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专题03人物传记类PPPaaarrrttt111题题题型型型总总总览览览【题型综述】人物传记类阅读理解在近年高考中频繁出现，主要以介绍科学家、文学家等杰出人物在各自领域所取得的重大成就，尤其注重介绍这些杰出人物如何克服身体残缺、自然环境和社会环境所造成的各种困难。体裁一般是记叙文，写作手

法多采用时间、空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终。【技巧点拨】人物传记类文章多为记叙文，命题以细节为主，推理为辅。应特别注意对人物的外貌、语言、动作和思想的描写，从而把握人物性格特点和作者的情感态度。阅读时，我们可以先浏览题干，看一下哪几道题是有关细节理解的，抓住题干关键词，然后再到文章中查找并阅读与之有

关的句子。【读相关词】1.wisdomn．智慧；明智2.intelligentadj.聪明的；智能的3.giftedadj.有才能的4.outgoingadj.爱交际的；外向的5.outstandinga

dj.杰出的6.virtuen．美德；正直的品行7.optimisticadj.乐观主义的8.achievementn．成就；成绩；功绩9.admirev.钦佩；欣赏10.attractiveadj.有魅力的11.confidentad

j.自信的12.enthusiasticadj.热情的13.creativeadj.富有创造力的14.energeticadj.精力旺盛的序号内容Part1题型总览题型综述技巧点拨读相关词Part2真题感悟真题详解强重难词析长难句..Part3专题强化真题自测新题模拟15.bio

graphyn.传记16.autobiographyn.自传;自传体小说17.fantasyn.想象;幻想;幻想作品18.novelistn.小说家19.eventn.重要的事;重大事件;赛事;演艺会20.incidentn.生活中

印象深刻的小事;不寻常或不愉快的小事;政治事件/事变21.witnessv.当场看到;目击22.witnessn.目击者;见证人23.intellectuala.脑力的;推理的;有智慧的24.talented/gifteda.有才艺的25.personablea.品貌兼优的26.

brillianta.绝妙的;明亮的;才华横溢的27.approachablea.和蔼可亲的;浅显易懂的28.demandinga.要求高的;要求急严的29.absent-mindeda.心不在焉的30.conservativea.保守的;守旧的31.know-alla.博学多知的32.s

enseofhumour幽默感33.bereadyto乐于34.modestandhonest谦虚诚实35.adapt(oneself)to适应于……36.havedifficultyindoingsth.做某事有困难37.beeagertodosth.渴望做某事38.ber

egardedas被认为是39.haveagiftfor在……方面有天赋40.workhardat努力做41.devoteone'slifeto致力于42.graduatefrom从……毕业43.takenanactivep

artin积极参加44.open-mindedandoptimistic乐观开朗45.beadmittedto被……录取；考入46.goabroadforfurtherstudies出国深造47.behonoredfor因……而受到尊敬PPPaaarrrt

tt222真真真题题题感感感悟悟悟Passage1【真题详解】【2020·天津卷】“Theytellmethatyou’dliketomakeastatue(塑像)ofme-isthatcorrect,MissVinnieReam?”Thedeep,gentlevoicehelpedc

almthenervousgirl.AskingafavorofthePresidentoftheUnitedStateswasnocasualmatter,especiallyforaseventeen-year-oldgirl.“Ye

s,sir,”shereplied,herdarkeyesmeetinghis.“Iwouldn’thaveduoaskyou,butmyteacher,Mr.Mills,saysIamready.Iplantoma

keitinanadmirablemanner.“PresidentLincolnsmiled.“Painters,sculptors-they’vealltriedtomakethebestofthisordinaryface,bu

tI’mafraidthere’snotmuchhope.Whatdidyouhaveinmind,MissReam?Abust(半身像)?”BeforeVinniecouldsayyes,thePresidenthur

riedon,ashadeofapologyinhisvoice.“Ofcourse-Ishouldn’thaveasked.Afull-lengthposewouldbemuchtoobigaprojectforayoungwomanyoursize.“Vinnie’sfaceturned

red.Sherealizedshelookedlikeachild,withhertinyfigure.“Smalldoesnotmeanweak,sir,”shedefendedherself.“IwasborninthecountryofWiscons

in.I’vedriventeamsofhorsesandcarriedwater.Makingafull-lengthclay(粘土)figurewouldnotexhaustmystrength-andthatiswhatIint

endtodo!”ThePresident’seyes,brightenedathershowofspirit.“Sorry,madam,IhaveunderestimatedyouasIdidn’tknowyourbackground.”Buthissmilefadedash

erubbedhisbeardwithbonyfingers,inthought.“MissReam,”hesighed,“I’dliketoletyoudoit,butasyouknow,weareinthemiddleofawar.Howcou

ldIpossiblytakethetimetoposeforasculpturenow?Ihardlyhaveaminutetomyself.”Vinnieglancedaroundandnotedthesizeofhisoffice.“Iworkquickly,”

shesaid.Hervoicewassoftbutconfidentasshepointedtothecornernearthewindows.“IfIweretobringmyclayhereandworkforthreehourseveryafternoon

,Icouldcompletemostoftheprojectwhileyouareatyourdesk.”ThePresidentseemedtoconsiderherideaseriously.HegotupandshookVinnie’shandwa

rmly,“I’veheardthatyouareatalentedyoungwoman,andIhavefoundyoucharmingandintelligentaswell.Icannotmakemydecisionimmediately,butyouwillhear

frommesoon.”Theverynextday,VinniereceivedaninvitationfromthePresident.41．WhatgaveVinnieconfidencetomakeherrequestofPresidentLincoln

