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专题04文化教育类PPPaaarrrttt111题题题型型型总总总览览览【题型综述】文化教育主要指与文化学习相关的话题，指教育和学习中的困难、语言和交际的态度、学习方法和学习策略等方面。这些话题与学生的日常学习

密切相关，通过这些话题的学习和考查，可以让学生了解学习方法和策略，激发学生学习语言、运用语言的热情。这类阅读材料的命题点往往落在细节理解及推断题或主旨大意题上。【技巧点拨】做推断题时，应该注意推断隐含意义的题干中常含infer(推断)，suggest(暗示)，imply(暗示)，in

dicate(暗示)，conclude(推断，得出结论)等词语。应该注意从以下几点做起：1.透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思2.注意对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。3.定位信息：

通过寻读找到相关信息点。做主旨大意题时，应该注意弄清文章的大意，关键是找到主题句。主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应，有时也在文中，或没有主题句，需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句。议论文和说明文一般有主题句，但记叙文通常没有主题句，需要归纳。【读相关词

】1.majorvi.主修2.scholarshipn.奖学金3.mastervt.精通；掌握4.lecturen.演讲5.accumulatev.积累；积聚6.encouragevt.鼓励序号内容Part1题型总览题型综述技巧点拨读相关词

Part2真题感悟真题详解强重难词析长难句..Part3专题强化真题自测新题模拟7.graspvt.掌握8.rewardvt.奖励9.developvt.发展10.standout脱颖而出11.earn...byheart背诵，记住12.educationalbackground教育背景13.f

ormahabitof养成……的习惯14.haveagoodknowledgeof通晓15.campus校园16.canteen餐厅17.laboratory/lab实验室18.dormitory宿舍19.schooldininghall学生食堂20.teachi

ngbuilding教学楼21.lecturetheatre阶梯教室22.theStudents'/studentUnion学生会23.socialpractice社会实践24.part-timejobs兼职25.vacationjobs假期工作26.preparef

orlessons预习功课27.putone'sheartinto专心于28.concentrateon全神贯注，专心于29.graduationceremony毕业典礼30.after-schoolactivities课外活动31.voluntaryla

bor义务劳动32.physicalactivities体育活动33.holdasportsmeeting举行运动会34.learn...byheart/keep...inmind记住……35.keepagoodmoodindailylife在日常生活中保持良

好的心态36.haveapositivefeeling有积极的情感37.buildupone'sconfidence树立自信心38.agreatchallenge一个巨大的挑战39.catchupwith跟上，赶上40.bef

acedwithvariouspressures面对各种压力41.beataloss不知所措42.beintrouble处境困难43.lend/givesb.ahand帮助某人44.makesense有意义45.regardmoneyaseveryth

ing认为金钱万能46.therealmeaningoflife生活的真谛47.warmsunshine温暖的阳光48.promotefriendshipwith...增进同……的友谊49.bereadytohelpot

hers乐于助人50.helpsb.out帮助某人摆脱困境51.improvetherelationship改善关系52.cooperatevi.合作；协力53.cherishvt.珍惜54.acco

mpanyvt.陪同；陪伴55.dilemman.(进退两难的)窘境，困境56.developone'sinterest培养某人的兴趣PPPaaarrrttt222真真真题题题感感感悟悟悟Passage1【真题详解】【2020·

全国新课标I】Returningtoabookyou’vereadmanytimescanfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend.There’sawelcomefamiliarity-butalsosometimesaslightsuspiciontha

ttimehaschangedyouboth,andthustherelationship.Butbooksdon’tchange,peopledo.Andthat’swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.The

beautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentmentalregister.It’strue,theolderIget,themo

reIfeeltimehaswings.Butwithreading,it’sallaboutthepresent.It’saboutthenowandwhatonecontributestothenow,becausereadingisagiveandtakebetweenauthoran

dreader.Eachhastopulltheirownweight.TherearethreebooksIrereadannuallyThefirst,whichItaketoreadingeveryspringisEmestHemningway’s

AMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it’shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating(令人陶醉的)，anagingwriterlookingbackonanambi

tiousyetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnieDillard’sHolytheFirm,herpoetic1975ramble(随笔)abouteverythingandnothing.Thethirdbooki

sJulioCortazar’sSaveTwilight:SelectedPoems,becausepoetry.AndbecauseCortazar.WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethree

weregiventomeasgifs,whichmightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,rere

adinganauthor’sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.Thebestbooksaretheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.Butremember,it’syouthathastogro

wandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.24．Whydoestheauthorlikerereading?A．Itevaluatesthewriter-readerrelationship.B．It’sawindowtoawho

lenewworld.C．It’sasubstitutefordrinkingwithafriend.D．Itextendstheunderstandingofoneself.25．Whatdoweknowabouttheb

ookAMoveableFeas!?A．It’sabriefaccountofatrip.B．It’saboutHemingway’slifeasayoungman.C．It’sarecordofahistoricevent.D．It’saboutHemingway’

sfriendsinParis.26．Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂currency＂inparagraph4referto?A．DebtB．Reward.C．Allowance.D．Facevalue.27．Whatcanweinferabouttheau

thorfromthetext?A．Helovespoetry.B．He’saneditor.C．He’sveryambitious.D．Heteachesreading.【答案】24．D25．B26．B27．A

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。24．推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“Butbooksdon’tchange,peopled

o.Andthat’swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.(但是书没变，人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处)”和第二段“Thebeautyofrereadingliesinthatourbondwiththew

orkisbasedonourpresentregister.Itistrue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.(重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理状

态。真的，我年纪越大，就越觉得时光飞逝。)”可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可以扩展对自己的理解。故选D项。25．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Publishedin1964,it’shisclassicmemoirof1920sPar

is.”及“anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime”可知，这本书出版于1964年，这是他关于20世纪20年代在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾。由此可判断出AMovableFeast

是关于海明威年轻时的生活。故选B项。26．词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,(虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的)”可知，前后句为转折关系，

根据上下文的语境可推知，“rereadinganauthor’sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.”意为“但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报”，由此判断出划线词的意思是“回报”。故选B项。27．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The

thirdbookisJulioCortázar’sSaveTwilight:selectedpoems,becausepoetry.(第三本书是胡里奥·科塔扎的《拯救暮光之城:诗歌精选》，因为诗歌)”可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌而喜欢这本书。故选A项。【强重难词】1.familiarityn.熟悉

，精通；亲密；随便2.suspicionn.怀疑；嫌疑；疑心；一点儿3.transformativeadj.变化的，变形的；有改革能力的4.registerv.登记；（旅馆）登记住宿；挂号邮寄n.登记表；学校点名册；（老师对学生的）点名登记；登记注册；套准5.cur

rencyn.货币；通货6.annuallyadv.每年；一年一次7.memoirn.回忆录；研究报告；自传；实录8.intoxicatingadj.醉人的；令人陶醉的；使兴奋的9.ambitiousadj.野心勃勃的；有雄心的；热望的；炫耀的10.poeticadj.诗的，诗歌的；诗意的；诗

人的11.ramblev.（在乡间）漫步，闲逛；漫谈，闲聊；n.（在乡间的）漫步，闲逛；12.lookbackon回顾；回忆13.contributesto贡献；有助于【析长难句】1.Returningtoabookyou

’vereadmanytimescanfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend.【解析】本句中的Returningtoabook是动名词做主语，book后面又跟了一个省略了that的定语从句you’vereadmanytimes。【译文】重读一本读了很多

遍的书，感觉就像和老朋友喝酒一样。【仿句】___________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________2.Andthat’swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.【解析

】本句中的whatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative是一个表语从句，且what担任表语从句的主语。【译文】这就是为什么重读的行为如此丰富和具有变化性。【仿句】_________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________3.Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentmenta

lregister.【解析】本句中的theidea后的thatourbondwiththework是同位语从句，同位语中的主语是ourbondwiththework，其谓语isbasedon，意思是以…为基础。【译文】重读

的美妙之处在于，我们与作品的联系是建立在我们当前的心理区域之上的。【仿句】________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________4.Butremember,it’syouthathastogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstand

yourfriends.【解析】本句中的含有一个强调you的强调句型，reread是重新读。【译文】但是记住，为了更好地理解朋友，你自己，需要成长、阅读、再阅读。【仿句】____________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________Passage2【真题详解】【2020·全国新

课标II】Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwith

math-relatedskills.PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrentheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetwe

enages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)afterc

ontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingso

f53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsof

agehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirab

ilitytorotate(旋转)andtranslateshapes,”Levinesaidinastatement.Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould

,andabouthalfofchildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefreq

uently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlest

hangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.Thefindings

werepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.24．Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?A．Buildingconfid

ence.B．Developingspatialskills.C．Learningself-control.D．Gaininghigh-techknowledge.25．WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsidera

tionwhendesigningherexperiment？A．Parents’age.B．Children’simagination.C．Parents’education.D．Child-parentrel

ationship.26．Howdoboydifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?A．Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.B．Theytendtotalklessduringt

hegame.C．Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.D．Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.27．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Amathematicalmethod.B．Asci

entificstudy.C．AwomanpsychologistD．Ateachingprogram.【答案】24．B25．C26．D27．B【解析】本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究

