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选修八Unit5[基础回顾]Ⅰ.单句语法填空(导学号02516357)1．Itisassumedthatstressismainlycausedbytoomuchwork.2．Ifyoudon'tliketheschoollunch,youhavethealte

rnativeofbringingyourown.3．Shehaskeptupphysicaltrainingforseveralyearswithoutinterruption(interrupt)．4．Themoreweare

awareofthesignificance(significant)ofthisfamoussaying,themorebenefitswewillgetinourdailystudyandjob.5．Ifyoustudy

inasystematic(system)way,youwon'tleaveanythingout.6．Theplantsneedtherightamountofsunlightandraintogrowandripen(ripe)．7．Themechanicwhowishestodo

hisworkwell,mustfirstsharpen(sharp)histools.8．Theescapedprisonergotarrested(arrest)immediatelyheturnedupattherailwaystationand

wassenttoprisonagain.9．Scientistshaveidentified(identify)morethanfortychemicalsintobaccosmokethatcausecancerinhumansa

ndanimals.10．Incontrasttoourignoranceofsavingfood,manypeopleespeciallythoseinpoverty-strickenareasaresufferingfromstar

vation(starve)．Ⅱ.单句改错(每句一错)(导学号02516358)1．Ihadnoalternativebutreporthimtotheheadteacher.report前加to2．Assumedthattheweatherisfavorable,farmerswillh

aveagoodharvest.Assumed→Assuming/Assume3．Hecouldhavefinisheditonschedule,butanyhowhefellbehind.anyhow→somehow4．I'mverysorrytointerruptwi

thyou,butIhavesomethingveryimportanttotellyou.去掉with5．Thesignificanceattachingtoanationaldayisverydifferentfromcountrytocoun

try.attaching→attachedⅢ.佳句写作(导学号02516359)1．他们急匆匆地到达公司，结果了解到他们被开除了。(onlyto作结果状语)答案：Theyhurriedtothecompany，only

tolearnthattheywerefired.2．看看我们现在所处的困境。要是我们接受了他的建议就好了。(ifonly)答案：Lookatthetroubleweareinnow.Ifonlywehadtakenhis

advice.3．看，我的妈妈正在切碎包饺子的肉。(cutup)答案：Look，mymotheriscuttingupthemeatformakingdumplings.4．假设他在七点回来的话，我们就开会。(assume)答案：A

ssume/Assumingthathecomesbackatseven，wewillhaveameeting.5．尽管下大雨，医护人员还是迅速地赶到事故现场。(inspiteof)答案：Inspiteof

theheavyrain，thedoctorsandnursesrushedtothesceneoftheaccident.[技能提升]Ⅰ.阅读理解(导学号02516360)TheancientMayancivilizationcollap

sedduetoacentury-longdrought,newresearchsuggests.MineralstakenfromBelize'sfamousunderwatercave，knownastheBlueHole，aswellaslagoons(环礁湖)nearby,showth

atanextremedroughtoccurredbetweenA.D.800andA.D.1,000,rightwhentheMayancivilizationended.Aftertherainsretur

ned,theMayansmovednorth－buttheydisappearedagainafewcenturieslater,andthatdisappearanceoccurredatthesametimeasanotherdryperiod,thesediments(

沉积物)reveal.Althoughthefindingsaren'tthefirsttotieadroughttotheendoftheMayanculture,thenewresultsstrengt

henthecasethatdryperiodswereindeedthecause.That'sbecausethedatacomefromseveralspotsinaregioncentraltotheMayan

heartland,saidstudyco-authorAndreDroxler,anEarthscientistatRiceUniversity.FromA.D.300toA.D．700,theMayancivi

lizationflourishedintheYucatanpeninsula.TheseancientMesoamericansbuiltgreatpyramids,masteredastronomy,anddevelopedbothawritingsystemandac

alendarsystem,whichisfamousforpredictingthattheworldwouldendin2012.ButinthecenturiesafterA.D.700,theciviliz

ation'sbuildingactivitiesslowedandtheculturefellintowarandunrest.Theevidenceforadroughthasbeengrowinginrecentyears.A2

