【文档说明】高考英语二轮复习题型专题04 阅读理解之文化教育类（解析版）.doc，共(20)页，245.500 KB，由MTyang资料小铺上传

转载请保留链接：https://www.ichengzhen.cn/view-35923.html

以下为本文档部分文字说明：

专题04文化教育类PPPaaarrrttt111题题题型型型总总总览览览【题型综述】文化教育主要指与文化学习相关的话题，指教育和学习中的困难、语言和交际的态度、学习方法和学习策略等方面。这些话题与学生的日常学习密切相关，通过这些话题的学习和考查，可以让学生了解学

习方法和策略，激发学生学习语言、运用语言的热情。这类阅读材料的命题点往往落在细节理解及推断题或主旨大意题上。【技巧点拨】做推断题时，应该注意推断隐含意义的题干中常含infer(推断)，suggest(暗示)，imply(暗示)，indicate(暗示)，conc

lude(推断，得出结论)等词语。应该注意从以下几点做起：1.透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思2.注意对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。3.定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点。做主旨大意题时，应该注意弄清文章

的大意，关键是找到主题句。主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应，有时也在文中，或没有主题句，需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句。议论文和说明文一般有主题句，但记叙文通常没有主题句，需要归纳

。【读相关词】1.majorvi.主修2.scholarshipn.奖学金3.mastervt.精通；掌握4.lecturen.演讲5.accumulatev.积累；积聚6.encouragevt.鼓励序号内容Part1题型总览题型综述技巧点拨读相关词Part2真题感悟

真题详解强重难词析长难句..Part3专题强化真题自测新题模拟7.graspvt.掌握8.rewardvt.奖励9.developvt.发展10.standout脱颖而出11.earn...byheart背诵，记住12.educationalbackgr

ound教育背景13.formahabitof养成……的习惯14.haveagoodknowledgeof通晓15.campus校园16.canteen餐厅17.laboratory/lab实验室18

.dormitory宿舍19.schooldininghall学生食堂20.teachingbuilding教学楼21.lecturetheatre阶梯教室22.theStudents'/studentUnion学生会

23.socialpractice社会实践24.part-timejobs兼职25.vacationjobs假期工作26.prepareforlessons预习功课27.putone'sheartinto专心于28.con

centrateon全神贯注，专心于29.graduationceremony毕业典礼30.after-schoolactivities课外活动31.voluntarylabor义务劳动32.physica

lactivities体育活动33.holdasportsmeeting举行运动会34.learn...byheart/keep...inmind记住……35.keepagoodmoodindailylife在日常生活中保持良好的心态36.haveap

ositivefeeling有积极的情感37.buildupone'sconfidence树立自信心38.agreatchallenge一个巨大的挑战39.catchupwith跟上，赶上40.befacedwithvariouspressures面对各种压力41.beataloss不知所措

42.beintrouble处境困难43.lend/givesb.ahand帮助某人44.makesense有意义45.regardmoneyaseverything认为金钱万能46.therealme

aningoflife生活的真谛47.warmsunshine温暖的阳光48.promotefriendshipwith...增进同……的友谊49.bereadytohelpothers乐于助人50.helpsb

.out帮助某人摆脱困境51.improvetherelationship改善关系52.cooperatevi.合作；协力53.cherishvt.珍惜54.accompanyvt.陪同；陪伴55.dil

emman.(进退两难的)窘境，困境56.developone'sinterest培养某人的兴趣PPPaaarrrttt222真真真题题题感感感悟悟悟Passage1【真题详解】【2020·全国新课标I】Returningtoabookyou’vereadmanytimescanfee

llikedrinkswithanoldfriend.There’sawelcomefamiliarity-butalsosometimesaslightsuspicionthattimehaschangedyouboth,andthustherelationship.Butboo

ksdon’tchange,peopledo.Andthat’swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheidea

thatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentmentalregister.It’strue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswing

s.Butwithreading,it’sallaboutthepresent.It’saboutthenowandwhatonecontributestothenow,becausereadingisagiveandtakebetweenauthorand

reader.Eachhastopulltheirownweight.TherearethreebooksIrereadannuallyThefirst,whichItaketoreadingeveryspringisEmestHemningway’sAMoveableFeast.Pu

blishedin1964,it’shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating(令人陶醉的)，anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.Anotheris