考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。24．细节理解题。根据第二段中…foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4developbetterspatialskill(在2岁到4岁之间玩智力游戏的儿童在空间能力方面更好)可知，孩子们可以从智力游戏

中发展更好的空间技能。B.Developingspatialskills(发展空间能力)符合以上说法，故选B项。25．细节理解题。根据第二段中Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorof

cognitionaftercontrollingfordifferenceinparents'income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.(Levine说，在控制了不同父母的收入、教育和父母谈话次数后，

拼图游戏被发现是一个重要的认知预测)可知Levine在设计这个试验时考虑了父母的收入、教育程度和父母谈话的次数。C.Parents'education.(父母的教育)符合以上说法，故选C项。26．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中However,b

oystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,可知男孩比女孩更喜欢玩复杂的谜题，即他们可能会玩难度更大的谜题。D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.(他们有可能玩更复杂的谜题)符合以上说法，故选D

项。27．主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以是关于科学研究的。B.Ascientificstudy(一项科学研究)符合以上说法，故选B项。【强重难词】1.high-techadj.高科技的，高技术的；仿真技术的2.psycholo

gistn.心理学家，心理学者3.significantadj.重大的；有效的；有意义的；值得注意的；意味深长的4.predictorn.[气象]预报器；预言者5.cognitionn.认识；知识；认识能力6.assess

vt.评定；估价；对…征税7.rotatevi.旋转；循环8.frequentlyadv.频繁地，经常地；时常，屡次9.math-relatedskills数学有关的技能10.interactwith与……相互作用11.patialskill

s可技能12.【析长难句】1.Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills

.【解析】此句是一个由but连接的并列复合句。第一个是if引导的条件状语从句；第二个分句中的puzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills是宾语从句，做said的宾语。【译文】如果一些父母亲认为高科技玩具对孩子有帮助，他们会购买任何

高科技玩具，但研究人员称，智力游戏能帮助孩子提高数学技能。【仿写】__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________2.Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould

,andabouthalfofchildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.【解析】句中含有一个as引导的方式状语从句，interactwith与…互动，还含有一个andabouthalfofch

ildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.的并列句。【译文】父母被要求像往常一样与孩子互动，研究中大约一半的孩子同时玩拼图。【仿写】_________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________3.Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetwe

en26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.【解析】这是一个复合句。Found后面跟的是省略了that的宾语从句，宾语从句中的whoplaywith

puzzlesbetween26and46monthsofage是定语从句，修饰children；whenassessedat54monthsofage是省略了主语和be动词的时间状语从句，完整句子是whentheyareassessedat54monthsofage。【译文】研究人员分析

了53对儿童与父母在家中日常活动的录像，发现年龄在26个月至46个月之间玩拼图的孩子在54个月时的空间能力更强。【仿写】_________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PP

Paaarrrttt333专专专题题题强强强化化化Passage1【真题自测】【2018·全国卷2】Teensandyoungerchildrenarereadingalotlessforfun,accor

dingtoaCommonSenseMediareportpublishedMonday.Whilethedeclineoverthepastdecadeissteepforteenreaders,somedatainthereportshowsthat

readingremainsabigpartofmanychildren���slives,andindicateshowparentsmighthelpencouragemorereading.Accordingtotherepo

rt���skeyfindings,“theproportion(比例)whosaythey‘hardlyever’readforfunhasgonefrom8percentof13-year-oldsan

d9percentof17-year-oldsin1984to22percentand27percentrespectivelytoday.”Thereportdatashowsthatpleasurereadinglevelsforyoungerchildren,ages2~8,re

mainlargelythesame.Buttheamountoftimespentinreadingeachsessionhasdeclined,fromclosertoanhourormoretoclosertoahalfho

urpersession.Whenitcomestotechnologyandreading,thereportdoeslittletocounsel(建议)parentslookingfordataabouttheeffectofe-readersandtablet

sonreading.Itdoespointoutthatmanyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading,mainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedscreentime.Themosthopefuldatasharedinthere

portshowsclearevidenceofparentsservingasexamplesandimportantguidesfortheirkidswhenitcomestoreading.Datashowsthatkidsandteenswhodorea

dfrequently,comparedtoinfrequentreaders,havemorebooksinthehome,morebookspurchasedforthem,parentswhoreadmoreoften,andpare

ntswhosetasidetimeforthemtoread.Astheendofschoolapproaches,andschoolvacationreadinglistsloom(逼近)ahead,parentsmighttakethischanceto

stepinandmaketheirownsummerreadinglistandplanafamilytriptothelibraryorbookstore.1.WhatistheCommonSenseMed

iareportprobablyabout?A.Children’sreadinghabits.B.Qualityofchildren’sbooks.C.Children’safter-classac

tivities.D.Parent-childrelationships.2.Wherecanyoufindthedatathatbestsupports“childrenarereadingalotlessforfun”?A.InParagraph2.B.InParagraph3.C.In