012studyinthejournalScienceanalyzeda2,000-year-oldstalagmite(石笋)fromacaveinsouthernBelizeandfoundthatsharpdecreasesinrainfallcoincidedwith

periodsofdeclineintheculture.Butthedatacamefromjustonecave,whichmeantitwasdifficulttomakepredictionsfortheareaasawhole，Droxlersaid.Tolookfors

ignsofdrought,theteamdrilledthesedimentsintheBlueHoleofLighthouseLagoon,aswellasoneintheRhomboidreef.Thelagoonsweresurroundedon

allsidesbythickwallsofcoralreef.Duringstormsorwetterperiods,excesswaterrunsofffromriversandstreams，overtopstheretainingwalls,andisdep

ositedinathinlayeratthetopofthelagoon.Fromthere,allthesedimentsfromthesestreamssettletothebottomofthelagoon,pilingontopofeachothera

ndleavingarecordofthehistoricalclimate.TheteamfoundthatduringtheperiodbetweenA.D.800andA.D.1,000,whentheMayancivilizationcollapsed,th

erewerejustoneortwotropicalcyclones(气旋)everytwodecades,asopposedtotheusualfiveorsix.Afterthat,theMayamovednorth,buildingatsitessuchasChichenItza,in

whatisnowMexico.[语篇解读]玛雅文化如何消失是一个神秘话题。新研究发现：古玛雅文化的消失可能与长达一个世纪的干旱有关。1．WhathappenedafteranextremedroughtbetweenA．D.800andA.D.1,000

?A．TheMayansweresufferingaheavyflood.B．TheMayanssuddenlydisappearedfromtheearth.C．TheMayanswereoftenattackedbytropica

lcyclones.D．TheMayansmovedtoplacesinwhatisnowcalledMexico.解析：D[细节理解题。根据第二段“Aftertherainsreturned,theMayansmovednorth”和最后一段“Afterthat

,theMayamovednorth，buildingatsitessuchasChichenItza,inwhatisnowMexico”可知D为正确选项。]2．WhatisthemainideaofParagraph4?A．Theachievements

oftheMayancivilization.B．ThepredictiontheMayancivilizationmade.C．TheeffectstheMayancivilizationhadonhumans.D．Thebac

kgroundwheretheMayancivilizationbegan.解析：A[段落大意题。根据第四段第一句“FromA．D.300toA.D.700,theMayancivilizationflourishedintheYucatanpe

ninsula”以及后面举的例子可知本段主要介绍玛雅文明的繁荣。]3．WhydidtheteamdrillthesedimentsintheBlueHoleofLighthouseLagoon?A．TolearnhowtheBlueHolecameint

obeing.B．Toknowwhatliesonthebottomofthelagoon.C．Tostudytherecordofthehistoricalclimate.D．Toseehowexcesswaterrunsofffromriversandstreams

.解析：C[细节理解题。根据第七段第一句“Tolookforsignsofdrought”和最后一句“leavingarecordofthehistoricalclimate”可知C为正确选项。]4．WhatdidAndreDroxlerthinkoftheanalysisofth

e2,000-year-oldstalagmite?A．Amazing.B．Ridiculous.C．Reasonable.D．Unreliable.解析：D[推理判断题。根据第六段最后一句“Butthedatacamefromjustonecave,whichmeantitwasd

ifficulttomakepredictionsfortheareaasawhole,Droxlersaid”可知来自一个洞穴的数据，很难对整个地区做出正确的预测。]Ⅱ.完形填空(导学号02516361)

(2018·河北衡水中学一模)WhileIwaswaitinginlineatacoffeeshopearlier,awomandrovealongsidethequeueinamobilityscooter(踏板车).Therewason

lya__1__spacebetweenthelineofpeopleandthetables,whichshe__2__todrivealong.Shedroveovermyfootanddidn't

__3__sayingnothingatall.Igotannoyedandexpectedshewouldhave__4__，butthenIjustdecidedto__5__itandgotdowntoselec

tingwhichpastry(点心)togowithmycoffee.TheladyandIendedupsittingatadjacent(邻近的)tables.Shewasontheendofaro

wsothatshecouldparkher__6__.Afterabouthalfanhour，whenshehad__7__hercoffee,shegotupandbackontoherscooter.It__8__s

tart.Shetriedtoturnthekeyseveraltimes__9__shetelephonedtheplaceshepurchased(购买)itfrom.Anengineer__10__within5minutes.Theplacemusthavebeenlocal.I

couldn't__11__overhearing(偷听)theirconversation,anditturnedoutshehadjust__12__thescooterthatmorning.Thiswasherveryfirstoutinginit.Shefeltreally__13__

aboutdrivingit.__14__，shewasn'tusedtoitsspeed,norits__15__，andthiscombinationmadeitquite__16__todriveitthroughnarrowg

