否产生有害的生物效果。P

7Manyothernewtechniquesarenowavailablethatenablemoreresearchtobedoneinthetesttubetoseeifchemicalsproduceharmfulbio

logicaleffects.7、用于实验室实验的动物数量在过去20年中已经减少。P8Thenumberofanimalsusedinlaboratorytestshasdeclinedoverthelast20years.8、这部分地是由于采

用替代的方法，部分地是由于实验比以前设计的更好，所以需要的动物就少了。P8Thisispartlyduetoalternativesandpartlytothefactthatexperimentsarebetterdesignedsofewerneedto

beused.9、该系的大卫莫顿教授正在进行动物研究，他热心于尽可能地减少动物的痛苦。P9ProfessorDavidMortonofthedepartmentisinvolvedinanimalresear

chandisconcernedwithreducinganimalsufferingasmuchaspossible.10、这包括把它们豢养在更符合要求的笼子里。P9Thisincludeskeepingthemin

moresuitablecages.include后面接动名词作宾语。11、在美国，进行一次神经再生实验要在老鼠腿上切掉一大段神经。P10IntheUS,oneexperimentinnerveregenerationinvolvescuttingabignerveinar

at’sleg.12、例如当研究心脏病和它对身体的影响时，或者当研究大脑疾病时，我们没有充分的代用品来代替动物。P12Whenitcomestoresearchintoheartdiseaseanditseffectsonthebody,wedonothaveadequatesubstitu

tesfortheuseofanimals.Whenitcomesto当提到…的时候3、习题1.动物研究对人类医学的发展做出了重大的贡献。Animalresearchhasmadegreatcontributionstohumanmedicaldev

elopment.Animalresearchhascontributedagreatdealtothedevelopmentofhumanmedicine.2.动物研究是否与人体健康有关，人们持不同态度。40

Peoplehavedifferentideasaboutwhetheranimalresearchisrelevanttohumanhealth.3用于实验的动物数量在过去二十年中已大大减少了。Th

enumberofanimalsusedinexperimentshasdeclinedgreatlyoverthepast20years.研究的新成果表明，少数实验可以放弃使用动物。4.Thenewresearchfindingsshowthat

afewexperimentscanbedonewithoutusinganimals.Thenewdevelopmentinresearchhasshownthatasmallproportionoftestscanbedonewithoutusin

ganimals.5.尽管医学技术越来越先进，但完全停止使用动物做实验仍然很远。Althoughmedicaltechniquesarebecomingmoreadvanced,stoppingtestingonanimalsaltogetherisalongwayaw

ay.Althoughmedicaltechniquebecomesmoreandmoreadvanced,stoppingtestingonanimalsaltogetherisalongwayaway.4

、历年试题1.Thenumberofanimalsusedinlaboratorytests____(decline)overthelast20years.(99.10)答案：hasdeclined。考点：本句中overthelas

t20years是明显的表示现在完成时的时间状语。因此本句用现在完成时。2.Toassumethecareforthepetscanhelpbringthe____humanityinourchildrenandeveninusadults.(99.10)A.abou

tB.inC.outD.up答案答案：C。考点：本题主要考查词组bringout表示“使显示，显现；生产，使产生”3.Itistouchingtoseehowacatordog–especiallyadog–itselftofam

ilyandwantstoshareinallitsgoingsandcomings.(00.4)A.attributesB.appliesC.assignedD.attaches答案：D。考点：本题主要考查词组at

tach…to表示“把…附加到，使…与…相关”。4.Asresearchtechniquesbecomemoreadvanced,thenumberofanimals____(use)inexperimentsmanydecrease.(00.10)答案：used。考点

：本题主要考查used过去分词做定语修饰animals。5.Somepeoplethinkthatanimalresearchisirrelevant____ourhealthandthatitcanoftenproducemisleadingre

sults.(01.4)A.withB.atC.onD.to41答案：D。本题主要考查词组beirrelevantto表示“与…不相关”。6.汉译英：他的肤色与他是否是个好教授没有关系。答案：Thecolorofhisskinisirrel

evanttowhetherheisagoodprofessorornot7.Asresearchtechniquesbecomemoreadvanced,thenumberofanimalsusedinexperimentsmaydecrease,butstoppin

g_____(test)onanimalsaltogetherisalongwayaway.答案：testing。本题主要考查词组stopdoingsth.停止做某事。Translation1.有人认为用动物进行实验根本没有必要。答：Therearethose

whothinkthetestonanimalsaresimplyunnecessary.2.人和动物对药物的反应并不相同。答：Peopleandanimalsaredifferentintheirreactions

todrugs.3.新技术使我们容易找到代替动物实验的方法。答：Newtechnologymakesiteasyforustofindalternativemethodsoftestingonanimals.4.正是狗教会

我们忠诚和奉献，而猫却对此一无所知。答：Itisthedogwhocanteachuslessonsofloyaltyanddevotionthatnocateverknows.5.照料小猫们有助于培养孩子的人情味。答

：Caringforcatscanhelpbringoutthehumanityinchildren.UNIT121、wordstudyspur,confront,reflection,drift错误!未找到引用源。spurn.1、踢马刺；2、刺激（物），鼓励；鼓舞Thisbook

isaspurtothechild’sintellectandimagination.这本书激发了那个孩子的智力和想象力。vt.1、用踢马刺催促（马）；2、激励，鞭策Hespurredhishorseandranaway.42他用踢马刺策马，跑开了。Thethoughtof

theprizespurredmeon.要夺奖的思想激励着我前进。错误!未找到引用源。confrontvt.1、面对，遭遇；2、正视；对抗Escapebeingimpossible,therabbitt

urnedtoconfrontthedog.逃跑是不可能的，兔子就转过头来和狗对抗。Thediseaseconfrontedhimwithdeath.疾病使他面临死亡。Thedifficultiesthatconfront

uscannotbeovercome.我们所面临的困难无法克服。如果用被动时态，则confronted后用with或by。Weareconfrontedbymanydifficulties.我们面临许多困难。Theexplorerswereconfrontedwi

thmanychallenges.探险者遇到了许多挑战。错误!未找到引用源。reflectionn.1、反射，反映，映像；2、沉思，考虑Thereflectionoflightconfusedus.反光使我们头晕眼花。There

flectionofthesunwasblinding.反射的太阳光令人目眩。ThispoemisareflectionofmymoodatthetimeIwroteit.这首诗反映了我执笔时的心情。Hewaslookingathisreflec

tioninthemirror.他看着自己在镜中的映像。Aftersomereflectionthemanagergrantedtherequest.经理稍一思索，便允许了请求。错误!未找到引用源。driftn.1、漂流；2、倾向，趋势Thewea

therforecastreportedaneasterlydriftofwind.天气预报报告风向偏东。Thegeneraldriftofaffairswastowardswar.总的势态是趋向战争。vi.漂流；漂泊Wewatchedtheleavesdriftdownthes

tream.我们看着树叶沿小河漂去。Ourconversationdriftedfromonetopictoanother.我们的话题换了又换。Inordertofindajob,hedriftfromCaliforniatoToronto.为找