Paragraph4.D.InParagraph5.3.Whydomanyparentslimitelectronicreading?A.E-booksareofpoorquality.B.Itcouldbeawasteoftime.C.

Itmayharmchildren’shealth.D.E-readersareexpensive.4.Howshouldparentsencouragetheirchildrentoreadmore?A.Actasrolemodelsforth

em.B.Askthemtowritebookreports.C.Setupreadinggroupsforthem.D.Talkwiththeirreadingclassteachers.【答案】1-4ABCA【文章大意】本

文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了通过研究发现,现在孩子们为了乐趣而进行阅读占比降低,并且告诉父母们应该给孩子们树立阅读的榜样,促使孩子们快乐地阅读等。1.A推理判断题。根据第一段的“Teensandyoungerch

ildrenarereadingalotlessforfun„”和第三段、第四段以及第五段的内容,可知这个报告主要说明了孩子们的阅读习惯的情况。2.B细节理解题。结合第三段的“Accordingtothereport���skeyfindings‘„22percentand27perc

entrespectivelytoday.’”可知,本段中出现的from8percentof13-year-oldsand9percentof17-year-oldsin1984to22percentand27percent这些数据证明了孩子

们现在从阅读中获得的乐趣少了。3.C细节理解题。根据第五段的“Itdoespointoutthatmanyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading,mainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedsc

reentime.”可知,父母们限制孩子们使用电子设备阅读,主要是因为日益增加的屏幕时间会影响孩子们的健康。4.A细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Themosthopefuldatasharedinthereportshowsclearevidenceofparentsserving

asexamplesandimportantguidesfortheirkidswhenitcomestoreading.”可知,父母们给孩子们树立榜样会促使孩子们阅读。Passage2【真题自测】【2016·浙江卷】Ascientist

workingatherlabbenchandasix-month-oldbabyplayingwithhisfoodmightseemtohavelittleincommon.Afterall,thescientistisengagedinseriousrese

archtouncovertheverynatureofthephysicalworld,andthebabyis,well,justplaying...right?Perhaps,butsomedevelopmental

psychologists(心理学家)havearguedthatthis"play"ismorelikeascientificinvestigationthanonemightthink.Takeaclose

rlookatthebabyplayingatthetable.Eachtimethebowlofriceispushedoverthetableedge,itfallstotheground—and,intheprocess,itbringsout

importantevidenceabouthowphysicalobjectsinteract(相互作用):bowlsofricedonotfloatinmid-air,butrequiresupporttoremainstable.Iti

slikelythatbabiesarenotbornknowingthisbasicfactoftheuniverse;noraretheyeverclearlytaughtit.Instead,babiesmayformanunderstandi

ngofobjectsupportthroughrepeatedexperimentsandthenbuildonthisknowledgetolearnevenmoreabouthowobjectsinteract.Thoug

htheirrangesandtoolsdiffer,thebaby’sinvestigationandthescientist’sexperimentappeartosharethesameaim(tolearnaboutthenaturalworld),overallapproach(g

atheringdirectevidencefromtheworld),andlogic(aremyobservationswhatIexpected?).Somepsychologistssuggesttha

tyoungchildrenlearnaboutmorethanjustthephysicalworldinthisway—thattheyinvestigatehumanpsychologyandtherulesoflanguageusingsimilarm

eans.Forexample,itmayonlybethroughrepeatedexperiments,evidencegathering,andfinallyoverturningatheory,thatababywillcometoaccepttheideathatotherp

eoplecanhavedifferentviewsanddesiresfromwhatheorshehas,forexample,unlikethechild,Mommyactuallydoesn’tlikeDovechocolate.Viewingchildhooddevelo

pmentasascientificinvestigationthrowslightonhowchildrenlearn,butitalsooffersaninspiringlookatscienceandscientists.Whydoyou

ngchildrenandscientistsseemtobesomuchalike?Psychologistshavesuggestedthatscienceasaneffort—thedesiretoexplore,explain,andunderstandourworld—issimply

