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专题06史地人文类PPPaaarrrttt111题题题型型型总总总览览览【题型综述】史地人文类文章一般涉及某个国家、地区、河流、山脉、海洋、城镇等的地理位置以及与之相关的社会生活、社会风情、政治经济、人文历史、自然资源、文化习俗、文化遗产等方面的情况

。文章选材来源于英语国家的主要名胜或历史事件、历史年代。本话题包括中国历史与地理的基本知识、世界历史与地理的基本知识、重大历史事件以及与历史活动有关的重要历史人物、政治、经济、宗教活动等。通过这一话题的学习和高考考查，增强学生学习历史与地理的兴趣，提高学生的历史底蕴和文化修养，促进学生的身心健康。

【技巧点拨】命题以细节题为主，有一定的主观推断题；涉及一定的地理常识或历史知识。阅读史地类文章时，要重点弄清楚各个地名、人名之间的相互关系和各个国家、地区或城镇之间的地理方位。如果文章或试题有附图或附

表，一定要把附图或附表看懂、看明白。附图或附表的存在就是帮助我们更好地读懂和理解文章，辅助我们做好有关试题。【读相关词】1.attackvt.进攻；袭击2.disappearvi.消失→disappearancen.消失；失踪3.esc

apevi.逃跑4.feedvt.喂养；饲养；靠……为生；向……提供5.localadj.当地的→locatevt.把……设置(在)；使……坐落(于)→locationn.地点；位置6.nativea

dj.本地的；本国的7.raisevt.饲养；提高8.rangen.山脉；vi.排列；延伸序号内容Part1题型总览题型综述技巧点拨读相关词Part2真题感悟真题详解强重难词析长难句..Part3专题强化真题自测新题模拟9.ruinvt.毁坏；毁灭；n.废墟；毁灭10

.strikev.突然侵袭；打击；打动；突然想到11.threatenvt.威胁；恐吓→threatn.威胁12.abolishvt.废除13.aggressionn.侵略→aggressiveadj.侵略的；具有攻击性的14.betrayvt.出卖；泄露机密15.distrib

utevt.发放；分发→distributionn.分配；配给16.droughtn.干旱17.dynastyn.朝代18.eruptvi.(火山)爆发；喷发→eruptionn.爆发19.frightenvt.使惊恐→frighteningadj.令人惊恐的，骇人的→frightened

adj.害怕的；受惊的20.foggyadj.有雾的→fogn.雾21.freezingadj.冰冻的；极冷的→freezevi.&vt.将……冷冻，冻僵→frozenadj.结冰的，冷冻的22.geographyn.地理23.historicadj.历史的；有历史意义的→hi

storyn.历史→historicaladj.历史(上)的；与历史有关的24.historicaladj.与历史有关的25.incidentn.事变26.independencen.独立27.invadev

t.侵略28.monumentn.纪念碑29.mountainousadj.多山的30.occupyvt.占领；使忙碌31.originn.起源；由来32.religionn.宗教33.religiousadj.宗教的34.remoteadj.偏远的；

偏僻的35.racialadj.种族的36.revolutionn.革命37.sacrificevt.牺牲38.shortagen.缺乏39.showern.阵雨；淋浴40.supplyvt.提供；供应；n

.供应；供给41.terrifyvt.使恐怖42.urbanadj.城市的；都市的43.weaponn.武器44.geography地理45.mineral矿藏，矿物质46.southeastern东南方的47.northwestern西北方的48.urbanarchitecture城市建筑49

.theartgallery艺术长廊50.悠久历史havealonghistory/withalonghistory51.矿产资源mineralresource52.城市规划urbanplanning53.城镇人口urbanpopulat

ion54.追溯到datebackto55.占地面积7434平方公里coveranareaof7，434squarekilometres56.人口超过600万haveapopulationofover6million/withapopulationofmoretha

n6million...57..2200年的悠久历史haveahistoryof2，200years/withahistoryof2，200yearsPPPaaarrrttt222真真真题题题感感感悟悟悟Passage1【真题详解】【2020天津卷5月】Studyingasubjecttha

tyoufeelpointlessisneverafunoreasytask.Ifyou'restudyinghistory,askingyourselfthequestion"whyishistoryimportant

"isaverygoodfirststep.Historyisanessentialpartofhumancivilization.Youwillfindsomethingherethatwillarouseyourinterest,

orgetyouthinkingaboutthesignificanceofhistory.Historygroundsusinourroots.Historyisanimportantandinteres

tingfieldofstudy,andlearningthehistoryofourhomecountrycangiveusadeeper,moremeaningfulglimpse（一瞥）intoourancestralpasts,andhowwegottowherew

earetoday.Manypeoplefeelliketheyneedasenseofculturalbelonging,whichissomethingthatstudyingyourrootsandbeingopen-mindedtotheevol

utionofyourculturecanprovide.Historyenrichesourexperience.Readinghistoryisanamazingexperiencebecauseitenablesustoreflectonthesocialandeconom

iclifeofthepeoplelivinglongtimeagoAccordingtotheexperts,problemsfacedbypeopleregardlessofthepastandpresentarethesame.Withtheinformationabouttheanc

estors,onecanbecomemoreexperiencedinhandlingchallengesoflife.Historymakesusmoreempathetic（具有共情能力的）,S

tudyinghistorycangiveusinsight（洞察力）intowhyourculturedoescertainthings,andhowthepasthasshapeditintowhatwek

nownow.Italsoprovidesaratherstrongfoundationforempathyacrosscultures.Fearandhateforothersisusuallycausedbyignor

ance（无知）.We'rescaredofthethingsthatwedon'tunderstand.Historyhasthepotentialtobreakdownthoseboundariesbyofferingusin

sightintoentireworldsthatwouldotherwisebeforeigntous.Historycaninspireustolearnmore.what'sfantasticabo

uthistoryisthewayitbroadensourhorizons.It'salmostimpossibletolearnaboutonehistoricalperiodwithouthavingdozensofquestions

aboutrelatedconcepts.Studythe19thcenturyEngland,andyoumightcatchaglimpseofCharlesDickens'OliverTwist.LookupCharles