到一份工作，他从加利福尼亚漂泊到多伦多。vt.使漂流Thesnowwasdriftedingreatpilesagainstthehouse.雪被风吹到房子旁边，积成一堆一堆的。432、常考句型1、梦幻最好也不过被认为是

对生活中的实际事物的一种补偿性的替代。P1Atitsbest,daydreamingwasconsideredacompensatorysubstitutefortherealthingsinlife.2、总有那么一些人，他们用想入非非的生活来代替从实际活动中得到的好处。P2Therearea

lwaysthosewhowouldsubstitutefantasylivesfortherewardsofrealactivity.3、大部分人受梦幻过少而不是过多之苦。P2Mostpeoplesufferfromalackofdaydreami

ngratherthananexcessofit.4、不仅他们应付每日生活的压力的能力变差，他们的自我控制和自我导向能力也会受到损害。P2Notonlyaretheylessabletodealwiththepressureofday-to-dayexistence,b

utalsotheirself–controlandself-directionbecomeendangered.5、但它的好处不只这些。P3Butitsbeneficialeffectsgobeyondthis.Gobeyond表示"超越…，不仅仅是…"6、

在历史上，科学家和发明家是似乎能充分利用松弛时刻的一类人。P7Historically,scientistsandinventorsareonegroupthatseemstotakefulladvantageofrelaxe

dmoments.Takeadvantageof利用7、无论何时他遇到好像一个解决不了的问题时，他会躺在实验室沙发上，四肢舒展，让各种幻觉涌满他的脑海。P7Wheneverconfrontedwithataskwhichseemedtoohar

dtobedealtwith,hewouldstretchoutonhislaboratorysofaandletfantasiesfloodhismind.8、你要把自己幻想成一个胜利者，这将有助于你取得成就。P10Pictureyourself

aswinningandthatwillcontributeremarkablytosuccess.9、重要的是要记住，你幻想这些期望的目标时就好像你已经实现了它们那样。P11Theimportantthin

gtorememberistopicturethesedesiredobjectivesasifyouhadalreadyattainedthem.3、习题一、词汇英译汉：1.symptom2.intellectual3.detail4.initi

al5.inventor6.confront7.sensitivity8.reflection9.creativity10.character11.trace12.modest词组：13.investment14.tosubstitute…for15.becontraryto16.top

utoff17.beconfrontedwith18.togazeat19.beunawareof20.toimpress…on21.befreefrom22.bebeneficialto二、句子英译汉：1.~9.与常考句型相同。三、汉译英1.最近的研究成果表明，白日做梦是日常生活的

一部分。Recentresearchshows/indicatesthatdaydreamingispartofdailylife.2.白日做梦不仅有利于心态平衡，而且能提高人们的自控力。Daydreamingisnotonlybeneficialtothem

entalbalance,butalsotoenhanceone'sabilityof44self-control.Daydreamingcannotonlyhelpmaintainemotionalbalanc

e,butalsoimproveone'sself-control.3.历史上许多科学家与发明家曾充分利用白日梦。Historically,manyscientistsandinventorshavetakenfulladvantageofdaydreaming.Manyscientist

sandinventorsinhistorytookfulluseofdaydreaming.4.有的作曲家在作曲时几乎像进入了很深的白日梦状态。Whilecomposing,somecomposersseemtoapp

roachastateofdeepdaydreaming.Somecomposersseemedtoapproachastateofdeepdaydreamingwhiletheywerecomposing.5.在梦境中不要将

自己描绘成失败者而应该是成功者。Pictureyourselfasawinnerratherthanloserinyourdaydream.Pictureyourselfinyourdaydreamaswinningra

therthandefeated.4、历年试题1.AccordingtoDr.Kramer,_____peoplewhoappearinyourdreams,_____youareonawakening.（99.10）Aasmany…ashappyBth

emore…themorehappyCthemore…thehappierDthemost…thehappiest答案：C。考点：本题主要考查the+比较级，the+比较级，结构是“越…,越…”2.Holdapictureofyours

elflongandsteadilyenough____yourmind'seye,andyouwillbedrawntowardit.(99.10)A.atB.inC.beforeD.infrontof答案：B。考点：本题主要考查词组

inone'smind'seye意思是“在脑海中”。3.Inthepasttwodecades,research_____(expand)ourknowledgeaboutsleepanddreams.(0

0.4)答案：expanded。本题主要考查现在完成时。“inthepasttwodecades”经常是表示现在完成时的时间状语。4.Ithasbeenprovedthattheirbestideasseem____(occur)whentheywerer

elaxing.(01.4)答案：tohaveoccurred。考点：本题主要考查seem后面要加动词不定式完成式作宾语。5.汉译英：科学家正在研究为什么白日梦会有益于人们的健康。(01.4)45答案：Scientistsarestudyingwhydaydreami

ngisbeneficialtopeople'shealth.6.Alife____(live)withoutfantasyanddaydreamingisareallypoorlifeindeed.（02.4）答案：lived。考点：lived是过去分词作定语修饰life。词组“liv

ea…life”表示过着…样的生活。词汇精讲daydreamvi./n.白日做梦symptomn.症状，征兆Mostinfectionsarecontagiousbeforeanysymptomsarenoticed.大多数传染病在症

状被发现之前已具有传染性。Herecognizesthesymptoms,butrefusestoadmitthathehasmaritalproblems.他承认这些征兆，但不愿承认自己的婚姻发生了问题。UNIT131、word

studycompel,undertake,coincide,gamble,goinfor错误!未找到引用源。compelvt.强迫（compel…to或compel…tosth）Theywereoftencompelledtoworktwelveorfourteenhoursaday.他们

常常不得不每天工作12或14小时。Healwaystriedtocompelmetohiswill.他总是想逼我服从他的意愿。Theperformancecompelledtearsfromtheaudience.(=