somethingthatcomesfromourbabyhood.Perhapsevolution(进化)providedhumanbabieswithcuriosityandanaturaldrivetoexplaintheirworl

ds,andadultscientistssimplymakeuseofthesamedrivethatservedthemaschildren.Thesamecognitive(认知的)systemsthatmakeyoungchildrenfe

elgoodaboutfiguringsomethingoutmayhavebeenadoptedbyadultscientists.Assomepsychologistsputit,"Itisnotthatchil

drenarelittlescientistsbutthatscientistsarebigchildren."1.Accordingtosomedevelopmentalpsychologists,.A.aba

by’splayisnothingmorethanagameB.scientificresearchintobabies’gamesispossibleC.thenatureofbabies’playhasbeenthoroughlyinvestigate

dD.ababy’splayissomehowsimilartoascientist’sexperiment2.WelearnfromParagraph2that.A.scientistsandbabiesseemtoobserve

theworlddifferentlyB.scientistsandbabiesofteninteractwitheachotherC.babiesarebornwiththeknowledgeofobjectsupportD.bab

iesseemtocollectevidencejustasscientistsdo3.Childrenmaylearntherulesoflanguageby.A.exploringthephysicalworldB.investigatinghumanpsycholog

yC.repeatingtheirownexperimentsD.observingtheirparents’behaviors4.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Theworldmaybemoreclearlyexplainedth

roughchildren’splay.B.Studyingbabies’playmayleadtoabetterunderstandingofscience.C.Childrenmayhavegreate

rabilitytofigureoutthingsthanscientists.D.One’sdriveforscientificresearchmaybecomestrongerashegrows.5.Whatis

theauthor’stonewhenhediscussestheconnectionbetweenscientists’researchandbabies’play?A.Convincing.B.Confused.C.Confident.D.Cautious.【答案】1-4DDCBD【

语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了孩子的玩耍和科学家的研究有共同之处。1.D【解析】根据文章第一段的butsomedevelopmentalpsychologists(心理学家)havearguedthatthis“play”ismorelik

eascientificinvestigationthanonemightthink可知，心理学家觉得孩子的玩耍和科学家的研究有些相似，故选D。考点：考查细节理解。2.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的“.

..overallapproach(gatheringdirectevidencefromtheworld)...”可知，孩子也会像科学家一样收集证据，故选D。3.C【解析】根据文章第三段的“Forexample,itmay

onlybethroughrepeatedexperiments,evidencegathering,andfinallyoverturningatheory”可知，孩子可以通过重复自己的实验来学习语言的规律，故选C。考点：

考查细节理解。4.B【解析】根据最后一段的“Viewingchildhooddevelopmentasascientificinvestigationthrowslightonhowchildrenlearn,butitalsooff

ersaninspiringlookatscienceandscientists.”可知，研究孩子可以让人们更好地了解科学，故选B。考点：考查细节理解。5.D【解析】根据作者在文中的用词appearto、用may来弱化绝对性的表达及通过引用其他人的

观点somepsychologistsuggestthat可知，作者的语气是谨慎的。故选D。考点：考查推理判断。Passage3【新题模拟】（2021·云南昆明市·高三一模）Asdigitaldevices（设备）havetakenoversociety

,“keyboardactivityisnowoftenrecommendedasasubstituteforearlyhandwriting,"anewstudynotes.Theideaisthattypingmaybeeasierforyoungchildre

n.“SomeschoolsinNorwayhavebecomecompletelydigital,"notesAudreyVanderMeer,thenewstudy'sleader,whomeasuresbrainactivityt

obetterunderstandlearningandbehaviors.SheworksattheNorwegianUniversityofScienceandTechnologyinTrondheim.Thehumanb

rainhasdevelopedtointeractwiththeworldinasmanywaysaspossible,shenotes.Shebelievesthatyoungchildrenshouldlearntowritebyhandsuccessfully,and,atthesamet

imelearntomanageakeyboard.Usingapeninvolvesmoreofthebrainthanusingakeyboard,hernewfindingsshow.Thisis

becausewritingandprintinginvolvecomplexmovementsthatactivatemoreareasofthebrain.Theincreasedbrainactivity,"givestheb

rainmore'hooks'tohangyourmemorieson,"sheexplains.Thinkaboutit.Thesamemovementisrequiredtotypeeachletteronakeyboard.Bycom

parison,whenwewrite,ourbrainneedstothinkaboutandrecovermemoriesoftheshapeofeachletter.Wealsoneedtouseoureyestowatchwh

atshapeswe'rewriting.Andweneedtocontrolourhandstopressapenorpenciltoshapethedifferentletters.Allofthisusesandconnectsmoreareasofth

ebrain.Alongtheway,theseprocessesappearto“openthebrainupforlearning",saysVanderMeer.Solearningthroughonlyoneformat—digital—c

ouldbeharmful,sheworries.VanderMeeralsopointsoutthattakingnotesbyhandstimulates（激发）"visualnotetaking".