AnnieDillard’sHolytheFirm,herpoetic1975ramble(随笔)abouteverythingandnothing.ThethirdbookisJulioCortazar’sSaveTwilight:S

electedPoems,becausepoetry.AndbecauseCortazar.WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifs,whichmightaddtothe

meaningIattachtothem.ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,rereadinganauthor’sworkisthehighestcurre

ncyareadercanpaythem.Thebestbooksaretheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.Butremember,it’syouthathastogrowandreadandrereadinordertobe

tterunderstandyourfriends.24．Whydoestheauthorlikerereading?A．Itevaluatesthewriter-readerrelationship.B．It’sawindowtoawholen

ewworld.C．It’sasubstitutefordrinkingwithafriend.D．Itextendstheunderstandingofoneself.25．WhatdoweknowaboutthebookAMoveabl

eFeas!?A．It’sabriefaccountofatrip.B．It’saboutHemingway’slifeasayoungman.C．It’sarecordofahistoricevent.D．It’saboutHeming

way’sfriendsinParis.26．Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂currency＂inparagraph4referto?A．DebtB．Reward.C．Allowance.D．Facevalue.27．Whatcanweinferabouttheauth

orfromthetext?A．Helovespoetry.B．He’saneditor.C．He’sveryambitious.D．Heteachesreading.【答案】24．D25．B26．B27．A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了重新阅读

的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。24．推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“Butbooksdon’tchange,peopledo.Andthat’swhatmakes

theactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.(但是书没变，人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处)”和第二段“Thebeautyofrereadingli

esinthatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentregister.Itistrue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.

(重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理状态。真的，我年纪越大，就越觉得时光飞逝。)”可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可以扩展对自己的理解。故选D项。25．推理判断题。根据倒数第二

段“Publishedin1964,it’shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.”及“anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime”可知，这本书出版于1964

年，这是他关于20世纪20年代在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾。由此可判断出AMovableFeast是关于海明威年轻时的生活。故选B项。26．词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“whilemoneyisindeedwonderfuland

necessary,(虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的)”可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，“rereadinganauthor’sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.”意为“但是但重新阅读作品是读者

能支付给他们的最高回报”，由此判断出划线词的意思是“回报”。故选B项。27．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“ThethirdbookisJulioCortázar’sSaveTwilight:selectedpoems,be

causepoetry.(第三本书是胡里奥·科塔扎的《拯救暮光之城:诗歌精选》，因为诗歌)”可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌而喜欢这本书。故选A项。【强重难词】1.familiarityn.熟悉，精通；亲密；随便2.suspicionn.怀疑；嫌疑；疑心；一点儿3.transforma

tiveadj.变化的，变形的；有改革能力的4.registerv.登记；（旅馆）登记住宿；挂号邮寄n.登记表；学校点名册；（老师对学生的）点名登记；登记注册；套准5.currencyn.货币；通货6.annuallyadv.每年；一年一次7.memoirn.回忆录；研究报告

；自传；实录8.intoxicatingadj.醉人的；令人陶醉的；使兴奋的9.ambitiousadj.野心勃勃的；有雄心的；热望的；炫耀的10.poeticadj.诗的，诗歌的；诗意的；诗人的11

.ramblev.（在乡间）漫步，闲逛；漫谈，闲聊；n.（在乡间的）漫步，闲逛；12.lookbackon回顾；回忆13.contributesto贡献；有助于【析长难句】1.Returningtoabookyou’vereadmanytim

escanfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend.【解析】本句中的Returningtoabook是动名词做主语，book后面又跟了一个省略了that的定语从句you’vereadmanytimes。【译

文】重读一本读了很多遍的书，感觉就像和老朋友喝酒一样。【仿句】____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________2.Andthat’swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.【解析】本句中的whatmakestheact

ofrereadingsorichandtransformative是一个表语从句，且what担任表语从句的主语。【译文】这就是为什么重读的行为如此丰富和具有变化性。【仿句】____________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.Thebeautyof

rereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentmentalregister.【解析】本句中的theidea后的thatourbondwiththewo

rk是同位语从句，同位语中的主语是ourbondwiththework，其谓语isbasedon，意思是以…为基础。【译文】重读的美妙之处在于，我们与作品的联系是建立在我们当前的心理区域之上的。【仿句】

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________4.Butremember,it’syouthathastogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.【解

析】本句中的含有一个强调you的强调句型，reread是重新读。【译文】但是记住，为了更好地理解朋友，你自己，需要成长、阅读、再阅读。【仿句】____________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Pass

age2【真题详解】【2020·全国新课标II】Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshel

pchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrentheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplay

withpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrolli

ngfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeveryd

ayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenasses

sedat54monthsofage.“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋转)and

translateshapes,”Levinesaidinastatement.Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofchildreninthestudyplayedwi

thpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboysandgirlswhop

layedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andth

eparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalSci

ence.24．Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?A．Buildingconfidence.B．Developingspatialskills.C．Learningself-control.D．Gaininghigh-techkno

wledge.25．WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment？A．Parents’age.B．Children’simagination.C．Parents’education.D．Child-

parentrelationship.26．Howdoboydifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?A．Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.B．Theytendtotalkle

ssduringthegame.C．Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.D．Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.27．Whatisthetextm

ainlyabout?A．Amathematicalmethod.B．Ascientificstudy.C．AwomanpsychologistD．Ateachingprogram.【答案】24．B25．C26．D27．B【解析】本文是说明