…compeltheaudiencetoshedtears)表演使观众感动得落泪。错误!未找到引用源。undertakevt.1、着手做，进行；2、承担，从事，进行；3、承担，答应（to）Thepoli

ceundertookdetailedandcomprehensiveinvestigationsintothecase.警察对这个案件着手进行了细致和全面的调查。Weundertooktoreachhomebefore

dark.我们争取天黑以前到家。Doyouknowthelawyerwhoundertookthecase?你认识负责处理此案的律师吗？Reluctantlyheundertookthetask.他勉勉强强地接受了这一使命。46Heun

dertooktopreserveastrictlyneutralposition.他承诺严守中立。错误!未找到引用源。coincidevi.一致，相符（with）Thecentresofthetwocirclescoincide.这两个圆的圆点重合。Theycannotg

otothetheatretogetherbecausehisfreetimenevercoincidewithhers.他们不能一起去看戏，因为他和她从来都不是同时有空。Thejudgesdidn’tcoincideinopinion.法官们意见不一。错误!未找到引用源。gamblevi

./vt.1、赌博，打赌（on）；2、投机，冒险Theygambledontheresultofacompetition.他们对竞赛的结果打赌。Theyoungmanhasgambledeverythingaway

.那个年轻人把什么都输掉了。Iwouldn’tgambleonJim‘spayingthebillifIwereyou.假如我是你，我不会期望杰姆付账的。Hegambledhissavingstostartasmallshop.他孤注一掷用自己的积蓄开了一家小商店。n.1、赌博；

2、投机，冒险Theoperationmaynotsucceed;it’sagamblewhetherthepatientlivesordies.手术可能不成功，病人的生死是一次冒险。错误!未找到引用源。goinfor1、参加，

从事；2、以。。。为兴趣，爱好I’mgoingtogoinforthefinalexaminationnextweek.下星期我将参加期末考试。Asmyintellectisnotadaptedforscience,Imustgoinfo

rart.我的头脑不适应科学，我应该学艺术。Whatsportsdoyougoinfor?你喜欢哪些体育项目？Inourdepartment,everystudentgoesinforafter-schoolactivities.我们系的每个学生都喜欢课外活动。2、常考句型1、如

果社会强迫他去做他不乐意的事，他就不可能真正快乐。P1Hecannotbereallyhappyifheiscompelledbysocietytodowhathedoesnotenjoydoing,orifwhatheenjoysdoin

gisignoredbysocietyasofnovalueorimportance.2、劳作或工作，不取决于工作本身，而取决于从事这项工作的人喜好。P3Whetherajobistobeclassifiedaslabororworkdepends,notonthejobitself,b

utonthetastesoftheindividualwhoundertakesit.3、比如，这二者区别与体力劳动脑力劳动之间的区别并不是一致。P3Thedifferencedoesnot,forexample,coincidewiththedifference

betweenamanualandamentaljob.4、因此他会很自然地想象自己被迫劳动的时间越短自由娱乐的时间越长就越好。P347Sothatitisnaturalforhimtoimaginethatthefewerhourshehastospendlaboring,andthemore

hoursheisfreetoplay,thebetter.3、习题一、单词词组英译汉：1.compel2.voluntary3.undertake4.coincide5.manual6.efficiency7.compulsion8.division9.eliminate10

.boring11.amusement.sofaras…knows.tocoincidewith.attitudetoward.togoinfor二、句子英译汉：1.~4.与常考句型相同。5.Thisinstincthastodowit

hthepoliticalnatureofworkitself,somethingeverymodernworkerunderstands.(para.3)6.Thebosseswantmorefromtheworkerthantheyarewi

llingtogiveinreturn.(para.3)7.Agoodworkerinakeyspotcould,solongashekeptupproduction,takeallthecoffeebreakshewanted.(para.3)8.Ihav

esearchedmymindinvainforapolitewaytotellthatreadertogotohell.(para.4)9.Ifyouarethatreader,Iwouldrecommendthatyouabandonyouroutragean

dbeginthinkingabutdoingsomethingsimilarforyourself.(para.5)10.Theyalsolikeitforanotherreason,eveniftheywill

notadmitit:itmakesitverydifficultfortheworkertodoanythingotherthanwork.otherthan除了…以外三、汉译英1.如果他被迫去做他不乐意做的事，他不可能高兴。Hec

an'tbehappyifheiscompelledtodowhathedoesn'tenjoydoing.Ifheiscompelledtodowhatheisunwillingtodo,hecannotbehappy.2

.一件工作被算成是劳作还是工作取决于个人的喜好。Whetherajobistobeclassifiedaslabororworkdependsonone'sinterest.3.广义上说，任何人作的工作都对社会有益。Inabr

oadsense,whatanyonedoesisbeneficialtothesociety.Ingeneral,whatonedoesisofsocialvalue.4.劳作与工作之间的区别与体力劳动与脑力劳动的区别并不一样。Thedifferencebetweenlabora

ndworkdoesnotcoincidewiththatbetweenamanualandamentaljob;5.技术与劳动分工在许多领域结束了对熟练工的需求。Technologyandthedivisionoflaborhaveel

iminatedinmanyfieldstheneedforskilledworkers.4、历年试题1.Theimportantofthese_____(vary)accordingtothenatureofone'slife-style.(99.10)48答案：varies。2.汉译英：

他被迫接受了一份他自己毫无兴趣的工作。答案：Heiscompelledtotakeajob.3.Amancannotbereallyhappyifwhatheenjoys____(do)isignoredbysociet

yasofnovalueorimportance.（00.10）答案：doing。考点：enjoy后跟名词或动名词作宾语。Translation1.一个人如果被社会强迫去做他不乐意的事情，他就不可能真正快乐。答：Amancann

otbereallyhappyifheiscompelledbysocietytodowhathedoesnotenjoydoing.2.工作与劳动的区别不在于脑力劳动与体力劳动的区别。答：Thediff

erencebetweenworkandlabordoesnotlieinthedifferencebetweenmentalandmanualjobs.3.他说老板给他的工作他毫无兴趣。答：Hesa

ysthejobhisboosoffershimisofnointeresttohim.4.一个人是工作者还是劳动者可以从他对休闲的态度上看出来。答案答：Whetheroneisaworkerorlaborercanbeseenformhisattitudeto

wardleisure.5.对他来说，休闲意味着没有强制。答：Tohim,leisuremeansfreedomfromcompulsion.UNIT141、wordstudycapture,foster,avail,suspect,convince错误!未找到引用源

