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专题05生态环保类PPPaaarrrttt111题题题型型型总总总览览览【题型综述】―生态环保‖是普通高中英语课程标准话题之一，亦是高考英语常考话题。本话题包括动植物保护、生态保护、自然灾害、环境污染和保护等方面。这些话题与学生的生活息息相关，联系密切。通过对这些话题的学习以

及高考英语对这些话题的考查，可以让学生多注意身边的人和事、关注社会环境、树立环保意识、学会与大自然和谐相处。【技巧点拨】1.运用语篇结构，概括全文主旨大意，明晰写作意图。在阅读时，首先用略读法快速浏览每段的首尾句，分析原文的文本结构，然后根

据作者谋篇布局的逻辑线索归纳主旨大意。如果文章中含有标题、副标题、图片等，在概括全文主旨大意和写作目的时需要重点考虑。根据英语说明文思维模式特征，作者一般都会开门见山，直奔主题。结尾通常也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应。因此在做主旨大意、写作意图和最佳标题等题

目时，需要重点关注首尾段落里面高频复现的词汇和内容。导语、主体和结尾是有机整体，解题时要综合起来进行判断。2.利用文中语境线索分析长难句，进行逻辑推理判断。在阅读解题时，第一步可以浏览全文，掌握中心大意。

第二步可以根据题干要求，用查读法（scanning）再快速定位到相关段落。第三步可以重点搜索段内的标志词，利用标志词所提供的逻辑关系找到细节信息，如数据、例子、原因和结果等。如果句子成分复杂，有生词，也不要烦躁退缩，分析主句和从句或非谓语动词之间的关系，抓住行

文逻辑的标志词，层层剖析，露出主干部分，就能明晰句意，弄懂作者的真实意图。【读相关词】1.hazen.雾霾2.conservationn.保护序号内容Part1题型总览题型综述技巧点拨读相关词Part2真题感悟真题详解强重难词析长难句..P

art3专题强化真题自测新题模拟3.recyclev．回收；循环利用4.ecologicalbalance生态平衡5.makeproperuseof合理利用6.keepthebalanceof保持……的平衡7.attachgreatimportanceto十分重视8.bring...underc

ontrol把……控制住9.be/becomeawareof意识到10.taketheresponsibilityfor/beresponsiblefor对……负责任11.mistn.薄雾12.shortagen.缺乏13.damagen．

&vt.毁坏，破坏14.destroyvt.摧毁，破坏15.ruinvt.(使)毁坏；(使)毁灭n.(复)废墟；遗迹16.disappearvi.消失17.threatenvt.威胁18.betrappedinruins被困在废墟中19.rebuildone’s

home重建某人的家园20.extinctadj.灭绝的21.preservevt.保护22.victimn.牺牲品，受害者23.damagenaturalhabitat破坏自然栖息地24.endangeredspecies濒危物种25.dieout灭绝26.nat

uralreserve自然保护区27.protectwildlife保护野生动物28.cutdown砍倒29.raisetheawarenessof唤醒……的意识30.liveinharmonywith与……和谐相处

31.pollutevt.污染32.wasten.废料33.rubbishn.垃圾；废物34.littern.垃圾35.garbagen.垃圾36.greenhouseeffect温室效应37.environmentally-friendlyadj.环保的

38.advocatevt.拥护，支持，提倡39.preservevt.保护，保留，保存40.limitednaturalresources有限的自然资源41.alternativeenergy替代能源42.inharmonywithnatu

re与自然和谐共处43.livealow-carbonlife过低碳生活44.prevent...from...阻止……做……45.raiseone’senvironmentalawareness提高某人的环保意识46.saveandtr

easureourresources节约并珍惜我们的资源47.takeaction/steps/measurestodosth.采取措施做某事48.callon/appealtosb.todosth.号召/呼吁某人做某事PPPaaarrrttt222真真真题题题感感感悟悟悟Passa

ge1【真题详解】【2020·全国新课标II】Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,furprobablydidn’tcros

syourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion(时装)enthusiastsaretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria(海狸鼠).U

nusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhave(showcased)nutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.―Itsoundsc

razytotalkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear‖,saysCreeMcCree,projectdirector

ofRighteousFur.ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.Someofthefurendsupinthefashionsh

owsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.―Theecosystemdowntherecan’thandlethisnon