文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。24．细节理解题。根据第二段中…foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4developbetterspatialskill(在2岁到4岁之间玩智力游戏

的儿童在空间能力方面更好)可知，孩子们可以从智力游戏中发展更好的空间技能。B.Developingspatialskills(发展空间能力)符合以上说法，故选B项。25．细节理解题。根据第二段中Puzzlepl

aywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognitionaftercontrollingfordifferenceinparents'income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levin

esaid.(Levine说，在控制了不同父母的收入、教育和父母谈话次数后，拼图游戏被发现是一个重要的认知预测)可知Levine在设计这个试验时考虑了父母的收入、教育程度和父母谈话的次数。C.Parents'education.(父母的教育)符合以上说法，故选C项。26．细节理解题。

根据倒数第二段中However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,可知男孩比女孩更喜欢玩复杂的谜题，即他们可能会玩难度更大的谜题。D.Theyarelikelytoplayw

ithtougherpuzzles.(他们有可能玩更复杂的谜题)符合以上说法，故选D项。27．主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以是关于科学研究的。B.Ascientificstudy(一项科学研

究)符合以上说法，故选B项。【强重难词】1.high-techadj.高科技的，高技术的；仿真技术的2.psychologistn.心理学家，心理学者3.significantadj.重大的；有效的；有意义的；值得注意的；意味深长的4.predictorn.[

气象]预报器；预言者5.cognitionn.认识；知识；认识能力6.assessvt.评定；估价；对…征税7.rotatevi.旋转；循环8.frequentlyadv.频繁地，经常地；时常，屡次9.math-relatedskills数学有关的技能10.i

nteractwith与……相互作用11.patialskills可技能12.【析长难句】1.Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshe

lpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.【解析】此句是一个由but连接的并列复合句。第一个是if引导的条件状语从句；第二个分句中的puzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedsk

ills是宾语从句，做said的宾语。【译文】如果一些父母亲认为高科技玩具对孩子有帮助，他们会购买任何高科技玩具，但研究人员称，智力游戏能帮助孩子提高数学技能。【仿写】_________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.

Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofchildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.【解析】句中含有一个as引导的方式状

语从句，interactwith与…互动，还含有一个andabouthalfofchildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.的并列句。【译文】父母被要求像往常一样与孩子互动，研究中大约一半的孩子同时玩拼图。【仿写】_________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________3.Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesa

thomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat5

4monthsofage.【解析】这是一个复合句。Found后面跟的是省略了that的宾语从句，宾语从句中的whoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofage是定语从句，修饰children；whenassessedat54monthsofage是省略了主语和b

e动词的时间状语从句，完整句子是whentheyareassessedat54monthsofage。【译文】研究人员分析了53对儿童与父母在家中日常活动的录像，发现年龄在26个月至46个月之间玩拼图的孩子在54个月时的空间能力更强

。【仿写】_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________PPPaaarrrttt333专专专题题题强强强化化化Passage1【真题自测】【2018

·全国卷2】Teensandyoungerchildrenarereadingalotlessforfun,accordingtoaCommonSenseMediareportpublishedMonday.Whilethedeclineoverthepastdecadeisstee

pforteenreaders,somedatainthereportshowsthatreadingremainsabigpartofmanychildren���slives,andindicateshowpar

entsmighthelpencouragemorereading.Accordingtothereport���skeyfindings,“theproportion(比例)whosaythey‘hard

lyever’readforfunhasgonefrom8percentof13-year-oldsand9percentof17-year-oldsin1984to22percentand27percentrespectivelytoda

y.”Thereportdatashowsthatpleasurereadinglevelsforyoungerchildren,ages2~8,remainlargelythesame.Buttheam

ountoftimespentinreadingeachsessionhasdeclined,fromclosertoanhourormoretoclosertoahalfhourpersession.Whenitcomestotechnologyandreading,thereportdoes

littletocounsel(建议)parentslookingfordataabouttheeffectofe-readersandtabletsonreading.Itdoespointoutthatmanypar

entsstilllimitelectronicreading,mainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedscreentime.Themosthopefuldatasharedinthereportshowsclearevidenceo