aps.Suddenly，Ifelt__17__forthelady.Itreallydidn't__18__meatallthatshe'ddrivenovermyfoot.Ihadmadeanassumption,__19__，thatapersondoingth

atshouldapologize.Nexttimeyou'reaboutto__20__someone，pauseforasecondandremindyourselfthatpeoplehavejudgedyouwithoutknowingwhatwasgoingoni

nyourmindoryourlife.[语篇解读]本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述了作者在被一个第一次骑踏板车的女性轧到脚，又目睹了对方骑车时的不安以及无法启动车子的遭遇后，开始变得同情对方并最终原谅对方的故事。1．A.privateB

．vastC．publicD．narrow解析：D[考查形容词辨析。由第二段最后一句中的“todriveitthroughnarrowgaps”可知，人群与桌子之间的空间狭小。D项意为“狭窄的”，符合语境。A项意为“

私有的，私人的”；B项意为“巨大的”；C项意为“公共的”，均与语境不符。]2．A.attemptedB．promisedC．declinedD．guaranteed解析：A[考查动词辨析。根据上文可知，人群与桌子之间的空间很狭小；又根据下文中的“drivealong”以

及“Shedroveovermyfoot”可知，她试图从中穿过。A项意为“试图”，attempttodosth.意为“试图做某事”，符合语境。B项意为“承诺”；C项意为“拒绝”；D项意为“保证”，均与语境不符。]3．A.callb

ackB．giveupC．lookbackD．cheerup解析：C[考查动词短语辨析。根据语境可知，她从作者的脚上面开了过去，没有回头看一下，并且什么都没有说。A项意为“回电话”；B项意为“放弃”；C项意为“回头看一下，回顾”；D项意为“使振作起来”。]4．A.ignore

dB．apologizedC．explainedD．forgiven解析：B[考查动词辨析。根据第三段最后一句中的“thatapersondoingthatshouldapologize”可知，作者当时很生气，希望她能道歉。A项意为“忽视，不理会”；B项意为“道歉”；C项意为“

解释”；D项意为“原谅”。]5．A.dismissB．makeC．replaceD．inspect解析：A[考查动词辨析。根据该句“Igotannoyedand...andgotdowntoselectingwhichpastry(点心

)togowithmycoffee.”并结合语境可知，前后表示转折，作者起初很生气，希望这位妇女能道歉，可一会儿之后，便不再理会这件事，开始认真挑选自己的点心了。A项意为“不予理会，不予考虑”；B项意为“制作”

；C项意为“代替”；D项意为“视察，检查”。]6．A.truckB．bikeC．carD．scooter解析：D[考查名词辨析。根据文章第一句“...awomandrovealongsidetheque

ueinamobilityscooter(踏板车)．”可知，她坐在最后一排的目的是可以停放她的踏板车，此处与开头的“scooter”照应。]7．A.pouredB．finishedC．orderedD．purchased解析：B[考查动词辨析。根据下

文中的“shegotupandbackontoherscooter”并结合语境可知，此处应指她喝完了咖啡然后起身去骑踏板车。A项意为“倾，倒”；B项意为“完成”；C项意为“命令，订购，点(酒菜等)”；D项意为“购买”。]8．A.needn'tB．should

n'tC．wouldn'tD．mustn't解析：C[考查情态动词辨析。根据下文中的“shetelephonedtheplaceshepurchased(购买)itfrom”以及第二段第一句“Anengineer__10__within5minutes.”可知，踏

板车坏了，启动不了。由此可知，C项“wouldn't”符合语境。A项意为“不必”；B项意为“不应该”；D项意为“禁止”，均与语境不符。]9．A.soB．untilC．unlessD．before解析：D[考查连词辨

析。根据语境可知，她在给卖踏板车的地方打电话之前，又尝试转动了几下钥匙。A项意为“因此”；B项意为“直到”；C项意为“除非”；D项意为“在„„之前”。]10．A.brokeinB．turnedupC．ranawayD．s

ettleddown解析：B[考查动词短语辨析。根据上文中的“shetelephonedtheplaceshepurchased(购买)itfrom”可知，在给卖踏板车的地方打电话之后，工程师在五分钟之内就到了。A项意为“闯入，打断”；B项意为“出现，露面，到达”；C