Dickens,andyoumightlearnathingortwoaboutrealism.Ormaybeyouendupswitchingyourattentionawayfromnovels,andd

iscoverthehistoryofromanticpoetsinEngland.Itcangoanywhere,andthereissomethinginthereforabsolutelyanybody.Thevalueofhistorycannotbeun

derestimated.Wedon'thavetoliveinthepast,butwecandefinitelydobetterbylearningfromitandusingthelessonslearnttoleadmoremeaningfullives.1.Theun

derlinedpart"wherewearetoday"inPara.2probablymeans__________.A.theturningpointinourhistoryB.thepresentstateofournationC.thelocationofourho

melandD.thetotalareaofourcountry2.Accordingtotheexperts,whyishistoryusefulforpeopletohandlechallengesoflife?A.Theproblemsatpr

esentaresimilartothoseinthepast.B.Ancientpeoplelaideconomicfoundationsforpeopletoday.C.Thecurrentchallengeso

flifewerepredictedbytheancestors.D.Peoplelivinglongtimeagoknewmoreabouthowtosolveproblems.3.WhatcanbeconcludedfromPara.4?A.Itisdiff

iculttogetridofculturalbarriers.B.Peoplearewillingtoacceptforeigncultures.C.Culturalconflictsinhistoryaredifficulttoi

gnore.D.Historyhelpsusimproveourcross-culturalawareness.4.WiththeexampleinPara.5,thewriterintendstoshowthat______________.A.Char

lesDickenscontributesmuchtoBritishliterature.B.OliverTwistcansatisfyourcuriosityforromanticpoets.C.readi

ngnovelsisawaytolearnaboutahistoricalperiod.D.studyinghistorycanarousepeople'sinterestinotherfields.5.Whatcou

ldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowtoBuildCulturalIdentityB.WhyStudyingHistoryMattersC.KnowthePast,KnowthePresentD.History:aWaytoBroadenHorizons

【答案】1.B2.A3.D4.D5.B【解析】本文是议论文。开头提出问题为什么历史重要。然后分四方面论述学历史的好处，最后总结扣题说明学历史的意义——历史的价值不可低估，通过从中学习，并利用学到的教训过更有意义的生活。1.猜测词义题。根据上句learningthehistoryo

fourhomecountrycangiveusadeeper,moremeaningfulglimpse(一瞥)intoourancestralpasts.,可知学习我们祖国的历史能更深、更有意义地了解我们祖先的过去。此处指学历史着眼于大局，是从国家层面讲的，与之一致，可

推知画线的wherewearetoday指的是我们国家的现状。故选B。2.细节理解题。根据第三段Accordingtotheexperts,problemsfacedbypeopleregardlessofthepastandpresentarethesame.Withtheinformation

abouttheancestors,onecanbecomemoreexperiencedinhandlingchallengesoflife.可知专家认为，无论过去和现在，人们面临的问题都是一样的。有了祖先的信息，我

们在处理生活中的挑战时会更有经验。故选A。3.推理判断题。根据第四段中Italsoprovidesaratherstrongfoundationforempathyacrosscultures和Historyhasthepotentialtob

reakdownthoseboundariesbyofferingusinsightintoentireworldsthatwouldotherwisebeforeigntous.可知历史为跨文化的同理心提供了一个相当坚实的基础，历史有可能打破对未知事物的恐惧和憎

恨，为我们提供洞悉整个世界的机会。由此推之历史帮助我们提高跨文化意识。故选D。4.推理判断题。根据第五段标题是Historycaninspireustolearnmore:(历史可以激励我们学习更多),下面列举了阅读OliverTwist的例子,通过OliverTw

ist我们能去了解作者CharlesDickens,还可能会学到一些关于现实主义的东西，会发现英国浪漫主义诗人的历史。作者通过这个例子是为了说明学习历史可以引起人们对其他领域的兴趣。故选D。5.主旨大意题。根据第一段Ify

ou'restudyinghistory,askingyourselfthequestion"whyishistoryimportant"isaverygoodfirststep.提到学历史前先问自己为什

么历史重要。下文分四方面论述学历史的好处，最后一段总结扣题说明学历史的意义——历史的价值不可低估，通过从中学习，并利用学到的教训过更有意义的生活。故WhyStudyingHistoryMatters?能概括全文内容。故选B。【强重难词

】1.ancestraladj.祖先的；祖传的2.evolutionn.演变；进化论；进展3.insightn.洞察力；洞悉4.empathyn.神入；移情作用；执着；感同身受；共鸣5.ignorancen.无知，愚