fparentsservingasexamplesandimportantguidesfortheirkidswhenitcomestoreading.Datashowsthatkidsandteenswhodoreadfrequently,comparedtoinfrequent

readers,havemorebooksinthehome,morebookspurchasedforthem,parentswhoreadmoreoften,andparentswhosetasidetimef

orthemtoread.Astheendofschoolapproaches,andschoolvacationreadinglistsloom(逼近)ahead,parentsmighttaketh

ischancetostepinandmaketheirownsummerreadinglistandplanafamilytriptothelibraryorbookstore.1.WhatistheCommonSenseMediareportpro

bablyabout?A.Children’sreadinghabits.B.Qualityofchildren’sbooks.C.Children’safter-classactivities.D.Parent-child

relationships.2.Wherecanyoufindthedatathatbestsupports“childrenarereadingalotlessforfun”?A.InParagraph2.B.InParagraph3.C.InParagrap

h4.D.InParagraph5.3.Whydomanyparentslimitelectronicreading?A.E-booksareofpoorquality.B.Itcouldbeawasteoftime.C.It

mayharmchildren’shealth.D.E-readersareexpensive.4.Howshouldparentsencouragetheirchildrentoreadmore?A.Actasrolemodelsforthem.B.Askthemtowritebo

okreports.C.Setupreadinggroupsforthem.D.Talkwiththeirreadingclassteachers.【答案】1-4ABCA【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍

了通过研究发现,现在孩子们为了乐趣而进行阅读占比降低,并且告诉父母们应该给孩子们树立阅读的榜样,促使孩子们快乐地阅读等。1.A推理判断题。根据第一段的“Teensandyoungerchildrenarereadingalotlessforfun„”和第三段、第四段以及第

五段的内容,可知这个报告主要说明了孩子们的阅读习惯的情况。2.B细节理解题。结合第三段的“Accordingtothereport���skeyfindings‘„22percentand27percentrespectivelytoday.’”可知,本

段中出现的from8percentof13-year-oldsand9percentof17-year-oldsin1984to22percentand27percent这些数据证明了孩子们现在从阅读中获

得的乐趣少了。3.C细节理解题。根据第五段的“Itdoespointoutthatmanyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading,mainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedscreentime.”可知,父母们限制孩子们使用电子设备阅读,主要

是因为日益增加的屏幕时间会影响孩子们的健康。4.A细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Themosthopefuldatasharedinthereportshowsclearevidenceofparentsservingasexamplesandim

portantguidesfortheirkidswhenitcomestoreading.”可知,父母们给孩子们树立榜样会促使孩子们阅读。Passage2【真题自测】【2016·浙江卷】Ascientistworkingatherla

bbenchandasix-month-oldbabyplayingwithhisfoodmightseemtohavelittleincommon.Afterall,thescientistisengagedinseriousr

esearchtouncovertheverynatureofthephysicalworld,andthebabyis,well,justplaying...right?Perhaps,butsomede

velopmentalpsychologists(心理学家)havearguedthatthis"play"ismorelikeascientificinvestigationthanonemightthink.Takeaclo

serlookatthebabyplayingatthetable.Eachtimethebowlofriceispushedoverthetableedge,itfallstotheground—and,inth

eprocess,itbringsoutimportantevidenceabouthowphysicalobjectsinteract(相互作用):bowlsofricedonotfloatinmid-air,butre

quiresupporttoremainstable.Itislikelythatbabiesarenotbornknowingthisbasicfactoftheuniverse;noraretheyeverclearlytaughtit.Instead,b

abiesmayformanunderstandingofobjectsupportthroughrepeatedexperimentsandthenbuildonthisknowledgetolearnevenmoreabouthowobjectsi

nteract.Thoughtheirrangesandtoolsdiffer,thebaby’sinvestigationandthescientist’sexperimentappeartosharethesameai

m(tolearnaboutthenaturalworld),overallapproach(gatheringdirectevidencefromtheworld),andlogic(aremyobservationswhatIexpected?).Some

psychologistssuggestthatyoungchildrenlearnaboutmorethanjustthephysicalworldinthisway—thattheyinvestig

atehumanpsychologyandtherulesoflanguageusingsimilarmeans.Forexample,itmayonlybethroughrepeatedexperiments,evidencegathering,andfinallyov

erturningatheory,thatababywillcometoaccepttheideathatotherpeoplecanhavedifferentviewsanddesiresfromwhatheorshehas,fore

xample,unlikethechild,Mommyactuallydoesn’tlikeDovechocolate.Viewingchildhooddevelopmentasascientificinvestigationthrowslightonhowchildrenl

