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统计学名词population母体sample样本census普查sampling抽样quantitative量的qualitative/categorical质的discrete离散的continuous连续的populationparameters母体参数sample

statistics样本统计量descriptivestatistics叙述统计学inferential/inductivestatistics推论/归纳统计学levelsofmeasurement衡量尺度nominalscale

名目尺度ordinalscale顺序尺度intervalscale区间尺度ratioscale比例尺度frequencydistribution次数分配relativefrequency相对次数ran

ge全距classmidpoint组中点classlimits组限classboundaries组界classwidth组距cumulativefrequency(以下)累加次数decumulativefrequency以上累加次数histog

ram直方图piechart饼图ogive肩形图frequencypolygon多边形图cumulativefrequencypolygon累加次数多边形图boxplot盒须图stemandleafplot枝叶图measuresofcentraltendency

中央趋势量数mean平均数median中位数mode众数locationmeasures位置量数percentile百分位数quartile四分位数decile十分位数dispersionmeasures分散量数

range全距interquartile-rangeIQR四分位距meanabsolutedeviation平均绝对离差variance变异数standarddeviation标准差coefficientofvariation变异系数left-skewed左偏negative

-skewed负偏right-skewed右偏positive-skewed正偏contingencytable列联表samplingdistribution(ofastatistic)(某个统计量的)抽样分布poin

testimate点估计值pointestimator点估计式unbiasedestimator不偏点估计式efficientestimator有效点估计式consistentestimator一致点估计式confidenceleve

l信赖水准confidenceinterval信赖区间nullhypothesis虚无假设alternativehypothesis对立假设left-tailedtest左尾检定right-tailedtest右尾检定two-tailedtest双尾检定test

statistic检定统计量criticalvalue临界值