。capturevt.1、捕获；2、夺得，占领Capturedbytheenemy,thesoldierswereindangerofbeingshot.战士们被敌人俘虏后处于被枪毙的危险。It’seasiertocaptur

ethecastlefromwithin.堡垒更容易从内部攻破。49n.1、捕获，夺得；2、捕获物Helayperfectlystillandplayeddeadtoescapecapturebytheenemy.他一动不动地躺在地上装死，以逃避被敌人俘获。Thefirstcapt

ureofthedaywasafox.那天第一件猎物是一只狐狸。错误!未找到引用源。fostervt.1、鼓励，促进；2、养育，抚养；3、报（希望等）a.收养的SomeAmericanfilmsfosterfeelingsofhatredbetweennations.有些美国电影散播国家之间

的仇恨情绪。Wefosteredtheboywhilehismotherwasinhospital.这男孩的母亲住院时，由我们抚养他。Theoperationfosteredhopeinthepatient.手术使病人又产生了希望。错误!未找到引用源。availvt

./vi.有利，有助toawailoneselfof意思是“利用”Themedicinedidn’tavailagainstthedisease.这药对这种病没有产生疗效。Talkwillavaillittlewi

thoutwork.光说不做没什么用处。Alloureffortavaileduslittle.我们徒劳无功。Hequicklyavailedhimselfoftheopportunitytowinoversu

pporters.他迅速利用那次机会来争取支持者。n.好处，用处。Weprotestedbutto(或of)noavail.我们提出了抗议，但没有效果。错误!未找到引用源。suspectvt.疑有；推测suspe

ct后面可接宾语从句，直接宾语，宾语后的行为用动词不定式或of介词短语表示。Hesuspectedaschemeagainsthislife.他怀疑有人要谋害他的性命。Thesecuritydepartmentsuspec

tedhimofgivinginformationtoaforeigncompany.安全部门怀疑他向一家外国公司提供情报。Hewassuspectedtohavegotlungcancer.他被怀疑得了肺癌。Scientistssus

pectthattheseismicinstrumentfailedtomonitortheshiftofrocklayers.科学家们怀疑地震仪没能监视岩石层的移动。Thereisreasontosuspectthatthedeathoccurredbetween6.30and

7o’clocklastnight.n.嫌疑犯，可疑分子Twosuspectsarenowinprisoninconnectionwiththekilling.与杀人案有关的两个嫌疑犯已被关进监狱。错误!未找到引用源。convince50vt.1、使确信

，使信服；2、使认识错误（或罪行）宾语后面可接动词不定式或of介词短语。Icaneasilyconvinceyouofhisignorance.(=Icaneasilyconvinceyouthatheisignorant.)我可以很容易地使你相信他的无知。Hewasconvincedtowit

hdrawfromrunningforthepresidency.他被说服退出总统竞选。Hewasfirmlyconvincedthatriskaccompaniesdecisions.他坚信做决定总要冒风险。2、常考句型1、正

是在凯瑟琳温斯顿衬衣口袋里发现的这盘微型卡式录音带使得警察找到了杀害她的凶手嫌疑人，也正是它展现了新泽西州的这位老师具有非凡的勇气和同情心。P1ItwasamicrocassettefoundinKathleenWeinstein’sshirtpocketthatnotonl

yledpolicetoherallegedkillerbutalsorevealedtheNewJerseyteachertobeawomanofextraordinarycourageandcompassion.本句是个强调句，另外注意found的用法。2、据警察推测，温

斯顿正是在这里才得以打开放在她包里的录音机。P2Itwasthere,policebelieve,thatWeinsteinwasabletoactivatetherecordershekeptinherbag.本句是强调句。3、3月17日一名徒步旅行者发现了温斯顿的尸体

，她的手脚被捆绑着。P4Weinstein’sbody,withhandsandfeetbound,wasdiscoveredbyahikerinMarch.4、但在她死前，她没让歹徒知道，偷偷把微型录音机放进了自己的衣袋里。P4Butbeforeshediedshesomeh

owslippedthemicrocassetteintoherpocketwithoutherkillerknowingit.3、习题一、词汇英译汉：1.device2.compassion3.grab4.belonging5.threatening6.convince7.foster8.

persuasion9.avail10.suspect11.profound.toconvincesb.todosth..tocommenton二、句子英译汉：1.~4.与常考句型相同。5.Herpowersofpersuasionweretonoava

il.6.HewillnotcommentonLaSane'ssideoftheconversation三、汉译英：1.她的劝说以失败而告终。Herpersuasionsweretonoavail.(endinafailure)2.我们每人都应为他人做点事，付出

点东西。Weallshoulddosomethingforsomebody,togivesomethingback.Eachofusshoulddosomethingforothers,offersomethingto

others.3.这个年轻人的故事值得我们深思。Thestoryoftheyoungmanisworththinkingabout.4.女教师超人的勇气与同情心鼓舞许多学生为他人做好事。Theextraordinarycourageandcompassionofwomanteacherencou

ragedmanystudentstodogooddeedsforothers...515.一位具有非凡勇气的女教师与要杀她的凶手辩论。Theextraordinarycouragewomanteacherreasonedwithherkiller.4、历年试题1.Itwasthere

,thepolicebelieve,____shewasabletoactivatetherecordershekeptinherbag.A.untilB.whichC.thatD.when答案：C。考点：

本题主要考查强调句。2.Herbody,withhandsandfeet____(bind),wasdiscoveredbyatravelerearlyinthemorning.答案：bound。考点

：本题主要考查with+名词+过去分词为独立结构做状语。UNIT151、wordstudypersist,ultimate,conquer,possess,distinguishbetween错误!未找到引用源。persistvi.1、坚持，固执（in）；2、持续，存

留Ifyoupersistinignoringmyinstructions,Ishallhavetopunishyou.如果你坚持不听我的命令，我将不得不惩罚你。Onthetopsofveryhighmountainssnowpersiststhroughouttheyear.高山顶上的积雪终

年不化。错误!未找到引用源。ultimatea.最后的，最终的Wedon’tknowtheultimateresult.我不知道最终的结果。Whethertheuniversehasultimatelimitsisstillaquestion.宇宙有无极限仍然是个有