昧；不知，不懂6.underestimatevt.低估；看轻n.低估7.definitelyadv.清楚地，当然；明确地，肯定地8.conceptn.观念，概念9.switchyourattention转换注意力10.feelpointless觉得毫无

意义11.humancivilization人类文明12.Historygroundsusinourroots历史扎根于我们13.havethepotentialtodosth.有潜力做…14.reflecton仔细考虑，思考

；反省；回想，回顾；怀疑【析长难句】1.Youwillfindsomethingherethatwillarouseyourinterest,orgetyouthinkingaboutthesignificanceofhistory.【解析】这是一个主

从复合句。that引导的是一个定语从句，它做从句的主语，整个定语从句修饰前面的something；or连接的是两个并列谓语，即findsomethinghere和getyouthinkingabout……。【译文】―你会在这里发现一些会引起你的兴趣或让你思考历史意义的东西。【

仿写】__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________2.Historyisanimportantandinterestingfieldofstudy,andlearningthehistoryofourhom

ecountrycangiveusadeeper,moremeaningfulglimpse（一瞥）intoourancestralpasts,andhowwegottowherewearetoday.【解析】这是一个主从

复合句。and连接的是两个并列句Historyisan……和learningthehistory…..；其中第二个并列句中又有一个and连接的howwegottowherewearetoday.的宾语从句。【译文】―历史是一个重要而有趣的研究领域，学习我们祖国的历史可以让我们

更深刻、更有意义地了解我们祖先的过去，以及我们是如何走到今天的。【仿写】_________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________3.Readinghistoryisanamazingexperiencebecauseitenablesus

toreflectonthesocialandeconomiclifeofthepeoplelivinglongtimeago【解析】这是一个主从复合句。主句中的anamazingexperience是令人吃惊的经历，because引导的是原因状语从句，其中reflecton是反思的意思。【译

文】阅读历史是一种奇妙的体验，因为它能让我们反思很久以前人们的社会和经济生活。【仿写】______________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________Passage2【真题详解】【2020·全国新课标3】Witht

heyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤独),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.Thedoorw

aytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismother-in-law,shelivesonthegroundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswife

andtheirtwodaughters.Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree-storeyVictorianhouseinBristol—oneofagrowingnumberofmultigenerational

familiesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.Theyshareafrontdoorandawashingmachine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomo

nthegroundfloor.―Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingatahouse,‖saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:―WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthin

kit’sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.‖AndwhatdoesNickthink?―Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrec

ommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.‖It’shardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,butresearchindicatesthatthenumbershavebeenrisingforsometime.Officialreports

suggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2002to419,000in2013.Othervarietiesofmultigenerationalfamily

aremorecommon.Somepeoplelivewiththeirelderlyparents;manymoreadultchildrenarereturningtothefamilyhome,iftheyeverleft.Itissaidthatabout20%of25-34-year

-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttobea

bout1.8million.Storieslikethataremorecommoninpartsoftheworldwheremultigenerationallivingismorefirmlyro

oted.InIndia,particularlyoutsidecities,youngwomenareexpectedtomoveinwiththeirhusband’sfamilywhentheygetmarried.28.Wh

omainlyusesthegroundfloorintheVictorianhouseinBristol?A.Nick.B.Rita.C.KathrynD.Thedaughters.29.WhatisNick’sattitudetowardssharingt

hehousewithhismother-in-law?A.Positive.B.Carefree.C.Tolerant.D.Unwilling.30.Whatistheauthor’sstatementaboutmultigenerationalfamil

ybasedon?A.Familytraditions.B.Financialreports.C.Publishedstatistics.D.Publicopinions.31.Whatisthetextmain

lyabout?A.Lifestylesindifferentcountries.B.Conflictsbetweengenerations.C.AhousingprobleminBritain.D.ArisingtrendoflivingintheUK.【答案】28.B29.A30.C31.

D【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。28.细节理解题。根据第三段―butRitaWh

iteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.‖可知，但Rita在一楼有自己的厨房、浴室、卧室和客厅。由此可知，Rita在布里斯托尔的维多利亚式住宅中使用一楼。故选B项。29.推理判断题。根据第五段―A

ndwhatdoesNickthink?―Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.‖可知，尼克是怎么想的?―从我的角度来看，一切都很顺利。我推荐它吗?是的，我想我会推荐在一起居住的。‖

由此判断出，尼克对和和岳母合住房子的态度是积极的。故选A项。30.细节理解题。根据第六段―Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegen

erationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2002to419,000in2013.‖官方报告显示，三代同堂的家庭数量从2002年的32.5万户增加到2013年的41.9万户。根据第七段―Itissaidthatabout20%of25-34-ye

ar-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttobea

bout1.8million.‖可知，据说，25-34岁的年轻人中有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年这一比例为16%。据估计，英国多代同堂的家庭总数约为180万。由此可知，作者关于多世同堂家庭的论述

基于发布的统计数据。故选C项。31.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段―Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤独),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetoge

ther.‖可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国生活方式的一种上升趋势。故选D项。【强重难词】1.isolationn.孤独2.multigenerationalad

j.几代人的3.indicatev.表明；指示，显示4.varietiesof各种各样的5.bemorefirmlyrootedin深深地扎根于6.frommystandpoint,从我的立场来看7.floattheidea