Ratherthantypingblindly,thevisualnote-takerhastothinkaboutwhatisimportanttowritedown.Then,keywordscanbe"interlinkedbyboxe

s,andarrows,andsupplementedbysmalldrawings".1．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Digitaldevicesarepopularwithstudents.B．Handwritingbeatstyping

intakingnotes.C．Theprocessoftakingnoteschangesthinking.D．Thenewstudymakescontributionstoscience.2．WhatshouldyoungkidsdoaccordingtoVanderMeer?A．C

ommunicatewiththeworld.B．Relyonkeyboardactivity.C．Learntowritebyhand.D．Masterbasicdrawingskills.3．Howdoestheauthordrawtheconclusio

n?A．Bystudyinghowthebraindevelops.B．Byobservingsocialphenomena.C．Byassessingfunctionsofsenses.D．Bycomparingwaysoftakingnotes.4．Inwhichsectionof

anewspapermaythetextappear?A．Relationship.B．Fashion.C．Culture.D．Science.【答案】1．B2．C3．D4．D【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，数字化正在普及

，然而一项研究表明，在记笔记时，手写比（用键盘）打字更有利于大脑发展，于学习有益，打字（数字化）对学习可能是有害的。1．主旨大意题。第一段“引出电子设备，打字比手写更容易”，第二三段讲“手写比打字对大脑发展更好”，第四段讲“手写对大脑发展更好的原因”，第五段讲“

数字化（打字）对学习可能是有害的”，最后一段讲“再次申明手记笔记的好处”，可知文章主要讲在记笔记上手写胜过打字，更有益于大脑发展。故选B项。2．细节理解题。由第二段中的“Shebelievesthatyoungchildrenshouldlearntowritebyhandsuccessfully

,and,atthesametimelearntomanageakeyboard.”（她认为，幼儿应该学会成功地用手写字，同时还要学会管理键盘。），可知AudreyVanderMeer认为幼儿应该学会成

功地用手写字。故选C项。3．推理判断题。第一段“引出电子设备，打字比手写更容易”，第二三段讲“手写比打字对大脑发展更好”，第四段讲“手写对大脑发展更好的原因”，第五段讲“数字化（打字）对学习可能是有害的”，最后一段讲“再次申明手

记笔记的好处”，可知文章主要是通过比较记笔记的方式，即手写（记笔记）和打字（记笔记）对大脑的哪个更好得出了结论——手写比（用键盘）打字更有利于大脑发展，于学习有益，打字（数字化）对学习可能是有害的。故选D项。4．推理判断题。由文章中心大意可知，文章通过比较记笔记的方式，即手写（记笔记

）和打字（记笔记）对大脑的哪个更好得出了结论——手写比（用键盘）打字更有利于大脑发展，于学习有益，打字（数字化）对学习可能是有害的，文章可能会出现在报纸的“科学”版面上。故选D项。Passage4【新题模拟】（2021·四川宜宾市·高三一模）ThenumberofBritishstudentsgo

ingtoUSuniversitieshasbeenclimbingsteadilyoverthepastdecade.Thelatestavailablefigures(from2017-2018)show11,460Britishstudentsarechoosingtostudyin

US.Thisrepresentsasmalldrop(0.3%)fromthepreviousyear,showingthatAmericandegreesremainapopularchoice.AmongthemostpopularAm

ericanuniversitiesforBritishstudentsare,Harvard,Yale,Princeton,Stanfordandalsoinstitutionswithconvenientlocation--NewYorkUniversityinNewYor

kCity,ortheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniainLosAngeles,forexample.Twofactorsmotivateyoungpeopletoheadwestforuniversities:academicopportunityandtheincr

easingavailabilityoffinancialaidforforeignstudents.AnthonyNemecek,aneducationexpert,explains,“Whiletherearemanyrea

sonsBritishstudentsconsiderhighereducationstudyintheUS,themainreasonisthewiderangeofchoiceonoffer,bothsub

jectsandinstitutions,aswellasnothavingtodecidetheir*major/course'untiltheendofthesecondyear."Onereaso

nwhytheBritsmaybeunwillingtopursueaUSdegreeisthecost.TheUniversityofOxford,forexample,estimateslivingcostsoff14,85