earn,butitalsooffersaninspiringlookatscienceandscientists.Whydoyoungchildrenandscientistsseemtobesomuch

alike?Psychologistshavesuggestedthatscienceasaneffort—thedesiretoexplore,explain,andunderstandourworld—issimplysomethingthatcomesfromourbabyhoo

d.Perhapsevolution(进化)providedhumanbabieswithcuriosityandanaturaldrivetoexplaintheirworlds,andadultscientistssimplymakeuseofthesamedriveth

atservedthemaschildren.Thesamecognitive(认知的)systemsthatmakeyoungchildrenfeelgoodaboutfiguringsomethingoutmayhavebeenadoptedbyadultscientist

s.Assomepsychologistsputit,"Itisnotthatchildrenarelittlescientistsbutthatscientistsarebigchildren."1.Accordingtos

omedevelopmentalpsychologists,.A.ababy’splayisnothingmorethanagameB.scientificresearchintobabies’gamesis

possibleC.thenatureofbabies’playhasbeenthoroughlyinvestigatedD.ababy’splayissomehowsimilartoascientist’sexperiment2.WelearnfromParagraph2that.A.

scientistsandbabiesseemtoobservetheworlddifferentlyB.scientistsandbabiesofteninteractwitheachotherC.babiesarebornwiththeknowledgeofobjec

tsupportD.babiesseemtocollectevidencejustasscientistsdo3.Childrenmaylearntherulesoflanguageby.A.exploringthephy

sicalworldB.investigatinghumanpsychologyC.repeatingtheirownexperimentsD.observingtheirparents’behavio

rs4.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Theworldmaybemoreclearlyexplainedthroughchildren’splay.B.Studyingbabies’playmayle

adtoabetterunderstandingofscience.C.Childrenmayhavegreaterabilitytofigureoutthingsthanscientists.D.One’sdriveforscientificresearchmaybecomestronger

ashegrows.5.Whatistheauthor’stonewhenhediscussestheconnectionbetweenscientists’researchandbabies’play?A.Convin

cing.B.Confused.C.Confident.D.Cautious.【答案】1-4DDCBD【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了孩子的玩耍和科学家的研究有共同之处。1.D【解析】根据文章第一段的butsomedevelopmentalpsychol

ogists(心理学家)havearguedthatthis“play”ismorelikeascientificinvestigationthanonemightthink可知，心理学家觉得孩子的玩耍

和科学家的研究有些相似，故选D。考点：考查细节理解。2.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的“...overallapproach(gatheringdirectevidencefromthe

world)...”可知，孩子也会像科学家一样收集证据，故选D。3.C【解析】根据文章第三段的“Forexample,itmayonlybethroughrepeatedexperiments,evidencegath

ering,andfinallyoverturningatheory”可知，孩子可以通过重复自己的实验来学习语言的规律，故选C。考点：考查细节理解。4.B【解析】根据最后一段的“Viewingchildhooddevelopmentasascie

ntificinvestigationthrowslightonhowchildrenlearn,butitalsooffersaninspiringlookatscienceandscientists.”可知，研究孩子可以让人们更好地了解科学，故选B。考点：考查细节理解。5.D【

解析】根据作者在文中的用词appearto、用may来弱化绝对性的表达及通过引用其他人的观点somepsychologistsuggestthat可知，作者的语气是谨慎的。故选D。考点：考查推理判断。Passage3【新题模拟】（2021·云南昆明市·高三

一模）Asdigitaldevices（设备）havetakenoversociety,“keyboardactivityisnowoftenrecommendedasasubstituteforearlyhandwriting,"anew

studynotes.Theideaisthattypingmaybeeasierforyoungchildren.“SomeschoolsinNorwayhavebecomecompletelydigit

al,"notesAudreyVanderMeer,thenewstudy'sleader,whomeasuresbrainactivitytobetterunderstandlearningandbehaviors.She

worksattheNorwegianUniversityofScienceandTechnologyinTrondheim.Thehumanbrainhasdevelopedtointeractwiththeworldinasmanywaysaspo

ssible,shenotes.Shebelievesthatyoungchildrenshouldlearntowritebyhandsuccessfully,and,atthesametimelearntomanageakeyboard.Usingapeninvolvesmoreofth

ebrainthanusingakeyboard,hernewfindingsshow.Thisisbecausewritingandprintinginvolvecomplexmovementsthatactivatem

oreareasofthebrain.Theincreasedbrainactivity,"givesthebrainmore'hooks'tohangyourmemorieson,"sheexplains.Thinkaboutit.Thesamemovementisrequi

redtotypeeachletteronakeyboard.Bycomparison,whenwewrite,ourbrainneedstothinkaboutandrecovermemoriesoftheshapeofeachletter.Wealsoneedtouse