提出一个想法【析长难句】1.Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree-storeyVictorianhouseinBristol—oneofagrowingnumberofmultigenerationalfamilie

sintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.【解析】破折号后的—oneofagrowingnumberofmultigenerationalfamiliesintheUK

livingtogetherunderthesameroof.是对前一句的解释；livingtogetherunderthesameroof为现在分词作状语修饰前面的families。【译文】四年前，他们全都搬进了布里斯托尔的一栋三层维多利亚式住宅——英国

越来越多的几世同堂的家庭之一。【仿写】________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________2.Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤独),morefamiliesarechoosi

ngtolivetogether.【解析】Withtheyoungunableto….是with+n.+todo…的复合结构，做状语。【译文】由于年轻人无法负担离开家的费用和老年人面临的孤独，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。【仿写】_____________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.St

orieslikethataremorecommoninpartsoftheworldwheremultigenerationallivingismorefirmlyrooted.【解析】where引导的定语从句修饰前面的partsof

theworld。【译文】这样的故事在世界上多代人生活更为常见，而且多代人同住的观念在这些地区的人中根深蒂固。【仿写】________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________PPPaaarrrttt333专专专题题题强强强化

化化Passage1【真题自测】【2018年新课标卷III】Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare,likeanearbyportorriver.Peo

plesettleintheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsandtrade.NewYorkCity,forex

ample,isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over300yearsitspopulationgrewgraduallyfrom800peopleto

8million.Butnotallcitiesdevelopslowlyoveralongperiodoftime.Boomtownsgrowfromnothingalmostovernight.In1896,Dawson,Canad

a,wasunmappedwilderness(荒野).Butgoldwasdiscoveredtherein1897,andtwoyearslater,itwasoneofthelargestcitiesintheWest,wit

hapopulationof30,000.DawsondidnothaveanyofthenaturalconveniencesofcitieslikeLondonorParis.Peoplewentthe

reforgold.Theytravelledoversnow-coveredmountainsandsailedhundredsofmilesupicyrivers.ThepathtoDawsonwascoveredwiththirtyfeetofwetsnowthatcould

fallwithoutwarming.Anavalanche(雪崩)onceclosedthepath,killing63people.FormanywhomadeittoDawson,however,the

rewardswereworththedifficulttrip.Ofthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich.About100ofthesestayedrichmenfortherestoftheirlives.Butnomatte

rhowrichtheywere,Dawsonwasnevercomfortable.Necessitieslikefoodandwoodwereveryexpensive.Butsoon,thegoldtha

tDawsondependedonhadallbeenfound.Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestinsettlingdown,andwhentheyheardtherewer

enewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.Today,peoplestillcomeandgo—toseewheretheCanadiangoldrushhappened.Touri

smisnowthechiefindustryofDawsonCity—itspresentpopulationis762.24.WhatattractedtheearlysettlerstoNewYorkCity?A.Itsbusinessculture.B.Itssmallpopulatio

n.C.Itsgeographicalposition.D.Itsfavourableclimate.25.WhatdoweknowaboutthosewhofirstdugforgoldinDawson?A.Two-thirdsofthemstayedthere.B.

Oneoutoffivepeoplegotrich.C.Almosteveryonegaveup.D.Halfofthemdied.26.WhatwasthemainreasonformanypeopletoleaveDawson?A.Theyfo

undthecitytoocrowded.B.Theywantedtotrytheirluckelsewhere.C.Theywereunabletostandthewinter.D.Theywereshortoffood.27.Whatisthetextm

ainlyabout?[来源:学_科_网Z_X_X_K][来源:学科网ZXXK]A.Theriseandfallofacity.B.ThegoldrushinCanada.C.Journeysintothewilderness.D.TourisminDawson.【话题解读】

这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Dawson这座城市的发展原因、过程与现状。24.C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheret

heyare,likeanearbyportorriver.Peoplesettleintheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsandtrade.NewYorkCity,forexa

mple,isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.可知，人们选择在河边或港口设城是因为交通方便，便于做生意。而纽约就是在哈德森河口附近的一个大港口，故纽约吸引早期移民的原因是它的地理位置，

故C正确。26.B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyasthe

yhadcome.可知，人们离开Dawson的主要原因是听说在Alaska发现了黄金，也就是他们要去别的地方寻找发财的机会。故B正确。27.A【解析】主旨大意题。第一段简要介绍城市发展的原因，引出Dawson这一城市的兴起，第二段介绍了该城市兴起的原因，第三段介绍人

们选择离开该城市的原因及现在的状况，所以全文围绕Dawson这个城市的发展起伏。故A正确。Passage2【真题自测】【2017浙江卷】FLORENCE,Italy—SvetlanaCojochrufeelshurt.TheMoldovanhaslivedheresevenyea

rsasacaregivertoItaliankidsandelderly,butinordertostayshe’shadtoproveherlanguageskillsbytakingatestwhichrequireshertowriteapostcardtoanimagi

naryfriendandanswerafictionaljobad.ItalyisthelatestWesternEuropeancountrytryingtocontrolagrowingimmigrant(移民)po

pulationbydemandinglanguageskillsinexchangeforworkpermits,orinsomecases,citizenship.Someimmigrantadvocatesworrythatashardfinancialtimesmakeitmorediff

icultfornativestokeepjobs,suchmeasureswillbecomemoreavehicleforintolerancethanintegration(融合).Otherssayit’sonlynaturalthatnewcomerslearnthelan

guageoftheirhostnation,seeingitasaconditiontoensuretheycancontributetosociety.OtherEuropeancountrieslaiddownasimilarrequirementforimmigran