0in2020,alongwithcoursefeesoff9,250,soatotaloff24,100.TheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT),aworld-leadingspecialistin

science,costs$73,160(£59,447;morethantwiceasmuchasOxford),butmoststudentsatMITwillgetfinancialaid.MITishometoafinancialaidprogramforinternat

ionalstudents,makingitagreatplacetoapplyifmoneyisnotenough.5．HowmanyBritishstudentswenttoUSuniversitiesin2016-2017?A．11,495.B．11,460

.C．11,425.D．14,898.6．WhatmakesNewYorkUniversitysopopularamongBritishstudents?A．Itslowcost.B．Itslocation.C．Itsinfluence.D．

Itstopinstitutions.7．WhatmayhappentoaBritattendingMITinsteadofOxford?A．Hewillsufferfinancialproblems.B．Thefinancialaidis

noteasyC．Thelivingcostswillbetwiceasmuch.D．Heislikelytopaylessthanrequired.8．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．BritishstudentsstudyinginUSuniversit

ies.B．DifferencesbetweenUSandBritishuniversities.C．WhyBritishstudentsaregoingtoUSUniversities.D．Whic

haremoreattractive,USuniversitiesorBritishuniversities.【答案】5．A6．B7．D8．C【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了英国学生要去就读美国大学的原因。5．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Thelatestavailablefig

ures(from2017-2018)show11,460BritishstudentsarechoosingtostudyinUS.Thisrepresentsasmalldrop(0.3%)fromtheprevious

year,showingthatAmericandegreesremainapopularchoice.（最新数据(2017-2018年)显示，11460名英国学生选择去美国学习。这比前一年下降了0.3%，表明美国学位仍然是一

个受欢迎的选择。）”可知，11460名学生是去年的0.997倍。2016-2017年美国大学的英国留学生是11495名，故选A项。6．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“AmongthemostpopularAmericanuniversitiesforBritishstudentsare,Harv

ard,Yale,Princeton,Stanfordandalsoinstitutionswithconvenientlocation--NewYorkUniversityinNewYorkCity,ortheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniainLosAngel

es,forexample.（对于英国学生来说，最受欢迎的美国大学有哈佛大学、耶鲁大学、普林斯顿大学、斯坦福大学，以及地理位置便利的机构——例如，位于纽约市的纽约大学，或位于洛杉矶的南加州大学。）”可知，纽

约大学受欢迎的原因在于地理位置的便利。故选B项。7．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“TheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT),aworld-leadingspecialistinscience,co

sts$73,160(£59,447;morethantwiceasmuchasOxford),butmoststudentsatMITwillgetfinancialaid.（作为世界领先的科学专家，麻省理工学院(MIT)的学费是7

3,160美元(59,447英镑;是牛津大学的两倍多)，但麻省理工学院的大多数学生将获得助学金。）”可知，麻省理工的学生大多数是可以获得助学金补贴的。从而推断英国学生去麻省理工学院是因为费用比较少。故选D项。8．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Twofactorsmotivateyoungpeop

letoheadwestforuniversities:academicopportunityandtheincreasingavailabilityoffinancialaidforforeignstude

nts.（有两个因素促使年轻人前往西部大学:学术机会和外国学生越来越容易获得的经济援助。）”及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了英国学生去美国学习的原因。故选C项。Passage5【新题模拟】（2021·四川成

都市·高三一模）Duringthe"goldenweek"nationalholidaythatbeganonOctober1st,hundredsofthousandsofsightseersflockedtoLijiang,apicturesquehistorictow

ninthesouth-westernprovinceofYunnan.AmongitsattractionsarethesymbolsprintedbeneaththeChinesecharactersonroadsignsandshopfronts（Starb

ucksincluded）.TheyareDongbapictographs,anancientformofscript（文字）thatoriginatedamongtheNaxi,alocalethnicgroup.Italmostdieduntilabou

tadecadeago,whenlocalofficialsbegantorealizeitsvalueandcoveredthetownwithit.Dongbawasneverwidelyusedby

theNaxi,ofwhomthereareabout300,000livingintheHimalayanfoothillsnearLijiang,aswellasinTibetandSichuanprov

ince.Thepictographs,whichevolvedasearlyastheseventhcentury,weredevelopedbyshamans（巫师）oftheDongbafaith,whichhasrootsinT

ibet.Over20,000ofthesereligiousrecordssurvive.TheyproviderichinsightintohowNaxipeoplethoughtaboutwar,geography,astronomya