-nativespecies(物种).It’sdestroyingtheenvironment.It’sthemorus.‖saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertinthisfield.Thefurtradekeptnutriacheckfordecades，bu

twhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s，thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthe

nutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesaysit’snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.Huntersbringin

morethan300,000nutriatailsayear,sopartofMouton’sjobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur.Thenthere’sRighteousF

uranditsunusualfashion.Morgansays，‖Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem-1t

hinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.‖DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhe

rcreationsismorallyacceptable.Shetryingtocomeupwithalabeltoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.28．Whatisthepurposeofthef

ashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklyn?A．Topromoteguilt-freefur.B．Toexpandthefashionmarket.C．Tointroduceanewbrand.

D．Tocelebrateawinterholiday.29．Whyarescientistsconcernedaboutnutria?A．Nutriadamagetheecosystemseriously.B．Nutriaarean

endangeredspecies.C．Nutriahurtlocalcat-sizedanimals.D．Nutriaareillegallyhunted.30．Whatdoestheunderlinedword―collapsed‖inparagraph5probab

lymean?A．Boomed.B．Becamemature.C．Remainedstable.D．Crashed.31．WhatcanweinferaboutwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?A．It’sformal.B．It’srisky.

C．It’sharmful.D．It’straditional.【答案】28．A29．A30．D31．B【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。海狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏生态平衡表

示了担忧。28．推理判断题。根据第二段UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.―Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutg

uilt-freefur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear,‖saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.

得知，美国新奥尔良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀，时装秀上展出海狸鼠皮制成的不同风格的衣服，项目总监CreeMcCree说：―除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情‖，可以判断出由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮

衣。故选A。29．推理判断题。根据第三段ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.得知，科学家们如此担心以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们5美元，可以推断出科学家们担忧海狸鼠

们严重破坏生态平衡，。故选A。30．词义猜测题。根据第五段Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanima

lsmultipliedlikecrazy.得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年的控制，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，根据but判断，这是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不再

销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词collapsed是和D.crashed倒闭的意思最相近。故选D。31．推理判断题。根据第二段ModelPaigeMorgansays,―Togivepeopleaguilt–freeoptionthattheycanwearwithouts

omeonethrowingpaintonthem-Ithinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleastinNewYork.‖得知，为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，根据模特摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有

风险的。故选B。【强重难词】1.environmentalistn.环保人士；环境论者；研究环境问题的专家2.ecologistsn.生态学家（ecologist的复数3.enthusiastn.爱好者，热心家；热烈支持者；狂热者4.ecosystemn

.生态系统5.collapse_v.（突然）倒塌；（尤指因病重而）倒下，昏倒；（尤指工作劳累后）坐下；崩溃；（货币）贬值；折叠6.multiplyvt.乘；使增加；使繁殖；使相乘7.morallyadv.道德上；有道德地；确实地8.bringback拿回来；使…恢复；使…回忆起来9.ama

ssivething大量的事情10.non-nativespecies非本土物种11.crossyourmind萦绕在你的心头【析长难句】1.―Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouundersta

ndthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear‖,saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.【解析】这是一个主从复合句。主句中的it是形式

主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式totalkaboutguilt-freefur；unless引导的是条件状语从句，其中that引导宾语从句，做understand的宾语。【译文】“如果你不明白海狸鼠每年都在破坏大

片湿地，那么谈论无罪感皮毛听起来都很疯狂。“‖项目总监克里·麦克里说。【仿写】________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________2.Scientis

tsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.【解析】句中含有一个so…that引导的结果状语从句，beconcernedthat是对…担