ts,andsometermsareeventougher.Thegovernmentsarguethatthiswillhelpforeignersbetterjointhesocietyandpromoteunderstandingacr

osscultures.Italy,whichhasamuchweakertraditionofimmigration,haswitnessedasharpincreaseinimmigrationinrecent

years.In1990,immigrantsnumberedsome1.14millionoutofItaly’sthen56.7millionpeople,orabout2percent.Atth

estartofthisyear,foreignerslivinginItalyamountedto4.56millionofatotalpopulationof60.6million,or7.5percen

t,withimmigrants’childrenaccountingforaneverlargerpercentageofbirthsinItaly.Cojochru,theMoldovancaregiver,hoped

obtainingpermanentresidence(居住权)wouldhelpherbringhertwochildrentoItaly;theylivewithhersisterinMoldova,

wheresalariesareamongthelowestinEurope.Shewasskepticalthatthelanguagerequirementwouldencourageintegration.Italiansalways＂seemeasaf

oreigner,＂anoutsider,eventhoughshe’sstayedinthecountryforyearsandcanspeakthelocallanguagefluently,shesaid.2

8.WhydoesCojochruhavetotakealanguagetest?A.TocontinuetostayinItaly.B.ToteachherchildrenItalian.C.Tofindabetterjobin

Italy.D.TobettermixwiththeItalians.29.Somepeopleworrythatthenewlanguagerequirementmay________.A.reduceItaly’spopulationquicklyB.cau

seconflictsamongpeopleC.leadtofinancialdifficultiesD.putpressureonschools30.WhatdoweknowaboutCojochru?A.Sheliveswithhersistern

owinItaly.B.SheenjoyslearningtheItalianlanguage.C.ShespeaksItalianwellenoughforherjob.D.Shewishestogobacktoherhomecountry.【话题解读】本文属于历史与地理等紧密结合的文章

。首先叙述了一个叫SvetlanaCojochru的摩尔多瓦人移民到意大利，但为了能够继续留在意大利，她必须进行语言测试；接着向我们阐述对外来人进行语言测试的原因以及对此的不同声音，然后介绍了意大利的移民史，最后告诉我们Cojochru的居住现状：工资水平很低，而且虽然在意大利

生活多年，但意大利本地居民仍会把她当作外国人来看。30.C【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的＂eventhoughshe’sstayedinthecountryforyearsandcanspeakthelocallanguagefluently＂可知Cojochru

的意大利语已经说的得很流利了，故选C。Passage3【新题模拟】（2021·吉林长春市·高三一模）Romewasn'tbuiltinaday.AndneitherwastheRomansubwaysystem.Undergroundworkisslowgoing,becauseco

nstructionworkersoftenmeetwithfrescoes(壁画)andothervaluablestonefoundationsthousandsofyearsago.Andafewyearsago,theyfoundthewoodenfounda

tionsofaluxuriousporchfromaRomanbuilding.SolocalarchaeologistscalledinMauroBernabeioftheNationalResearchCouncilofItaly.He'sade

ndrochronologist:someonewhoanalyzestreerings,whichgiveageandenvironmentalinformation."Wehavetostudywoodbecauseit'

sfull,reallyfull,ofinformation!"Bernabeiandhisteamfoundthatthewoodenplankswereoak(橡木).Butthewood'soriginwashardertodetermine.Sotheycomparedthetreer

ingsintheoakfloortothoseavailableinlibrariesoftreeringsthatcontaintimberfromalloverEurope.AndtheyfoundamatchfortheRomanwood—fro

mtheJuraregionofeasternFrance,morethan600milesaway.Theresearchersalsodeterminedthatitwasusedinabout4

0to60B．C．Andsomecamefromtreesalreadyupto300yearsoldwhentheywerecutdown.ThedetailsareinthejournalPLOSONE.Thedis

coveryisthefirstclearevidenceofoakfromnorthoftheAlpsbeingusedtobuildancientRome.Andit'sareminderthattheRomanshadacomplextradingnetwork.

Thesetrees,forexample,likelyfloateddowntworivers,acrosstheMediterraneanandupanotherrivertoRome.BernabeisaysRomanarchaeologistsusua

llydestroyancientwood—it'snotasvaluableasjewelryandvasesandfrescos.Buthe'shopingthisstudymightchangetheirminds."S

avethewood,yes!Andcallme,ifyoudon'twanttosave—please,callme!"Hesays.1．WhydoesthesubwayinRomegoslowly?A．ItishardtodiguptheearthinRo

me.B．Therearemanyancientruinsburiedhere.C．ItisverydangeroustoworktoofastinRomeD．TheRomanarenotexperiencedinbuildingsubways2．Whatcanpeopl

elearnfromthewoodfoundations?A．ThewealthinancientRomeB．ThetradinginformationofancientRomeC．ThecultureofancientRomeD．Thesocialrelationsof

ancientRome3．Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph4referto?A．ThestoneB．ThesubwayC．TheFrenchwoodD．TheRomanfoundation4．Whatisthemainid

eaofthispassage?A．ScientistsfoundsomeinformationaboutancientRomeB．WoodwasnotasvaluableasstonesinancientRomeC．OnlytherichpeopleinancientRomecoulduse

woodD．AncientRomecouldhavearichtradingnetwork.【答案】1．B2．B3．C4．A【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了科学家们在深埋地下的古罗马建筑的木制地基上发现了古罗马的贸易信息。