争议的问题。Hisultimategoalistoodistantandshadowytoobtain.他的最终目标太遥远，又太模糊，难以实现。错误!未找到引用源。conquervt.征服，战胜Mancanconquernatur

e.人定胜天。Itisverydifficulttoconquerthecigarettehabit.烟很难戒掉。vi.得胜，胜利Despitetheirdiffierences,theirlovewi

llconquer.尽管他们之间有种种分歧，他们的恋爱必会成功。52错误!未找到引用源。possessvt.具有，拥有Televisionpossessesauniquemagic.电视具有独特的魔力。Hedr

eamedofpossessingafancycar.他梦想拥有一辆很别致的汽车。ShepossessesalittleFrench.她懂一点法语。错误!未找到引用源。distinguishbetween分辨，区分It’sreallyatoughjobtodisting

uishbetweenthesesubtledifferencesofmeaning.把这些词义的细微差别区分开来确实是件很难办的事。Howdoyoudistinguishbetweenvariousspeciesofdeer?你怎样区分不同种类的鹿？2、常考句型1

、电脑能减少生命研究中的很多死胡同。P2Electronicbrainscanreducetheprofusionofdeadendsinvolvedinvitalresearch.2、电脑也不能把人和应该与人有关

系的事情联系起来，例如别人痛苦的现实。Nordotheyconnectamantothethingshehastobeconnectedto–therealityofpaininothers.注意本句的倒装形式。并且注意“connect…to”表示“把…与…连接起来”。3、在计算机化时代，这些问题

之所以重要是因为人们可能倾向于把数据误认为智慧。P3Thereasonthesemattersareimportantinacomputerizedageisthattheremaybeatendencytomistakeda

taforwisdom.本句中注意“tendency”后面要接动词不定式作定语。另外“mistake…for”表示“把…错认为…”。4、因为人类被计算机控制的危险固然存在，但人类若模仿计算机改造人类自身则更可怕。P9Forthedangerisnotso

muchthatmanwillbecontrolledbythecomputerasthathemayimitateit.3、习题一、词汇英译汉：1.solely2.content3.sensible4.persist5.vital6.logic7.evaluate8.r

aw9.ultimate10.functional11.extension12.undue13.concrete14.conquer15.error16.prolong17.technician18.proof19.

possesstopulldown.tomistake…for.todistinguishbetween.tocometotermswith.toendin.toreflecton.tocomeabout.tospeculateon二、句子英译汉：1.~4.与常考句型

相同。5.6.7.8.补充语法知识中的四个并列结构的句子三、汉译英1.计算机将人类带入了一个新时代Computershavetakenhumanbeingsintoanewera.Thecomputerhasbroughtmanintoanewage.532.电脑能帮助解决生命研

究中的许多问题。Electronicbrainscanhelptosolvemanyproblemsinvolvedinvitalresearches.3.亚里士多德说过，诗人擅长描绘共性而专家只长于某一特性。Aristotlesaidapoethastheadvantageo

fdescribingtheuniversalwhileaspecialistisgoodatexpressingonlytheparticular.4.现在有一种倾向，将计算机里的数据错当成智慧。Nowthereisatendencytomistaked

atainacomputerforwisdom.5.计算机在工业领域的应用使生产效率发生了惊人的变化。Theuseofcomputersinindustryhasbroughtaboutremarkablechangesinproductivity.Theapplicati

onofcomputerintheindustrialfieldshasresultedinsurprisingchangesinproductivity.Unit15课后单元自测I.WordSpelling1.跳跃，

飞跃n.l___2.生命的，极其重要的a.v____3.坚持v.p______4.征服，战胜v.c______5.普遍的a.u________6.延长v.p______7.保护，捍卫v.s________8.拥有v.p______

9.技术员n.t_________10.模糊的，难解的a.o______11.真正的，真实的a.g______12.确定性n.c________13.分析n.a_______14.生的，未加工的a.r__15.信心n.c_____

____16.次要的a.s________17.使结合v.i________18.路线，航线n.r____19.经济学n.e________20.学生，瞳孔n.p____Ⅱ.WordForm1.Computermay____(regard)asasubst

ituteforintelligenceinsteadofanextensionofit.2.Electronicbrainscanreducetheprofusionofdeadends____(involve)invitalresearch.3.Factsareterr

iblethingsifleft____(spread).4.Thenumbermaybeanirrelevantnumberuntiljudgment____(pronounce).5."Givemeagoodfruitfulerror,fu

llofseeds,____(burst)withitsowncorrections,"FerrisGreensletwrote,"Youcankeepyoursteriletruthforyourself."6.Thepoetcanhelpsupply

thesubconsciouswithmaterial____(enhance)itssensitivity.7.Theyareactuallythe____(raw)ofrawmaterialscryingtobeprocessedintothetex

tureoflogic.548.Manmayfail____(distinguish)betweentheintermediateoperationsofelectronicintelligenceandtheultimateresponsibilitiesofh

umandecision.9.Thefastest____(grow)industryinAmericatodaymaybethecontinuingprofessionaleducationofhighlyschooledadults.10.For30years,employers____(

hire)graduatesfortheirdegreesratherthantheirabilities.Ⅲ.VocabularyandStructure1.Butthequestionpersists___

_thecomputerwillmakeiteasierorharderforhumanbeingstoknowwhotheyreallyare.[A]when[B]how[C]why[D]whether2.Theremaybeaten

dencytomistakedata____wisdom,justastherehasalwaysbeenatendencytoconfuselogic____values.[A]withwith[B]forfor[

C]withfor[D]forwith3.Itmayberegardedasasubstituteforintelligence____anextensionofit.[A]insteadof[B]exceptfor[C]aswellas[D]such

as4.Itmayfostertheillusionthatmanisaskingfundamentalquestionswhenactuallyheisaskingonlyfunctional____.[A]one[B]ones[C]that[D]t

hose5.Menwerechallengedbyerrorandwouldnotstopthinkingandexploring____theyfoundbetterapproachesfordealingwithit.[A]though

[B]while[C]until[D]otherwise6.Thedangerisnot____thatmanwillbecontrolledbythecomputerasthathemayimitateit.[A]som

any[B]somuch[C]toomany[D]toomuch7.The____ofpoetsmayenablethementoseeawiderrangeofpossibilitiesthantechnologyal

onemayinspire.[A]companion[B]companions[C]company[D]companies8.Easyandconvenient____tofactscanproduceunlimitedgood.[A]acces

s[B]advance[C]advice[D]acceptance9.Itrequiresaveryunusualmindto____theanalysisofafact.[A]undergo[B]unde

rlie[C]undertake[D]undermine10.Thepoetcanhelptokeepmanfrommakinghimself____intheimageofthecomputer.[A]out[B]over[C]up[D]forⅣ.C-ETranslation1.