oureyestowatchwhatshapeswe'rewriting.Andweneedtocontrolourhandstopressapenorpenciltoshapethedifferentletters.Allofthisusesandconnectsmoreare

asofthebrain.Alongtheway,theseprocessesappearto“openthebrainupforlearning",saysVanderMeer.Solearningthroughonlyoneformat—digital—couldbe

harmful,sheworries.VanderMeeralsopointsoutthattakingnotesbyhandstimulates（激发）"visualnotetaking".Ratherthantypingblindly,thevisualnote-takerhastothi

nkaboutwhatisimportanttowritedown.Then,keywordscanbe"interlinkedbyboxes,andarrows,andsupplementedbysmalldrawings".1．Whatisthemainideaofthet

ext?A．Digitaldevicesarepopularwithstudents.B．Handwritingbeatstypingintakingnotes.C．Theprocessoftakin

gnoteschangesthinking.D．Thenewstudymakescontributionstoscience.2．WhatshouldyoungkidsdoaccordingtoVanderMeer?A．Commun

icatewiththeworld.B．Relyonkeyboardactivity.C．Learntowritebyhand.D．Masterbasicdrawingskills.3．Howdoestheauthor

drawtheconclusion?A．Bystudyinghowthebraindevelops.B．Byobservingsocialphenomena.C．Byassessingfunctionsofsenses.D．By

comparingwaysoftakingnotes.4．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythetextappear?A．Relationship.B．Fashion.C．C

ulture.D．Science.【答案】1．B2．C3．D4．D【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，数字化正在普及，然而一项研究表明，在记笔记时，手写比（用键盘）打字更有利于大脑发展，于学习有益，打字（数字化）对学习可能是有害的。1．主旨大意题。第一段“引出电子设备，打字比手写更容易”，第二

三段讲“手写比打字对大脑发展更好”，第四段讲“手写对大脑发展更好的原因”，第五段讲“数字化（打字）对学习可能是有害的”，最后一段讲“再次申明手记笔记的好处”，可知文章主要讲在记笔记上手写胜过打字，更有益于大脑发展。故选B项。2．细节理解题。由第二

段中的“Shebelievesthatyoungchildrenshouldlearntowritebyhandsuccessfully,and,atthesametimelearntomanageakeyboard.”（她认为，幼儿应该学会成功地用手写字，同时还要学会管

理键盘。），可知AudreyVanderMeer认为幼儿应该学会成功地用手写字。故选C项。3．推理判断题。第一段“引出电子设备，打字比手写更容易”，第二三段讲“手写比打字对大脑发展更好”，第四段讲“手写对大脑发展更好的原因”，第五段讲“数字化（打字）

对学习可能是有害的”，最后一段讲“再次申明手记笔记的好处”，可知文章主要是通过比较记笔记的方式，即手写（记笔记）和打字（记笔记）对大脑的哪个更好得出了结论——手写比（用键盘）打字更有利于大脑发展，于学习有益，打字（数字化

）对学习可能是有害的。故选D项。4．推理判断题。由文章中心大意可知，文章通过比较记笔记的方式，即手写（记笔记）和打字（记笔记）对大脑的哪个更好得出了结论——手写比（用键盘）打字更有利于大脑发展，于学习有益，打

字（数字化）对学习可能是有害的，文章可能会出现在报纸的“科学”版面上。故选D项。Passage4【新题模拟】（2021·四川宜宾市·高三一模）ThenumberofBritishstudentsgoingtoUSun

iversitieshasbeenclimbingsteadilyoverthepastdecade.Thelatestavailablefigures(from2017-2018)show11,460Britishstude

ntsarechoosingtostudyinUS.Thisrepresentsasmalldrop(0.3%)fromthepreviousyear,showingthatAmericandegreesremainapopularchoice.AmongthemostpopularAmeric

anuniversitiesforBritishstudentsare,Harvard,Yale,Princeton,Stanfordandalsoinstitutionswithconvenientlocation--NewYor

kUniversityinNewYorkCity,ortheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniainLosAngeles,forexample.Twofactorsmotivateyoungpeo

pletoheadwestforuniversities:academicopportunityandtheincreasingavailabilityoffinancialaidforforeignstudents.AnthonyNeme

cek,aneducationexpert,explains,“WhiletherearemanyreasonsBritishstudentsconsiderhighereducationstudyintheUS,themainr

easonisthewiderangeofchoiceonoffer,bothsubjectsandinstitutions,aswellasnothavingtodecidetheir*major/course'untiltheendofthesecondyear