1．细节理解题。根据第一段―Undergroundworkisslowgoing,becauseconstructionworkersoftenmeetwithfrescoes(壁画)andothervaluabl

estonefoundationsthousandsofyearsago.‖（地下工程进展缓慢，因为建筑工人经常会遇到几千年前的壁画和其他有价值的石头地基）可知，罗马地铁建设进展缓慢是因为地下埋藏着许多古代遗迹，故选B。2．细节理解题。根据第五段―A

ndit'sareminderthattheRomanshadacomplextradingnetwork.‖（这也提醒我们罗马人有一个复杂的贸易网络）可知，从木地基中我们能够了解到古罗马的贸易信息，故选B。3．词

句猜测题。根据第三段―AndtheyfoundamatchfortheRomanwood—fromtheJuraregionofeasternFrance,morethan600milesaway.‖可知，他们在600多英里外的法国东部朱拉地区发现了一种罗马木材的匹配物，此处承接上文，说的是研究人

员还确定，在法国发现的这种木材在大约公元前40年至60年间曾被使用过，由此可知，it指代的就是上文提到的法国木材，故选C。4．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段―Andafewyearsago,t

heyfoundthewoodenfoundationsofaluxuriousporchfromaRomanbuilding.‖（几年前，他们在一座深埋地下的古罗马建筑的豪华门廊上发现了木制地基）及第五段―Andit'sareminderthattheRomansha

dacomplextradingnetwork.‖（这也提醒我们罗马人有一个复杂的贸易网络）可知，本文主要介绍的是科学家们在深埋地下的古罗马建筑的木制地基上发现了古罗马的贸易信息，故选A。Passag

e4【新题模拟】（2021·浙江高三月考）TheGlobewasbuiltin1599usingtimberfromanearliertheatre,TheTheatre,whichhadbeenbuiltbyRichardBurbage’sfather,James

Burbage,inShoreditchin1576.ThefirstperformanceforwhichafirmrecordremainswasJonson’sEveryManoutofHisHumour—withitsfirstscenewelcomingth

e―graciousandkindspectators‖—attheendoftheyear.On29thJune1613,theGlobeTheatrewentupinflamesduringaperf

ormanceofHenryVIII.Atheatricalgun,setoffduringtheperformance,misfired,burningthewoodenbeamsandstraws.Accordingtooneofthefe

wsurvivingdocumentsoftheevent,noonewashurtexceptamanwhoseburningbreeches(炮后膛)wereputoutwithabottleofale.Itwasrebuiltinthefollowingyear.Like

alltheothertheatresinLondon,theGlobewascloseddownbythePuritansin1642.Itwaspulleddownin1644,orslightlylater—thecomm

onlyciteddocumentdatingtheactto15April1644hasbeenidentifiedasfalse—tomakeroomforotherbuildings.Amodernreconstructionofthetheatre,na

med―Shakespeare’sGlobe‖,openedin1997,withaproductionofHenryV.Itisanacademicapproximationoftheoriginaldesign,basedonavailableevidenceofth

e1599and1614buildings,andislocatedapproximately750feet(230m)fromthesiteoftheoriginaltheatre.5．HowdidtheGlobeTheatrebegintobeon

fireon29June1613?A．Itwassetfiretobyaperformerbydesign.B．Itcaughtfirebyaccidentduringaplay.C．Amanputoutbreecheswithabottleofale.D．Itwasstar

tedbywoodenbeamsandstraws.6．Inwhatorderisthetextarranged?A．TimeB．SpaceC．ImportanceD．Flashback7．Accordin

gtothepassagealltheplayswereperformedintheGlobeTheatreEXCEPT________.A．JamesBurbage.B．EveryManoutofHisHumourC．HenryVIII.D．HenryV8．

Thepassageismainlyabout________.A．ThepopularityoftheGlobeTheatre.B．TheconstructionoftheGlobeTheatre.C．ThefunctionoftheGlobeThea

tre.D．ThehistoryoftheGlobeTheatre.【答案】5．B6．A7．A8．D【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章按时间顺序介绍了英国环球剧院的历史。5．细节理解题。由第二段中的―On29thJune1613,theGlobeTheatrewentupinflamesdur

ingaperformanceofHenryVIII.Atheatricalgun,setoffduringtheperformance,misfired,burningthewoodenbeamsandstraws.‖（1613年6月29日，在《亨利八世》的演出中，环球剧院

着火了。一支戏剧用的枪，在演出中引爆，没有打出子弹，烧了木梁和稻草）可知，环球剧院是在一场戏中因为枪走火了才意外着火了。故选B项。6．推理判断题。由第一段中的―TheGlobewasbuiltin1599usingtimberfromanearlie

rtheatre,TheTheatre,whichhadbeenbuiltbyRichardBurbage’sfather,JamesBurbage,inShoreditchin1576.‖（环球剧院是在1599年用一个早期剧院的木材建造的，

这个剧院是由RichardBurbage的父亲JamesBurbage1576年在肖尔迪奇建造的），第二段中的―On29thJune1613,theGlobeTheatrewentupinflamesduringaperformanceofHenryVIII.‖（161

3年6月29日，《亨利八世》的演出中，环球剧院着火了），第三段中的―LikealltheothertheatresinLondon,theGlobewascloseddownbythePuritansin1642.