心.【译文】路易斯安那州的科学家非常担心，他们决定付给猎人一条尾巴5美元。。【仿写】____________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________3.Hesaysit’snoteasytoconvinc

epeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.【解析】句中says后面含有一个以it为形式主语it’snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,以th

atnutriafurisgreen引导的真正主语的状语从句。后面又有一个but连接的并列句hehasnodoubtaboutit.【译文】他说，让人们相信海狸鼠是绿色的并不容易，但他对此毫不怀疑。【仿写】___________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________Passage2【真题详解】【2020·全国新课标I】Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudie

shavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown，Ohio，forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanot

her，employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.TheengineersattheMassa

chusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurtherchangingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordert

ogetthemtoperformdiverse，evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwaterandaplantthatcande

tectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.＂We’rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,

＂explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsgrow(

发光)inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.Strano’steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight，aboutone-tho

usandthoftheamountneededtoreadby，isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreeintoself-

poweredstreetlamps.inthefuture，theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleave

sinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant’slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff＂switch＂wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.Li

ghtingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource(电源)-

suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission(传输).Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceand

thereforehelpsaveenergy.32．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Anewstudyofdifferentplants.B．Abigfallincrimerate

s.C．Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.D．Benefitsfromgreenplants.33．WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineer?A．Todetectplants’

lackofwaterB．TochangecompositionsofplantsC．Tomakethelifeofplantslonger.D．Totestchemicalsinplants.34．Whatcanweexpectofthegl

owingplantsinthefuture?A．Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.B．Theymaytransmitelectricitytothehome.C．Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.D．Theyc

ouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.35．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?B．Howdowelivewithglowingplant

s?C．Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?D．Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?【答案】32．D33．A34．C35．C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师

开发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。32．主旨大意题。根据第一段中AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,f

orexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwi

thhouseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。故选

D。33．细节理解题。根据第二段中Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandete

ctharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.可知这就包括叶子上印有传感器来显示植物缺水的情况的植物，还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质。由此可知，麻省理工学院工程师植物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺水的情况。故选A。34．细节理解题。根据最后一段中G

lowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.可知发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。由此可知，这种发光的植物在未来可能有助于减少能源消耗。故选

C。35．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromt

hepowersource-suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission.Glowingplant

scouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.可知照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。由于照明通常远离电源，例如从发电厂到偏僻公路上路灯的距离，在传输过程

中会损失大量能源。发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。结合文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势

，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。由此可知，C选项―发光的植物能取代路灯吗？‖最符合文章标题。故选C。【强重难词】1.productiveadj.富有成效的2.conductv.组织，实施，进行；指挥（音乐）；带领，引导；举止，表现；传导（热

或电）3.sprayn.喷雾，喷雾剂；喷雾器；水沫；4.transmissionn.传动装置，[机]变速器；传递；传送；播送5.diverseadj.不同的，相异的；多种多样的，形形色色的6.createvt.创造，创作；造成7.bedecoratedwith...由…装饰8.take..

.astepfurther把…进一步9.afaintlight微弱的光线10.aversionof……的一个版本11.positiveeffects_积极影响【析长难句】1.Inanother，employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirwo

rkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.【解析】whentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants是时间状语从句，其中的bedecoratedwith是用…装饰。【译文】在另一项研究中，当员工的工

作场所装饰有室内植物时，他们的工作效率提高了15%【仿写】__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________2.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedonto

theirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.【解析】these是句子的主语，include是谓语，pl

ants和aplant并列做include的宾语。第一个that引导的定语从句修饰plant；whenthey’reshortofwater是宾语从句，做show的宾语。第二个that引导的定语从句修饰aplant。【译文】其中包括一种植物

，它们的叶子上印有传感器，可以显示它们是否缺水，还有一种植物可以检测地下水中的有害化学物质。【仿写】_________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________3.Theengineersarealsotryingto

developanonandoff＂switch＂wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.【解析】本句是个主从复合句。Where引导的定语从句修饰anonandoff＂s

witch＂；whenexposedtodaylight是省略了主语和be的时间状语从句。【译文】工程师们还在尝试开发一种开关，当光线暴露在日光下时，这种开关就会减弱。【仿写】______________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________PPPaaarrrttt333专专专题题题强强强化化化Passage1【真题自测】【2019·浙江卷】Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s,accordingtoastudytobe

publishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor(因素).Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan

46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected,fromthefoggynorthern

coasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry,thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymoretha

n55percent;inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline,saidPatrickMcIntyre,anecologistwhowasthelea

dauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscr

owdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources(资源).ButincomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheron

ebetween2001and2010,McIntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.Th

elossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithacomputermodelthatcalculatedho

wmuchwatertreesweregettingincomparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded,takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall,airtemperature,dampnessofsoil,an

dthetimingofsnowmelt(融雪).Sincethe1930s,McIntyresaid,thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,w

hichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseaso

n.1．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theseriousnessofbig-treelossinCalifornia.B．TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees

.C．ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.D．TheinfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.2．Whichofthefollowingiswell-intentionedbutmaybe

badforbigtrees?A．Ecologicalstudiesofforests.B．Banningwoodcutting.C．Limitinghousingdevelopment.D．Firecontrolmeasures.3．Whatisamajorcauseofth

ewatershortageaccordingtoMcIntyre?A．Inadequatesnowmelt.B．Alongerdryseason.C．Awarmerclimate.D．Dampnessoftheair.4．Whatcanbeasuitabl

etitleforthetext?A．California’sForests:WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone?B．CuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforni

aSoonC．WhyAretheBigTreesImportanttoCaliforniaForests?D．PatrickMcIntyre:GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia【答案】1--4ADCA【解析】这是一篇说明文。根据一项研究显示，自20世纪30年代以来

，加州已经损失了一半的大树，而气候变化似乎是其主要因素。1．主旨大意题。第二段中，作者用具体数据说明了大树损失在各个地区的严重程度，没有任何地区幸免或不受影响，故选A。2．推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCalifornia

forestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources(资源).可知，对野火的控制使得加利福尼亚的森林里挤满了小树，与大树争夺资源

，也就是对野火的控制是善意的，但对大树产生了不利的影响。故选D。3．细节理解题。根据最后一段thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebee

nrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.可知

，造成加州水资源短缺的最大因素是温度升高，这导致树木向空气中流失更多的水分，以及更早的融雪，这减少了旱季对树木的供水量。故选C。4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，自20世纪30年代以来，加州已经损失了一半的大树，文章分析了引起该现象的几个主要因素。全文围绕―加州森林的大树都去哪儿了‖话题展开，故选项

A。Passage2【真题自测】【2018北京卷】Plastic-EatingWormsHumansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills(垃圾填埋场),andupto1

2milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.Researchersin

SpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacomme

rcialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms’chewingalonewasnotre

sponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste(糊状物)andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirma

ss—apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes(酶)fromtheworms’stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2017.FedericaBertocc

hini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms’abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood—beeswax—alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic.＂Waxisacomplexmixt

ure,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbonbond,isthereaswell,＂sheexplains,＂Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond.＂Jenn

iferDeBruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuc

hwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,De

Bruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(肠道微生物)?

Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam’sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexp

ectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply＂millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.＂43.Whatcanwelearnabo

utthewormsinthestudy?A.Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.C.Theycanconsumepla

stics.D.Theywindupinlandfills.44.AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto.A.identifyothermeansofthebreakdownB.findoutthesourceof

theenzymeC.confirmtheresearchfindingsD.increasethebreakdownspeed45.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight.A.helptoraise

wormsB.helpmakeplasticbagsC.beusedtocleantheoceansD.beproducedinfactoriesinfuture46.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toexpl

ainastudymethodonworms.B.Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.C.Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.D.Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco-balance.【文

章大意】本文为说明文。文章介绍了一种吃塑料的虫子大蜡螟，它胃中的酶能够降解塑料，这为解决塑料污染提供了新的途径。44.B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitane

nzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(肠道微生物)?可知，下一步研究是辨清分解的原因，查明这种酶来源于哪里，是虫子自己产生的还是它肠道里的微生物产生

的。故选B。45.D【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply＂millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic

.＂可以推断出，Bertocchini希望这种化学物质将来能在工业生产中使用，而不是仅仅依靠蠕虫来分解塑料。故选D。学科/网46.C【解析】写作意图题。根据文章第一段最后一句Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsana

nswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.可知，有一种新的方法被用于分解塑料。再根据最后一段最后一句Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimp

ly＂millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.＂可知，Bertocchini希望将这种方法推广到工业中。由此可以推知写作意图为介绍一种分解塑料的方法。故选C。Passage3【新题模拟】（2021·河北