."OnereasonwhytheBritsmaybeunwillingtopursueaUSdegreeisthecost.TheUniversityofOxford,forexample,estimateslivingc

ostsoff14,850in2020,alongwithcoursefeesoff9,250,soatotaloff24,100.TheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT),aworld-leadingspecialistinscien

ce,costs$73,160(£59,447;morethantwiceasmuchasOxford),butmoststudentsatMITwillgetfinancialaid.MITishometoafinancialaidprogramforinternationalst

udents,makingitagreatplacetoapplyifmoneyisnotenough.5．HowmanyBritishstudentswenttoUSuniversitiesin2016-2017?A．11,495.B．11,

460.C．11,425.D．14,898.6．WhatmakesNewYorkUniversitysopopularamongBritishstudents?A．Itslowcost.B．Itslocation.C．Itsinfluence

.D．Itstopinstitutions.7．WhatmayhappentoaBritattendingMITinsteadofOxford?A．Hewillsufferfinancialproblems.B．ThefinancialaidisnoteasyC．Thelivi

ngcostswillbetwiceasmuch.D．Heislikelytopaylessthanrequired.8．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．BritishstudentsstudyinginU

Suniversities.B．DifferencesbetweenUSandBritishuniversities.C．WhyBritishstudentsaregoingtoUSUniversities.D

．Whicharemoreattractive,USuniversitiesorBritishuniversities.【答案】5．A6．B7．D8．C【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了英国学生要去就读美国大学的原因。5．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Thelates

tavailablefigures(from2017-2018)show11,460BritishstudentsarechoosingtostudyinUS.Thisrepresentsasmalldrop(0.3%)f

romthepreviousyear,showingthatAmericandegreesremainapopularchoice.（最新数据(2017-2018年)显示，11460名英国学生选择去美国学习。这比前一年下降了0.3%，表明美国学位仍然是一个受欢迎的选择。）”可知，114

60名学生是去年的0.997倍。2016-2017年美国大学的英国留学生是11495名，故选A项。6．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“AmongthemostpopularAmericanuniversitiesforBritishstudentsare,Harvard,Ya

le,Princeton,Stanfordandalsoinstitutionswithconvenientlocation--NewYorkUniversityinNewYorkCity,ortheUniversityofSout

hernCaliforniainLosAngeles,forexample.（对于英国学生来说，最受欢迎的美国大学有哈佛大学、耶鲁大学、普林斯顿大学、斯坦福大学，以及地理位置便利的机构——例如，位于纽约市的纽

约大学，或位于洛杉矶的南加州大学。）”可知，纽约大学受欢迎的原因在于地理位置的便利。故选B项。7．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“TheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT

),aworld-leadingspecialistinscience,costs$73,160(£59,447;morethantwiceasmuchasOxford),butmoststudentsatMITwillgetfinancialaid.（作为世界领先的科学专家，麻省理工学院(

MIT)的学费是73,160美元(59,447英镑;是牛津大学的两倍多)，但麻省理工学院的大多数学生将获得助学金。）”可知，麻省理工的学生大多数是可以获得助学金补贴的。从而推断英国学生去麻省理工学院是因为费用比较少。故选D项。8．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Twofactorsmo

tivateyoungpeopletoheadwestforuniversities:academicopportunityandtheincreasingavailabilityoffinancial

aidforforeignstudents.（有两个因素促使年轻人前往西部大学:学术机会和外国学生越来越容易获得的经济援助。）”及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了英国学生去美国学习的原因。故选C项。Passage5【新题模拟】（2021·四川成都市·高三一模）Duringthe"gol

denweek"nationalholidaythatbeganonOctober1st,hundredsofthousandsofsightseersflockedtoLijiang,apicturesquehistorictowninthesouth-westernprovi

nceofYunnan.AmongitsattractionsarethesymbolsprintedbeneaththeChinesecharactersonroadsignsandshopfronts（Starbucksincluded）.Theyare

Dongbapictographs,anancientformofscript（文字）thatoriginatedamongtheNaxi,alocalethnicgroup.Italmostdieduntilabo

utadecadeago,whenlocalofficialsbegantorealizeitsvalueandcoveredthetownwithit.DongbawasneverwidelyusedbytheNaxi,of

whomthereareabout300,000livingintheHimalayanfoothillsnearLijiang,aswellasinTibetandSichuanprovince.Thepictographs,whichevolvedasearlyastheseventhcent

ury,weredevelopedbyshamans（巫师）oftheDongbafaith,whichhasrootsinTibet.Over20,000ofthesereligiousrecordssurvive.Theyproviderichinsig