项意为“逃跑”；D项意为“定居，安定下来”。]11．A.tolerateB．allowC．resistD．postpone解析：C[考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“overhearing(偷听)theirconvers

ation”并结合语境可知，作者忍不住偷听了他们的谈话。A项意为“容忍”；B项意为“允许”；C项意为“抵制”；D项意为“推迟”。can't/couldn'tresistdoingsth.意为“忍不住做某事”，符合语境。]12．A.collectedB.stolenC．

fixedD．abandoned解析：A[考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“Thiswasherveryfirstoutinginit”可知，她那天上午刚从店里取了车，这是她第一次把它骑出来。A项意为“收集，领走”；B项意为

“偷”；C项意为“固定，修理”；D项意为“放弃，遗弃”。]13．A.concernedB．excitedC．confidentD．nervous解析：D[考查形容词辨析。根据下文中的“shewasn'tusedtoi

tsspeed”并结合常识可知，这是她第一次骑踏板车，所以她应该是很紧张。A项意为“担心的，忧虑的”；B项意为“兴奋的”；C项意为“有信心的”；D项意为“紧张的”。]14．A.DoubtfullyB．Ce

rtainlyC．FortunatelyD．Surprisingly解析：B[考查副词辨析。根据上文中的“Thiswasherveryfirstoutinginit”可知，这是她第一次骑踏板车出门，当然会不习

惯它的车速。A项意为“怀疑地”；B项意为“当然，肯定”；C项意为“幸运地”；D项意为“吃惊地”。]15．A.widthB．lengthC．weightD．height解析：A[考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“shewasn'tusedtoitsspeed

”和下文中的“todriveitthroughnarrowgaps”可知，她既不习惯车速，也不习惯它的宽度。width意为“宽度”，与下文中的“narrowgaps”照应，符合语境。]16．A.coolB．convenientC．stressfulD．de

sperate解析：C[考查形容词辨析。根据语境可知，她那天早上是第一次骑踏板车出门，她既不习惯它的车速，也不习惯它的宽度，这让她在狭小的空间里驾驭踏板车很有压力。A项意为“凉爽的，冷静的，酷的”；B项意为“方便的

”；C项意为“有压力的”；D项意为“令人绝望的，极度渴望的”。]17．A.pleasureB．regretC．appreciationD．sympathy解析：D[考查名词辨析。根据语境并结合上文描述这位女士骑车时的艰难可知，当了解到实情后，作者突然对这个妇女的

遭遇感到同情。A项意为“快乐”；B项意为“后悔”；C项意为“感激，欣赏”；D项意为“同情”。]18．A.strikeB．botherC．satisfyD．motivate解析：B[考查动词辨析。作者在知道了这位妇女的情况之后，很同情她，也不再恼火

她轧到了自己的脚。A项意为“给人印象，让人觉得”；B项意为“烦扰，使恼怒”；C项意为“使满足，使满意”；D项意为“激励，激发”。]19．A.otherwiseB．thereforeC．howeverD．besi

des解析：C[考查副词辨析。分析句子逻辑关系及语境可知，“Itreallydidn't__18__meatall”与“apersondoingthatshouldapologize”前后两部分构成转折关系，且中间用逗号隔开，故此处应用转折词however连接；

此处表示作者虽不再恼火她轧到了自己的脚，然而，作者之前却认为一个人应当为此道歉。]20．A.judgeB．hugC．persuadeD．tease解析：A[考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“peoplehavejudgedyouwithoutknowingwhatwasgoing

oninyourmindoryourlife”可知，下一次当你打算对人作出评判时，应该停下来想一想。A项意为“判断，评判”；B项意为“拥抱”；C项意为“说服”；D项意为“取笑，戏弄”。]Ⅲ.短文改错(导学号02516362)DearJane，How'severythi

nggoing?I'mgladtohavemetyouandbecomefriendwithyou.ImissyouverywellandthusI'mwritingtotellyouanythingaboutmynewlifeatcollege

.Mynewschoolissobeautifulasahugegarden.Therearegreengrassandcolorfulflowerseverywhere.MyteachersareallkindandIbe

lieve,withtimegoby,I'llmakeagreatprogress.MyclassmatesareveryfriendlyandImademanynewfriendshere.Ifeelthatmynewlifeisver

yexcited,butIalsorealizethatitisfullofchallenges.I'vedecidedtoworkhardsothatI'llhaveabrightlyfuture.Ofc

ourse,I'llalsodomoreexercisetokeepfit.I'mlookingforwardtoyourreply.Yourssincerely，Tom答案：