Itwaspulleddownin1644,orslightlylater—thecommonlyciteddocumentdatingtheactto15April1644hasbeenidentifiedasfalse—tomak

eroomforotherbuildings.‖（像伦敦所有其他剧院一样，环球剧院在1642年被清教徒关闭。它是在1644年或者稍晚些时候被拆除的——通常被引用的文件将该法案追溯到1644年4月15日，被认定为虚

假文件——为其他建筑腾出空间）以及最后一段中的―Amodernreconstructionofthetheatre,named―Shakespeare’sGlobe‖,openedin1997,withaproductionofHenryV.

‖（剧院的现代重建，命名为―莎士比亚环球剧场‖，于1997年开张，作品为《亨利五世》），结合时间状语可知，文章是按时间顺序发展的。故选A项。7．细节理解题。由第一段中的―ThefirstperformanceforwhichafirmrecordremainswasJo

nson’sEveryManoutofHisHumour‖（第一个保持稳定记录的表演是琼森的《每个人都失去了他的幽默感》），第二段中的―On29thJune1613,theGlobeTheatrewentupinflamesduringaperformanceofHenryV

III.‖（1613年6月29日，《亨利八世》的演出中，环球剧院着火了。）和最后一段中的―Amodernreconstructionofthetheatre,named―Shakespeare’sGlobe‖,openedin

1997,withaproductionofHenryV.‖（剧院的现代重建，命名为―莎士比亚环球剧场‖，于1997年开张，作品为《亨利五世》。），可知环球剧院上演过《每个人都失去了他的幽默感》、《亨利八世》和《亨利五世》

，JamesBurbage不是戏剧，并未在环球剧院演出。故选A项。8．主旨大意题。由第一段中的―TheGlobewasbuiltin1599usingtimberfromanearliertheatre,TheTheatre,w

hichhadbeenbuiltbyRichardBurbage’sfather,JamesBurbage,inShoreditchin1576.‖（环球剧院是在1599年用一个早期剧院的木材建造的，这个剧院是由RichardBurbage的父亲JamesBurbage157

6年在肖尔迪奇建造的。），第二段中的―On29thJune1613,theGlobeTheatrewentupinflamesduringaperformanceofHenryVIII.‖（1613年6月29日，《亨利八世》的演出中，环球剧院着火了。），

第三段中的―LikealltheothertheatresinLondon,theGlobewascloseddownbythePuritansin1642.Itwaspulleddownin1644,orslightlylater—thecommonlyciteddocumen

tdatingtheactto15April1644hasbeenidentifiedasfalse—tomakeroomforotherbuildings.‖（像伦敦所有其他剧院一样，环球剧院在1642年被清教徒关闭。它是在1644年被拆除的，或者稍晚些时候被拆除的——通常被引

用的文件将该法案追溯到1644年4月15日，被认定为虚假文件——为其他建筑腾出空间。），最后一段中的―Amodernreconstructionofthetheatre,named―Shakespeare’

sGlobe‖,openedin1997,withaproductionofHenryV.‖（剧院的现代重建，命名为―莎士比亚环球剧场‖，于1997年开张，作品为《亨利五世》）可知，文章按时间顺序介绍了环球剧院的历史。故选D项。

Passage5【新题模拟】（2021·上海普陀区·高三一模）TheVictorians’WayofHavingFunWhetheritwasvisitingahumanzoo,takingabullonahot-airballoonride,orsingingbeautifulsongs,Vic

torianLondonerslovedtohavefun.Asperformancemanagerscameupwithincreasinglywell-designedwaystomakemoneyfromthe

capital’shugepotentialaudience,Victorianseffectivelyinventedthemodernleisureindustry–includingthemeparks,

pubsandprofessionalfootball.AsanewbookbyhistorianLeeJacksonexplains,thehuntforprofitinvolvessurroundingmorality,classandem

pire.SowheredidVictoriansgoforfun?Andwhatstillexiststoday?DancingRooms:ArgyllRooms,PiccadillyIt’snowabuildingsitenearL

eicesterSquare,butwhentheArgyllRoomslostitslicencein1878,therewasariot(暴乱).Drunkenstudentsweresoangryattheclosureoftheirfavourite

placethattheytooktothestreets.TheArgyllclosedasthedancecrazecametoanend,andBignellturnedthespaceintotheTrocaderomusichall.Itkeptthatn

amethroughthe20thcenturywhenitwastransformedintooneofLondon’smosttastelesstouristattractions.Thesitecurrentlyawaitsdevelopmentintoahotel.Pleasure

gardens:GremorneGardens,ChelseaGremornewasrunbythreeWestEndpubowners,popularamongtheyoungpeoplethen.Itclosedin1877afterlosingitslice

nce.Pleasuregardensmoregenerallylosttheirmeaningofexistencewiththeestablishmentofpublicparks.London’srapidgrowthmeantthevaluablelandwasusuallysoldto

bigcompaniesforotherpurposes,whichiswhysolittleofLondon’sgreatpleasuregardensremain.Pleasuregardenswe

realsoovershadowedbylargerexhibitiongroundssuchastheCrystalPalace,whichtriedtofindawayofbalancingentertainmentwithcult

uraleducation.LittlephysicallyremainsoftheCrystalPalaceitself,whichmovedtoSydenhamfromHydeParkin1854,butthegrand200-acregroundsstille

xistasapublicpark.OnthesiteoftheMethodistCentralHallwasashort-livedattractionthatattemptedtotransporttheseasidetoc