htintohowNaxipeoplethoughtaboutwar,geography,astronomyandagriculture.Buttheyareextremelyhardtoread.Linguistsarehelpedbythearea'sDongbapriests（神职人员）.T

hereareabout600,mostofthemveryold,includingYangGuoxing,whoranaschoolfrom2010to2015toteachDongbatochild

renlivinginthemountains.WhenMrYangwasgrowingup,“everyonewastoobusyfarming”tolearnit.Nowtheyareallbusysoakingupthepopculture，hesays.Si

gnsatbusstationsinruralYunnanencouragelocalstousewrittenandspokenChinese.ButtheNaxigetofflightlycomparedwithotherethnicminorities.Prima

ryschoolsinLijiangteachtheDongbascripttwiceaweek,aswellasNaxinurseryrhymes.LiDejing,headoftheDongbaCu

ltureResearchInstitute,saysthisisnotjustaboutkeepingalivethepictographs,butlettingchildrengrasp“theveryspiritoftheirownculture”.Andthiswillalsohe

lptourismtodevelopinLijiang.9．WhatdoweknowabouttheDongbascript?A．Itiswidelyusedbylocalpeople.B．Itwasatoolusedbycertainpeople.C．Itwasquitepopularatce

rtainperiods.D．Ithasahistoryofmorethan3000years.10．AccordingtoYangGuoxing,whatmakesitdifficulttospreadtheDong

bascript?A．Onlypriestscanreadit.B．It'sextremelyhardtoread.C．Itsvaluehasn'tbeenfullyrecognized.D．Peoplearetoobus

ytolearnanewlanguage.11．WhathasbeendonetokeeptheDongbascriptalive?A．Newschoolsareopenedtoteachit.B．Sometouristsareinvitedtopreserveit.C．OnlytheDong

bascriptcanbeusedinschools.D．Peoplearemoreexposedtothislanguagethanbefore.12．Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A．TheDongbaScriptIsDyingB

．TheHistoryoftheDongbaScriptC．TheDongbaScriptSurvivesinLijiangD．TheInfluenceoftheDongbaScript【答案】9．B10．C11．D12．C【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文

章主要讲述丽江东巴文字在当地人们的帮助下得以存活下来的故事。9．细节理解题。根据第一段“TheyareDongbapictographs,anancientformofscript（文字）thatoriginatedamongtheN

axi,alocalethnicgroup.Italmostdieduntilaboutadecadeago,whenlocalofficialsbegantorealizeitsvalueandcoveredthetownwithit.（它们是东巴象形文字，

一种起源于当地民族纳西族的古老文字形式。直到大约十年前，它几乎消失了，当地官员开始意识到它的价值，用它覆盖了整个城镇。）”可知，东巴文字是纳西族人们用来交流的工具，属于这一部分人特有的交流方式。故选B。10．细节理解题。根据第三

段“WhenMrYangwasgrowingup,“everyonewastoobusyfarming”tolearnit.Nowtheyareallbusysoakingupthepopculture，hesays.（在杨先生的成长过程中，“每个人都忙着务农”，没有时间学习。

他说，现在他们都在忙着吸收流行文化。）“可知，杨国兴（音译）认为让巴东文字很难传播开来的主要原因是巴东文字的价值没有得到人们的充分认可。故选C。11．细节理解题。根据最后一段“PrimaryschoolsinLijiangteachtheDongbascrip

ttwiceaweek,aswellasNaxinurseryrhymes.LiDejing,headoftheDongbaCultureResearchInstitute,saysthisisnotjustaboutkeeping

alivethepictographs,butlettingchildrengrasp“theveryspiritoftheirownculture”.（丽江的小学每周教两次东巴文字，还教纳西族童谣。东巴文化研究所所长李德景表示，这不仅仅是为了让这些象形文字存活下来，而

是让孩子们掌握“自己文化的精髓”。）”可知，现在丽江当地人能更多地接触到东巴文字，这让东巴文字得以存活下来。故选D。12．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段“Italmostdieduntilabouta

decadeago,whenlocalofficialsbegantorealizeitsvalueandcoveredthetownwithit.（直到大约十年前，它几乎消失了，当地官员开始意识到它的价值，用它覆盖了整个城镇。）”和最后一段“LiDe

jing,headoftheDongbaCultureResearchInstitute,saysthisisnotjustaboutkeepingalivethepictographs,butlettingchildrengrasp“theve

ryspiritoftheirownculture（东巴文化研究所所长李德景表示，这不仅仅是为了让这些象形文字存活下来，而是让孩子们掌握“自己文化的精髓”）”可知，本文主要讲述丽江东巴文字在当地人们的帮助下得以存活下来的故事。故选C。