衡水市·衡水中学高三月考）Lastyear,thebushfiresinAustraliaburnedmorethan12.35millionacresofland.Atleast25peoplewer

ekilledand2000homesdestroyed.AccordingtotheBBC,thatwasthemostcasualties(伤亡)fromwildfiresinthecountrysince2009.TheUnive

rsityofSydneyestimatesthat480millionanimalshavediedinSouthWalesalone.ZekeHausfather,anenergysystemsanalystandclimateresearcheratBerke

leyEarth,saidwarmertemperaturesandextremeweathermadeAustraliamoresusceptibletofiresandincreasedthelengthofthefir

eseason."Thedrierconditionscombinedwithrecordhightemperaturesin2019createdmainconditionsforthedisastrousfires.

Australia'sfireswereworsenedbythecombinationofthosetwo.2019wastheperfectstormforbeingthewarmestyearonrecordforA

ustraliaandthedriestyearonrecordforAustralia,"HausfatheraddedonFriday.KevinTrenberth,aseniorscientistattheUSNationalCenterforAtmosphericR

esearch,saidwarmeroceantemperaturesarealsocontributedtomorevariableweatheraroundtheworld.Trenberthbelievesthatglobalwarmingcontributedtoenergyimba

lancesandhotspotsintheoceans,whichcancreateawaveintheatmospherethatlocksweatherpatternsinplaces,causinglongerraineventsinI

ndonesia,forexample,andatthesametimecontributingtodroughtinAustralia.Hesaidthatonceanareaexperiencesdroughtconditionsfortwomonthsormore,itincrease

stheriskoffirescatchingandspreading.Thosechangingweatherpatternsduetoglobalwarmingmakedroughteventslonger.Climateexpert

sstressthatclimatechangeisnottheonlyfactorintheseverity(严重)ofwildfires.Howlandismanagedcanalsoimpacttheamountoffuelavailableforfires.Prac

ticeslikecontrolledbumsandotherfactorscanimpacttherisktopeopleandproperty,suchaswarningsystemsandthetypeofdevelopmentina

givenarea.Changingthosepolicieshasgreatpotentialtolimitfuturedamagefromwildfiresalongwithchangestohowfiremanagementresour

cesaredispatched(派遣).1．Whatarethenumbersaboutinparagraph1?A．ThecausesofAustralianfires.B．TheresultsofAustral

ianfires.C．ThedamagedareasofAustralianfires.D．ThepropertydestructionofAustralianfires.2．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains''susceptibleto"inthesecondpar

agraph?A．Veryquicklytoadaptto.B．Veryseriouslytofocuson.C．Verylikelytobeinfluencedby.D．Veryeasilytobeprotectedagainst.3．Whatcanwein

ferfromTrenberth’sresearch?A．Longerdryweathercontributestoglobalwarming.B．Globalwanningisalsoamaincauseofthebushfires.C．Warmeroceantemper

aturesleadstothefiresdirectly.D．Theimbalancedenergyleadstothetemperaturerising.4．Whatdoestheauthorintendtodointhelastparagraph?A．Tostr

esstheeffectsofAustraliafires.B．Toshowthemethodsforlandmanagement.C．TopredicttheseriousnessofAustraliafires.D．Toprovidesomeadviceaboutreducingfireda

mage.【答案】1．B2．C3．B4．D【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了澳大利亚森林大火产生的条件和蔓延的原因。1．推理判断题。由第一段―Thisseason,thebushfiresinAustraliahaveburnedmoretha

n12.35millionacresofland.Atleast25peoplehavebeenkilledand2000homesdestroyed(这个季节，澳大利亚的森林大火已经烧毁了超过1235万英亩的土地

。至少25人死亡，2000座房屋被毁)‖可知，本段的数字表明森林大火产生的严重后果。故选B项。2．词句猜测题。由第二段―ZekeHausfather,anenergysystemsanalystandclimaterese

archeratBerkeleyEarth,saidwarmertemperaturesandextremeweatherhavemadeAustraliamoresusceptibletofiresandincreasedthelengthofthefireseason(加州大学伯克利分校地