计算机可能使人们对具体问题的答案过分自信。2.人们倾向于把智力和洞察力混为一谈。553.人们可能意识不到自我接受的必要性。4.诗人提醒人类注意自身的独特性。5.对这个问题进行思索就是一个收获。Unit15单元自测答案I.WordSpelling1.leap2.vital3.persist

4.conquer5.universal6.prolong7.safeguard8.possess9.technician10.obscure11.genuine12.certainty13.analysis14.raw15.confidence16.secondary17.inte

grate18.route19.economics20.PupilⅡ.WordForm1.beregarded2.involved3.spreading4.ispronounced5.bursting6.toenhance7.rawest8.

todistinguish9.growing10.havebeenhiringⅢ.VocabularyandStructure1.D2.D3.A4.B5.C6.B7.C8.A9.C10.BⅣ.C-ETranslation1.The

computermaypromoteundueconfidenceinconcreteanswers.2.Thereisatendencytoconfuseintelligencewithinsight./M

entendtoconfuseintelligencewithinsight.3.Menmaynotrealizetheneedtocometotermswiththemselves.4.Thepoetremindsmenoftheiruniqueness.5

.Tospeculateonthisquestionisagain.4、历年试题1.Ineducation,thereshouldbeagoodbalanceamongthebranchesofknowledgethatcontribut

e_____effectivethinkingandwisejudgement.（00.10）A.atB.inC.forD.to答案：D。考点：本题主要考查词组contributeto“有助于…”2.Allthecharacteristicst

hatdistinguishbirds____otheranimalscanbetracedtoprehistorictimes.(02.4)A..toB.betweenC.forD.from答案：D。本题主要考查词组distinguish…from“从…区别出”。56

3.Itisbecomingincreasinglycleartopolicy-makers______schoolscannotsolvealltheproblemsofthelargercommunity.（02.10）A.thatB.what

C.whenD.who答案答案：A。考点：本句是一个主语从句，因此要填that。Translation1.人们倾向于把智力和洞察力混为一谈。答：Thereisatendencytoconfuseintelligencewithinsight./Mentendtoconfuseintelli

gencewithinsight.2.我们对计算机技术的最大需要是提高速度和减少体积。答：Ourbiggestneedincomputertechnologyisnotforincreasedspeedandreducedsize.3.诗人提

醒人类注意自身的独特性。答：Thepoetremindsmenoftheiruniqueness.4.很遗憾他不能区别知识与智慧的不同。答：Itisregrettablethathefailstodist

inguishbetweenknowledgeandintelligence.5.计算机可能使人们对具体问题的答案过分自信。答：Thecomputermaypromoteundueconfidenceinconcrete

answers.前10课是重点课文重点句型复习三大原则：1．吃透A课文，看懂B课文；2．背熟可能考汉译英的句子；3．关注含有重点语法的句子。参考书：《大学英语自学教程（下册）——自学与自测指导》（高远主编），北京航空航天大学出版社57Unit11．Thepurposeo

fmakingadecisionistoestablishandachieveorganizationalgoalsandobjectives.P12．Managersmustmakeabestguessatwhat

thefuturewillbeandtrytoleaveaslittleaspossibletochance.P23．Formanagers,everydecisionhasconstraintsbasedonpolicies,procedures,laws,precede

nts,andthelike.P34．Butthetendencytosimplifyblindsthemtootheralternatives.P45．Decisionmakersmusthavesomewayofdeterminingwhichofsever

alalternativesisbest—thatis,whichcontributesthemosttotheachievementoforganizationalgoals.P66．Differentindividualsfrequently

havedifferentideasabouthowtoattainthegoals,thebestchoicemaydependonwhomakesthedecision.P67．Peopleoftenassumethatadecisionisanisolat

edphenomenon.P98．Theliterarycriticsshouldbeasobjectiveaspossibleinanalysisandjudgment.9．Sheisalwaysreadytoarg

ueoverthesmallestissues.10．Iarguedhimoutofgoingonsuchadangerousjourney.11．Althoughhethoughthewashelpinguswiththejob,

hewasonlyintheway.Unit212．Thetermswewouldnormallyusetodescribeascientificphenomenonareinadequatehere.P113.Astronomersandscientists

thinkthatablackholeisaregionofspaceintowhichmatterhasfallenandfromwhichnothingcanescape.P114.Somestarsexplodewhentheirdensityincreases

toaparticularpoint.P215.Thisprocessofshrinkingmaybesointensethatablackholeresults.P216.Itisonlyrecentlythatastronomershavebegunspecificr

esearchintoblackholes.P317.Veryadvancedtechnologycouldonedaymakeuseoftheenergyofblackholesformankind.P518.He

hasexertedallhisstrengthtoattainhisgoal.19.Hehasbeenexertingalotofpressureonmetochangemymind.20.Thecollapseofthegovernmentleftthecountryinconfus

ion.21.Theresearchgrouplaunchedoutintoaseriesofnewexperiments.Unit322.Eachtimeitisshown,theprogramstartsan

ationwidedebateonthesubject.P323.Inadditiontothis,aseconddoctormustconfirmthatthesecriteriahavebeenmet.P424.Inthevastmajorityofeuthan

asiacases,whatthepatientisactuallyaskingforissomethingelse.P75825.Euthanasiadoesn’ttakeintoaccountthattherearewaysofcaringforthedyin

g.P826.Anythingthatlegallyallowstheshorteningoflifedoesmakethosepeoplemorevulnerable.P827.Instructionswillbesentimmediatelyonre

quest.28.Manypeopleopposedbuildinganewhighwaybecauseofthegreatcost.29.Sheborethewholeburdenofraisingtwochildrenalone.30.Studentsarehe

avilyburdenedwithhomeassignments.31.Thecommitteedemandsthatnomember(should)beabsent.Unit432.Ofthese20,000,justunder2000arebeingexploitedandab

usedbytheiremployers.P133.Inoneofthem,aFilipinomaidwasexecutedinSingaporeafterbeingconvictedofmurder,despiteprotestsfromvariousquartersthatherguiltha

dnotbeenadequatelyestablished.P334.Iwassupposedtobepaid￡120butIneverreceivedthatamount.P435.Myemployersalwaysthreat

enedtoreportmetotheHomeOfficeorthepolice.P636.Manypeopledoubtwhetherthiswillsuccessfullyreducetheincid

enceofabuse.P837.Soiftheydocomplain,theyriskbeingdeported.P838.Itistherighttochangeemployerswhichdistinguishesemploymentfromslavery.P93