ndagriculture.Buttheyareextremelyhardtoread.Linguistsarehelpedbythearea'sDongbapriests（神职人员）.Therearea

bout600,mostofthemveryold,includingYangGuoxing,whoranaschoolfrom2010to2015toteachDongbatochildrenlivingi

nthemountains.WhenMrYangwasgrowingup,“everyonewastoobusyfarming”tolearnit.Nowtheyareallbusysoakingupthepopculture，hesays.Signsatbus

stationsinruralYunnanencouragelocalstousewrittenandspokenChinese.ButtheNaxigetofflightlycomparedwithotherethnicminorities.Primaryscho

olsinLijiangteachtheDongbascripttwiceaweek,aswellasNaxinurseryrhymes.LiDejing,headoftheDongbaCultureResearchInstitute,saysthisisn

otjustaboutkeepingalivethepictographs,butlettingchildrengrasp“theveryspiritoftheirownculture”.Andthiswillalsohelptourismtod

evelopinLijiang.9．WhatdoweknowabouttheDongbascript?A．Itiswidelyusedbylocalpeople.B．Itwasatoolusedbycertainpeople.C．Itw

asquitepopularatcertainperiods.D．Ithasahistoryofmorethan3000years.10．AccordingtoYangGuoxing,whatmakesitdifficulttospreadtheDo

ngbascript?A．Onlypriestscanreadit.B．It'sextremelyhardtoread.C．Itsvaluehasn'tbeenfullyrecognized.D．Peoplearetoobusyto

learnanewlanguage.11．WhathasbeendonetokeeptheDongbascriptalive?A．Newschoolsareopenedtoteachit.B．Sometouristsareinvitedtopr

eserveit.C．OnlytheDongbascriptcanbeusedinschools.D．Peoplearemoreexposedtothislanguagethanbefore.12．Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A．TheDongbaScript

IsDyingB．TheHistoryoftheDongbaScriptC．TheDongbaScriptSurvivesinLijiangD．TheInfluenceoftheDongbaScript【答案】9

．B10．C11．D12．C【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述丽江东巴文字在当地人们的帮助下得以存活下来的故事。9．细节理解题。根据第一段“TheyareDongbapictographs,ananci

entformofscript（文字）thatoriginatedamongtheNaxi,alocalethnicgroup.Italmostdieduntilaboutadecadeago,whenlocalofficialsbeganto

realizeitsvalueandcoveredthetownwithit.（它们是东巴象形文字，一种起源于当地民族纳西族的古老文字形式。直到大约十年前，它几乎消失了，当地官员开始意识到它的价值，用它覆盖了整个

城镇。）”可知，东巴文字是纳西族人们用来交流的工具，属于这一部分人特有的交流方式。故选B。10．细节理解题。根据第三段“WhenMrYangwasgrowingup,“everyonewastoobusyfarming”tolearnit.Nowtheya

reallbusysoakingupthepopculture，hesays.（在杨先生的成长过程中，“每个人都忙着务农”，没有时间学习。他说，现在他们都在忙着吸收流行文化。）“可知，杨国兴（音译）认为让巴东文字很难传播开来的主要原因是巴东

文字的价值没有得到人们的充分认可。故选C。11．细节理解题。根据最后一段“PrimaryschoolsinLijiangteachtheDongbascripttwiceaweek,aswellasN

axinurseryrhymes.LiDejing,headoftheDongbaCultureResearchInstitute,saysthisisnotjustaboutkeepingalivethepictographs,butletting

childrengrasp“theveryspiritoftheirownculture”.（丽江的小学每周教两次东巴文字，还教纳西族童谣。东巴文化研究所所长李德景表示，这不仅仅是为了让这些象形文字存活下来，而是让孩

子们掌握“自己文化的精髓”。）”可知，现在丽江当地人能更多地接触到东巴文字，这让东巴文字得以存活下来。故选D。12．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段“Italmostdieduntilaboutadecadeago,when

localofficialsbegantorealizeitsvalueandcoveredthetownwithit.（直到大约十年前，它几乎消失了，当地官员开始意识到它的价值，用它覆盖了整个城镇。）”和最后一段“LiDejing,headoftheDong

baCultureResearchInstitute,saysthisisnotjustaboutkeepingalivethepictographs,butlettingchildrengrasp“theveryspiritoftheirownculture（东巴文化研

究所所长李德景表示，这不仅仅是为了让这些象形文字存活下来，而是让孩子们掌握“自己文化的精髓”）”可知，本文主要讲述丽江东巴文字在当地人们的帮助下得以存活下来的故事。故选C。