entralLondon.ItwasrailwaysthatmadeMargateandSouthendaccessibletoLondoners,andsomeoftheleisureactivities

peculiartotheseasidesoonmadeitbacktothecapital.Footballgrounds:CravenCottage,StevenageRoad,FulhamFulhamFC,London’soldestprofessionalfoo

tballclub,stillworksattheirfirstground,builtbytheVictoriansin1896.Versionsofthesporthadbeenaroundforcenturies,butitwastheVictoriansw

hocreatedthegameandthenprofessionalizedit.Thisledtoenclosedgroundswherespectatorspaidforadmittance,withtheincomespentonacqui

ringnewplayers.Themoderngamewasborn.9．Whichofthefollowingisnotsimilarinmeaningto―tooktothestreets‖inPara

.2?A．gatheredtogetherinthestreetsB．enjoyedwindowshoppingC．wentoutsideonthestreetsD．protestedonthestreets10．Thereasonwhyfewergreatpleasuregardensarele

ftinLondonisthat.A．peoplebuiltmorefactoriesB．theywereturnedintofarminglandC．thelandwassoldtodevelopersD．theybecameuniversitycampuses11．Whatca

nbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Themoneyfromfootballisusedtobuynewplayers.B．Londonhasmuchonitsfootballhistory.C．FulhamF.C．ismorethan200yea

rsold.D．TheVictorianshavecultivatedmanyfootballers.12．Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthispassage?A．Thebuildingofrailwaysledtothethemeparks.B．The

WestEnd’sgardensbecamebighotels.C．TheVictorianslargelyinventedmodernleisureindustries.D．Theincomefrommode

rnfootballsupportsnewplayers.【答案】9．B10．C11．B12．C【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕维多利亚时代的包括主题公园、酒吧和职业足球一些休闲产业进行了详细的举例介绍，从而说明了其对于现代休闲产业的深远影响。9．词义猜测题。根据划线短语

所在句的前文背景介绍―…whentheArgyllRoomslostitslicencein1878,therewasariot‖可知，（1878年，ArgyllRooms失去了营业执照，引发了一场骚乱，）这次骚

乱应是知划线短语所在句内容―Drunkenstudentsweresoangryattheclosureoftheirfavouriteplacethattheytooktothestreets.‖，由此可推知，―theytooktothestreets‖应是与―骚乱‖表达含义一致，骚乱一般是指

―聚集游行示威‖类活动，即选项A―gatheredtogetherinthestreets(聚集在街上)‖，选项C―wentoutsideonthestreets(走到外面的街道上)‖和选项D―protestedonthestree

ts(上街抗议)‖符合分析，可作划线短语的同义表达。选项B―enjoyedwindowshopping‖意为―喜欢逛街‖，不能视作为―骚乱‖。故选B项。10．细节理解题。根据文章Pleasuregardens:GremorneGardens,Chelsea部分第

1段内容―London’srapidgrowthmeantthevaluablelandwasusuallysoldtobigcompaniesforotherpurposes,whichiswhysolittleofLondon’sgreatpleasurega

rdensremain.‖(伦敦的快速发展意味着宝贵的土地通常被卖给大公司做其他用途，这就是为什么伦敦的大花园很少被保留下来的原因。)可知，伦敦的大花园很少被保留下来的原因是宝贵的土地通常被卖给大公司做其他用途。故选C项。11．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容―FulhamFC,Lon

don’soldestprofessionalfootballclub,stillworksattheirfirstground,builtbytheVictoriansin1896.Versionsofthesporthadbeenaroundforcenturies,

butitwastheVictorianswhocreatedthegameandthenprofessionalizedit.Thisledtoenclosedgroundswherespectatorspaidforadmittance,withtheincomesp

entonacquiringnewplayers.Themoderngamewasborn.(富勒姆足球俱乐部，伦敦最古老的职业足球俱乐部，仍然在他们的第一个场地工作，这是维多利亚时代的人在1896年建

造的。这项运动的版本已经存在了几个世纪，但是是维多利亚时代的人创造了这项运动，然后将其职业化。这导致了封闭的场地，观众支付入场费，收入用于购买新球员。现代游戏诞生了。)‖可知，富勒姆足球俱乐部存在已久，这个俱

乐部见证了伦敦的足球运动始于维多利亚时代，并一直发展成为现代足球。由此可推知，伦敦的足球历史很悠久。故选B项。12．主旨大意题。通过阅读文章可知，文章结构为总分结构，文章第一段内容―Asperformancemanagerscameupwithin

creasinglywell-designedwaystomakemoneyfromthecapital’shugepotentialaudience,Victorianseffectivelyinventedthemodernleis

ureindustry–includingthemeparks,pubsandprofessionalfootball.(随着绩效管理人员想出越来越精心设计的方法，从首都巨大的潜在观众身上赚钱，维多利亚时代的人实际上发明了现

代休闲产业——包括主题公园、酒吧和职业足球。)‖应是本文的主题句，即，文章主要围绕维多利亚时代的包括主题公园、酒吧和职业足球一些现代休闲产业进行了详细的举例介绍，从而说明了其对于现代休闲产业的深远影响

。选项C―TheVictorianslargelyinventedmodernleisureindustries.(维多利亚时代在很大程度上发明了现代休闲产业。)‖合理概括了文章的主旨要义。故选C项。