9.ThestudentexploitseverypossibilitytolearnEnglish.40.Ourcountryislaunchingacampaignagainstwaste.41.W

eshouldbealwaysawareofthestatusofworldaffairs.42.Therearelikelytobemoredifficultiesthanyouwerepreparedfor.Unit543.Thenewm

usicwasbuiltoutofmaterialsalreadyinexistence.P144.Theyfreelytookoverelementsfromjazz,fromAmericancountrymu

sic,andastimewentonfromevenmorediversesources.P245.Whatdevelopedwasamusicreadilytakingonvariousformsandc

apableofanalmostlimitlessrangeofexpression.P246.Instudiorecordings,newtechniquesmadepossibleeffectsthatnotevenanelectronicba

ndcouldproducelive.P347.Electronicamplifiersalsomadepossibleafantasticincreaseinvolume,themusicbecomingasloudandpenetratingasthehuman

earcouldstand.P348.Oftenmusicwasplayedoutofdoors,wherenatureprovidedtheenvironment.P449．Thesocialandpol

iticaltransformationofacountryisessentialtothedevelopmentofthesociety.50．Alltheoriesoriginatefrompracticeandinturnservepractice.59Unit651.Robots,b

ecomingincreasinglyprevalentinfactoriesandindustrialplantsthroughoutthedevelopedworld,areprogrammedandengineeredtoperformindustrialtaskswithout

humanintervention.P152.Therobotsusedinnuclearpowerplantshandletheradioactivematerials,preventinghumanpersonnelfrombeingexposedtoradiati

on.P353.Robotsdifferfromautomaticmachinesinthataftercompletionofonespecifictask,theycanbereprogrammedbyacomputertodoanotherone.P454.Othere

ngineersarewritingnewprogramsallowingrobotstomakedecisionssuchaswhethertodiscarddefectivepartsinfinishedproducts.P655.Thesefuturerob

ots,assembledwithasenseoftouchandtheabilitytoseeandmakedecisions,willhaveplentyofworktodo.P756.Anyonewantingtounderstandtheindustryofthef

uturewillhavetoknowaboutrobotics.P757.Hiswordscastanewlightontheproblem.58.WeshouldbeawareofthedangersofexposingchildrentoviolenceonTV.Unit759.Peop

leinadvancedindustrialsocietiesareincreasinglyconcernedwithopportunitiesforleisureandwhattheycandointheirle

isuretime.P160.Generallyspeaking,thequalityoflife,especiallyasseenbytheindividual,ismeaningfulintermsofthed

egreetowhichthesevariousareasoflifeareavailableorprovidesatisfactiontotheindividual.P261.Thespecificuseofleisurevar

iesfromindividualtoindividual.P462.Experiencesofadifferentnature,beittelevisionwatchingorbird-watching,canleadtoaself-renewalandamore“balan

ced”wayoflife.P563.Suchattitudesamounttoarecognitionthatleisureisanimportantareaoflifeandabeliefthatlei

surecanandshouldbeputtogooduse.P664.Toimpartpositiveleisureattitudestothegeneralpublicisessentialformotivatingt

hemtousetheirleisureincreativeandsatisfyingways.P765.Itcanbearguedthatthepeoplewithwhomwecomeintocontactinthesevariouscontextsarealllikelytohaveex

ertedsomeinfluenceinshapingourattitudes,interestsandevenskillsrelevanttohowwehandleleisure.P766.Themoreseriouslythisissought,themore

likelypositiveattitudestowardsleisureaswellasacademicworkwillbeencouraged.P967.Youhavetoattachalabeltoaboxwhilepostingit.68.Weshouldmakeourlivesre

levanttotheneedsofthecountry.69.Healwayshassomepositiveideasoncompanypolicy.Unit870.TheproblemofJetLagisoneeveryinternationaltravelercomesa

crossatsometime.P16071.Theeffectsofrapidtravelonthebodyareactuallyfarmoredisturbingthanwerealize.P272.Helaterblamedhispoo

rjudgmentonJetLag.P373.NowthatweunderstandwhatJetLagis,wecangosomewaytoovercomingit.P574.Intime,thephysi

ologicalsystemwillresetitself,butitdoestaketime.P875.Itisnotfeasibletowaitfourdaysuntilthebodyisusedtothenewtimezone.P1076.Thatisbyn

omeansthebestwayofproceeding.77.Hedidn’ttakealarmatthenews.78.Thepianistpromotedagrandbenefitconcert.79.Hedidn’twanttobetiedtoasteady

job.Unit980.Thenearerasocietyapproximatestozeropopulationgrowth,theolderitspopulationislikelytobe—atleast,foranyfuturethatconcernsusnow.P381.T

othesenowfamiliarfactsanumberoffurtherfactsmaybeadded,someofthemonlyrecentlyrecognized.P482.Thereistheappreciationofthesalienthistoricaltru

ththattheagingofadvancedsocietieshasbeenasuddenchange.P483.Takentogether,thesethingshaveimplicationswhichareon

lybeginningtobeacknowledged.P584.ThereisoftenresistancetotheideathatitisbecausethebirthratefellearlierinW

esternandNorthwesternEuropethanelsewhere,…thatwehavegrownsoold.P685.Longlifeisalteringoursociety,ofcourse,butinexperientia

lterms.P686.Youraccountofwhathappenedapproximatestotherealfacts.87.Hisearningsareoutofallproportiontohisskillandability