球分校的能源系统分析师和气候研究员泽克·豪萨福尔说，气温升高和极端天气使澳大利亚更容易发生火灾，并延长了火灾季节的长度)‖可推测，气温升高和极端天气更容易发生火灾，moresusceptibleto意为―更容易受到……影响‖，与C项―Verylikelytobeinfluencedby(很容易

受……的影响)‖意思相近。故选C项。3．推理判断题。由第三段的―Hesaidthatonceanareaexperiencesdroughtconditionsfortwomonthsormore,itincreasestheriskoffirescatchingandspre

ading.Thosechangingweatherpatternsduetoglobalwarmingmakedroughteventslonger(他说，一旦一个地区经历了两个月或更长时间的干旱，它就会增加火灾发生和蔓延的风险。那

些由于全球变暖而改变的天气使得干旱持续的时间更长)‖可推断，全球气候变暖是森林火灾的根本原因。故选B项。4．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，气候专家强调，气候变化不是野火严重的唯一因素。土地的管理方式也会影响火灾可用燃料的数量

。诸如控制性燃烧和其他因素等做法可能会影响对人和财产的风险，火灾管理资源分配方式改变的同时，改变这些政策有很大的潜力限制未来野火造成的损害。可推断在最后一段作者想要介绍一些关于减少火灾损失的建议。故选D项。Passage4【新题模拟】（2021·云南昆明市·高

三一模）Throughanagreementsignedtoday,themuch-lovedanimalswillcontinuetodelightvisitorsforanotherthreeyears,throughDece

mber7,2023.―We’reallveryexcited,‖saysSteveMonfort,thedirectoroftheSmithsonian’sNationalZooandConservationBiologyI

nstitute.―It’sverygoodthatwecancontinueourcooperationwithourChinesecolleagues.‖ThefemalegiantpandaMeiXiangandmaleTianT

ian,willreturntoChinaattheendof2023attherelativelyelderpandaagesof25and26respectively（分别地).Theprobablelifetimeforgiantpanda

sisabout15to20yearsinthewild,andabout30yearsincaptivity(圈养).LikelytotravelwiththetwoisXiaoQiJi（LittleMiracle）,whowasbornonAugus

t21,2020.The15-week-oldmalecubisthefourthofMeiXiang’sfoursurvivingcubs.Bylong-standingagreement,cubsbornincaptivitya

tthezooaresenttoChinabeforefour.WhenXiaoQiJiwasborn,hismotherMeiXiangbecametheoldestgiantpandatogivebirthinNorthAmerica.ThepublichasyettoseeXi

aoQiJiinperson.Normally,itwouldbeataboutthistime,alittleover100days,thatacubwouldbeabletobesharedwiththepublic.Over1.6millio

npeoplehavewatchedtheZoo'sPandaCamsincetheAugustbirth,withatotalof8.8millionpageviews.Justthisweek,hisparents,MeiXiangandTianTianmarked20yearsi

nWashington,D．C．.TheextensionagreementmeansthattheNationalZooandChinawillreachahalfcenturyofconservatio

nandcooperationbetweentheU.S.andChina.―Itshouldn'tbesurprisingtopeoplethatcooperationisthefoundationofthewaythatonedoesthework.‖Monfortsays,―Inprotec

tingspecies,nooneorganizationandoftennotevenonegovernmentcantheoreticallysaveaspecieswithoutpartnership.‖5．Whatistheagreementabout?A

．Twopandas'threemoreyearsintheUSA．B．CooperationbetweentheZooandChina.C．ThefirstpublicappearanceofXiaoQiJi.

D．Thewaytoreturnhomeforthreepandas.6．WhatdoweknowaboutMeiXiang?A．Shehasbeenabroadfor20years.B．ShehasbeensentbacktoCh

ina.C．ShewasbornintheNationalZoo.D．She'stheoldestpandatogivebirth.7．What'sthepublic'sattitudetowardsthenewly-bornpanda?A．Uncaring.B．Ent

husiastic.C．Cautious.D．Sympathetic8．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．MeiXiangHasGivenBirthtoXiaoQiJiB．

CooperationIsKeytoAnimalProtectionC．ExtensionAgreementonPandasIsReachedD．LifetimeforGiantPandasIsFiguredOuteentheU.S.andChina.‖【答案】5．A

6．A7．B8．C【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了，中美之间达成大熊猫延期协议及其内容和意义。5．细节理解题。由第一段中的―Throughanagreementsignedtoday,themuch-lovedanimals

willcontinuetodelightvisitorsforanotherthreeyears,throughDecember7,2023.‖（通过今天签署的一项协议，这些备受喜爱的动物将在接下来的三年里继续取悦游客，直至2023年12月7日。）和第二段中的―The

femalegiantpandaMeiXiangandmaleTianTian,willreturntoChinaattheendof2023attherelativelyelderpandaagesof25and26respectively

（分别地）.‖（雌性大熊猫―美香‖和雄性―天天‖将于2023年底返回中国，在它们年龄相对较大的时候，分别为25岁和26岁。），可知协议是关于两只大熊猫―美香‖和―天天‖继续在美国再待三年。故选A项。6．细节理解题。

由倒数第二段中的―Justthisweek,hisparents,MeiXiangandTianTianmarked20yearsinWashington,D.C..‖（就在本周，他的父母，大熊猫―美

香‖和―天天‖在华盛顿度过了20年。），可知大熊猫―美香‖在华盛顿度过了20年，即她在国外20年了。故选A项。7．推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的―ThepublichasyettoseeXiaoQiJiinperson.Normal

ly,itwouldbeataboutthistime,alittleover100days,thatacubwouldbeabletobesharedwiththepublic.Over1.6mil

lionpeoplehavewatchedtheZoo'sPandaCamsincetheAugustbirth,withatotalof8.8millionpageviews.‖（公众还没有见到新出生的大熊猫幼崽

―小奇迹‖。正常情况下，大约在这个时候，大约100多天，一只幼崽就能与公众见面。自8月份出生以来，超过160万人观看了动物园的熊猫摄像头，总浏览量达880万次。），可知在没有见到―小奇迹‖的情况下，160万人自其出生以来，蹲守动物园的熊猫摄像头，总浏览量达880万次，说明公众对这只新

生的熊猫很热情。故选B项。8．主旨大意题。由第一段中的―Throughanagreementsignedtoday,themuch-lovedanimalswillcontinuetodelightvisitorsforanotherthreeyears,thr

oughDecember7,2023.‖（通过今天签署的一项协议，这些备受喜爱的动物将在接下来的三年里继续取悦游客，直至2023年12月7日。），第三段中的―Bylong-standingagreement

,cubsbornincaptivityatthezooaresenttoChinabeforefour.‖（根据长期协议，动物园圈养出生的幼崽在4岁之前被送到中国。）和最后一段中的―TheextensionagreementmeansthattheNat

ionalZooandChinawillreachahalfcenturyofconservationandcooperationbetw美中之间达成半个世纪的保护与合作。），可知文章主要讲中美之间达

成了大熊猫延期协议及其内容和意义，C项―大熊猫延期协议达成‖符合文意。故选C项。Passage5【新题模拟】（2021·山西太原市·高三期末）TheChinesemannedsubmersible(潜水器)Fendouzhe,over96.5percentofw

hosecorecomponentshavebeenindependentlydevelopedbyChina,reachedoneofthedeepestspotsontheplanet,adizzyinganddarkdepthof10,90