.Unit1088.Aminor-partyorindependentcandidate,…candrawvotesawayfromthemajor-partynomineesbutstandsalmo

stnochanceofdefeatingthem.P289.Indecidingwhethertopursueacourseofaction,theytrytoestimateitslikelyimpactonthevoters.P490.Thesloganwasme

antasaremindertothecandidateandthestafftokeepthecampaignfocusedonthenation’sslow-movingeconomy.P491.Whet

hervotersacceptthisimage,however,dependsmoreonexternalfactorsthanonacandidate’spersonalcharacteristics.P592.Asin1980,whenJim

myCarterlosttoRonaldReaganduringtougheconomictimes,thevotersweremotivatedlargelybyadesireforchange.P493.Bushtriedtostirimage

sofhisstrongleadershipofthewar,butvotersremainedconcernedabouttheeconomy.P594.Theinventionisgoingtocause

abigstirintheworld.95.Youshouldsaveupmoneytomakeprovisionforthefuture.61Unit1196.Animalresearchisirrelevan

ttoourhealthanditcanoftenproducemisleadingresults.P497.Itwouldbecompletelyirresponsibleandunethicaltousedrug

sonpeoplethathadnotbeenthoroughlytestedonanimals.P598.Oneexperimentinnerveregenerationinvolvescuttingabignerveinar

at’sleg,leavingitslegparalysed.P1099.Evenwiththesenewdevelopmentsinresearch,onlyatinyproportionofalltestsaredonewithoutusinganimalsatsomes

tage.P11100.Theuseofanimalsinexperimentscannotstopimmediatelyifmedicalresearchistocontinueandconsumerproductsaretobeproperlytest

ed.P11101.Whenitcomestoresearchintoheartdiseaseanditseffectsonthebody,wedonothaveadequatesubstitutesfortheuseofanimals.P12102

.Iwassurprisedtoseehisroominsuchalitter.103.Theconditionsthatexistedtenyearsagoarereproducedtoday.Unit12104.Untilrecentlydaydreaming

wasgenerallyconsideredeitherawasteoftimeorasymptomofneurotictendencies.P1105.Atitsbest,daydreamingwas

consideredacompensatorysubstitutefortherealthingsinlife.P1106.Aswithanythingcarriedtoexcess,daydreamingcanbeharmful.P2107.

Thereisagrowingbodyofevidencetosupportthefactthatmostpeoplesufferfromalackofdaydreamingratherthananexcessofit.P2108.Daydreamingsignificantlycont

ributestointellectualgrowth,powerofconcentration,andtheabilitytointeractandcommunicatewithothers.P31

09.Daydreamingresultedinimprovedself-controlandenhancedcreativethinkingability.P5110.Contrarytopopularbelief,constanta

ndconsciouseffortatsolvingaproblemis,inreality,oneofthemostinefficientwaysofcopingwithit.P6111.Wheneverconfrontedwithataskwhichseemedtoohardtob

edealtwith,hewouldstretchoutonhislaboratorysofaandletfantasiesfloodhismind.P7112.Theimportantthingtorememberistopicturethesedesiredobj

ectivesasifyouhadalreadyattainedthem.P11113.Daydreamingishighlybeneficialtoyourphysicalandmentalwell-being.P13114.Escapebeingimpossible

,therabbitturnedtoconfrontthedog.115.Thedifficultiesthatconfrontuscannotbeovercome.Unit13116.Hecannotbereallyhappyifheiscompelledbysoc

ietytodowhathedoesnotenjoydoing,orifwhatheenjoysdoingisignoredbysocietyasofnovalueorimportance.P162117.Inasocietywhereslaveryinthestrictsensehasb

eenabolished,thesignthatwhatamandoesisofsocialvalueisthatheispaidmoneytodoit.P1118.Whatfromthepointofviewofsocietyisnecessarylab

orisfromhisownpointofviewvoluntaryplay.P3119.Whetherajobistobeclassifiedaslabororworkdepends,notonthejobitself,butonthetas

tesoftheindividualwhoundertakesit.P3120.Itisalreadypossibletoimagineasocietyinwhichthemajorityofthepopulation,th

atistosay,itslaborers,willhavealmostasmuchleisureasinearliertimeswasenjoyedbythearistocracy.P5121.Themassesaremorelikelytoreplacea

nunchangingritualbyfashionwhichitwillbeintheeconomicinterestofcertainpeopletochangeasoftenaspossible.P5

122.Workersseldomcommitactsofviolence,becausetheycanputtheiraggressionintotheirwork,beitphysicalliketheworkofasmith,ormentallikethewor

kofascientistoranartist.P5123.Theywereoftencompelledtoworktwelveorfourteenhoursaday.124.Thepoliceundertookdetail

edandcomprehensiveinvestigationsintothecase.Unit14125.Thedevice,though,woulddomuchmorethancapturealecture.P1126.

ItwasamicrocassettefoundinKathleenWeinstein’sshirtpocketthatnotonlyledpolicetoherallegedkillerbutalsorevealedtheNewJerseyteachertobeawomanofextraord

inarycourageandcompassion.P1127.GrabbingWeinsteinbythejaw,theattackertoldherhehadagunandforcedherintotheCamry.P2128.Itwas

there,policebelieve,thatWeinsteinwasabletoactivatetherecordershekeptinherbag.P2129.Herpowerofpersuasionweretonoavail.P413

0.Weinstein’sbody,withhandsandfeetbound,wasdiscoveredbyahikerinMarch.P4131.Givenherfate,thenameofthepro

gramhasaheartbreakingresonancetoit:RandomActsofKindness.P5132.Theoperationfosteredhopeinthepatient.133.Wep

rotestedbuttonoavail.134.Hewasfirmlyconvincedthatriskaccompaniesdecisions.Unit15135.Thecomputermakespossibleamarvellou

sleapinhumanproficiency.P1136.Butthequestionpersistsandindeedgrowswhetherthecomputerwillmakeiteasierorharderforhumanbeingstoknowwhotheyreallyare

….P1137.Theremaybeatendencytomistakedataforwisdom,justastherehasalwaysbeenatendencytoconfuselogicwithvalues,andintelligencewithinsight.P3138.Toth

eextent,then,thatmanfailtodistinguishbetweentheintermediateoperationsofelectronicintelligenceandtheultimateresponsibilitiesofhuman

decision,the63computercouldproveadigression.P5139.Itmaypromoteundueconfidenceinconcreteanswers.P5140.…beforeweloseourselvesin

celebratingthevictory,wemightreflectonthegreatadvancesinthehumansituationthathavecomeaboutbecausemenwerechallengedbyerrora

ndwouldnotstopthinkingandexploringuntiltheyfoundbetterapproachesfordealingwithit.P6141.Forthedangerisnot

somuchthatmanwillbecontrolledbythecomputerasthathemayimitateit.P9142.Eventospeculateonitisagain.P1014

3.Ifyoupersistinignoringmyinstructions,Ishallhavetopunishyou.144.Hisultimategoalistoodistantandshadowytoobtain.145.D

espitetheirdifferences,theirlovewillconquer.146.Ithastakenhimalongtimetocometotermswiththefactthathewon''tbeabletogotocollege.