9meters.Extremewaterpressureisthefirstchallengethatrequiresdealingwithduringtheexploration.At10,000metersdownintheoc

ean,thesubmersiblehastostandabout1,100atmospheresofpressure,equalto2,000elephantssteppingonaperson’sbac

k.Asthesolid―armour(盔甲)‖，themannedcabinisasafetyguaranteeforhumanstoreachdownto10,000metersdeepinthe

ocean.Toovercomethetechnicalbottleneck,theChineseresearchersdevelopedanewmaterial-Ti62A,successfullysol

vingproblemsofthestrengthandtoughnessofthemannedcabin.Toavoidrisksofcrashesinthedarkdeepseawithcomplexterrain(地形)，Fendouzherequiresitscont

rolsystem,asmart―brain‖togivetheexactinstructions.Researchersdesignedaneuralnetworkalgorithm(神经网络算法),whichenablesFe

ndouzhetotravelautomaticallyaccordingtotheseabedterrainandlocatefixedpoints.Itscontrolsystemhasreachedtheinternationalfrontierleve

l.Thesubmersibleisequippedwithtwoflexibleandstrong―arms‖.Each7-jointarmwith6degrees-of-freedomcontrolandaweight-carryingabilityo

fmorethan60kilogramscancoverthesamplingbasketanditsfrontareas.Withthearms,Fendouzhecollectedsamplesofoceanrocks,deep-sealivingthi

ngsandseabedsediments(沉淀物).Theocean,especiallythedeepsea,iswidelyregardedasEarth'sfinalfrontier.Deepd

ownintheoceanareunusualcreatures,strangeenvironmentsandimpressivegeologicalwonders,yethumanityknowslessabouttheoceanfloort

hanaboutthefarsideofthemoon.Thesesamplesanddatacollectedfromthedeepoceancanbeusedforgeologicalandbiologicalresearch,aswel

lasstudythehumanimpactontheplanet.9．Whyis―2000elephants‖mentionedinparagraph2?A．Tomakethenumbersaccurate.B．Toprovideab

iologicalexplanation.C．Toemphasizetheimportanceofthetask.D．Todescribethedegreeofthepressurevividly.10．Whatc

an―arms‖doaccordingtoparagraph4?A．Collectoceansamples.B．Landthesubmersible.C．Providesafetyguarantee.D．Preventcrashes

intelligently.11．Whichofthefollowinghasreachedtheworldadvancedlevel?A．Thetoughnessofthecabin.B．Theabilityofweight-carrying.C．Themethodofdata-coll

ection.D．Thetechnologyofcontrolsystem.12．Whydopeopleresearchthedeepoceanaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Itismoreco

mplexthanthemoon.B．Itisseriouslyaffectedbyhumans.C．Tomakesureofthedepthoftheocean.D．Toexploretheless-knownfieldoftheplanet.【答案】9．D10．A11．D12．D【

分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了中国载人潜水器―奋斗者‖号成功到达了地球最深的地点之一，深度是10909米，还介绍了―奋斗者‖号的相关信息。9．推理判断题。根据第二段中―Extremewaterpressureisthefirstchallengethatrequiresdealin

gwithduringtheexploration.At10,000metersdownintheocean,thesubmersiblehastostandabout1,100atmospheresofpressure,equalto2,000elephantssteppingonaper

son’sback.(极端水压是勘探过程中需要处理的第一个挑战。在1万米深的海底，潜水器必须承受1100个大气压的压力，相当于2000头大象踩在一个人的背上。)‖可知，提到―2000头大象‖是想要把压力的程度生动地

描述出来。故选D项。10．细节理解题。根据第四段中―Withthearms,Fendouzhecollectedsamplesofoceanrocks,deep-sealivingthingsandseabedsediments(沉淀物).(

通过臂，―奋斗者‖收集了海洋岩石、深海生物和海床沉积物的样本。)‖可知，―臂‖可以收集海洋的样品。故选A项。11．细节理解题。根据第三段中―Itscontrolsystemhasreachedtheinternationalfrontierlevel.

(其控制系统已达到国际前沿水平。)‖可知，控制系统的技术达到了世界先进水平。故选D项。12．推理判断题。根据最后一段中―…yethumanityknowslessabouttheoceanfloorthanaboutthefarsideofthemoon

.Thesesamplesanddatacollectedfromthedeepoceancanbeusedforgeologicalandbiologicalresearch,aswellasstudythehumanimpactontheplanet.(

…然而人类对海底的了解要比对月球表面的了解少得多。这些从深海收集的样本和数据可用于地质和生物研究，以及研究人类对地球的影响。)‖可知，人们研究深海，想探索地球上鲜为人知的领域。故选D项。