?A．Heraggressivepersonality.B．Mr.Mills’sencouragingremark.C．PresidentLincoln’sgentlevoice.D．Herinterestin

achallengingjob.42．HowdidPresidentLincolnfirstrespondtoVinnie’srequest?A．Pleased.B．Thrilled.C．Regretful.D．Doubtful.43．Vinnieconfirmedherabili

tytomakeafull-lengthstatuebyhighlighting______.A．herexperiencefromotherprojectsB．herinnocentchildhoodinthecountryC．theheavylaborshehaddonebefore

D．theskillshepickedupinWisconsin44．Vinniewantedtochoosethecornernearthewindowsto______.A．achieveeffectsofnatu

rallightingB．keepallhertoolswithineasyreachC．observethePresidentatarightangleD．avoiddisturbingthepresident’swork45．Wha

tmessagedoesthestoryconvey?A．Astrong-willedsoulcanreachhisgoal.B．Experiencehelpstopromoteexcellence.C．Upsanddownsmakeonestrong.D．Devotionrequirese

nthusiasm.【答案】41．B42．D43．C44．D45．A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了VinnieReam向林肯总统提出给他做一个全身雕像的请求，一开始林肯总统对此表示怀疑，在Vinnie的不断努力争取后，最终第二天Vinnie收到了林肯总统的邀请。41．细节理解题。

根据第三段中的”Iwouldn'thavedaredtoaskyou,butmyteacher,Mr.Mills,saysIamready.Iplantomakeitinanadmirablemanner.“可

知，我本来不敢问你，但我的老师Mills先生说我准备好了。我打算用一种令人钦佩的方式来做这件事。由此可知，Mills先生的话给了Vinnie向林肯总统提出要求的底气。故选B。42．推理判断题。根据第五段中的”Ofcourse-Ishouldn'thavea

sked.Afull-lengthposewouldbemuchtoobigaprojectforayoungwomanyoursize.”可知，当然-我不应该问的。对于你这种身材的年轻女性来说，全身雕像太大了。由此可推知，林肯总统首先对Vinnie的请求表示怀疑。故选D。4

3．细节理解题。根据第六段中的”I'vedriventeamsofhorsesandcarriedwater.Makingafull-lengthclayfigurewouldnotexhaustmystrength-andthisiswhatIintendto

do!”可知，我赶过马队，提过水。做一个全身雕像不会耗尽我的力量-我还正想这样呢！此可知，Vinnie通过强调她以前所做的繁重劳动，证实了她有能力制作一个全身雕像。故选C。44．推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中的”MissReam,”hesighed,

“I'dliketoletyoudoit,butasyouknow,weareinthemiddleofawar.HowcouldIpossiblytakethetimetoposeforasculpturenow?

Ihardlyhaveaminutetomyself.“可知，总统提到自己没有时间摆姿势来让Vinnie做雕像。根据倒数第三段中的”Vinnieglancedaroundandnotedthesizeofhisoff

ice.“Iworkquickly,”shesaid.Hervoicewassoftbutconfidentasshepointedtothecornernearthewindows.“IfIwereto

bringmyclayhereandworkforthreehourseveryafternoon,Icouldcompletemostoftheprojectwhileyouareatyourdesk.“可知，Vinnie环顾四周

，注意到了他办公室的大小。”我干得很快，”她说。她指着靠近窗户的那个角落，声音柔和而自信。”如果我把我的粘土带到这里来，每天下午工作三个小时，我就可以在你办公的时候完成大部分的项目。”由此可推知，上文中总统提到自己没有时间摆姿势来让Vinnie做雕像，于是Vinnie想选择靠近窗户

的角落，是为了避免干扰总统的工作。故选D。45．推理判断题。根据文章主要记叙了VinnieReam向林肯总统提出给他做一个全身雕像的请求，一开始林肯总统对此表示怀疑，在Vinnie的不断努力争取后，最终第二

天Vinnie收到了林肯总统的邀请。由此可推知，这个故事表达了意志坚强的人能达到目标的思想。故选A。【强重难词】1.statuen.塑像2.sculptorsn.雕刻家3.brightenvi.明亮；变亮；活跃；快乐高兴vt.使闪亮；使生辉；使快乐高兴4.inanadmirab

lemanner以令人钦佩的方式5.ashadeofapology一丝歉意6.atalentedyoungwoman一个有天赋的年轻女性7.bonyfingers纤瘦的手指【析长难句】1.Makingafull-lengthclay(粘土)figurewouldno

texhaustmystrength-andthatiswhatIintendtodo!”【解析】本句中的Makingafull-lengthclay是动名词做主语，what引导的是表语从句。【译文】做一个完整的泥人不会耗尽我的力气——而这正是我想做

的!”【仿写】__________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________2.“IfIweretobringmyclayhereandworkfort

hreehourseveryafternoon,Icouldcompletemostoftheprojectwhileyouareatyourdesk.”【解析】本句中的if引导的是条件状语从句，从句使用了虚拟语气；主句中的while引导的是时间状语从句。【译文】“如果我把我的粘

土带来这里，每天下午工作三个小时，我可以在你在书桌旁办公的时候完成大部分项目。”【仿写】____________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.“I’veheardthatyouareatalentedyoungw

oman,andIhavefoundyoucharmingandintelligentaswell.【解析】本句中的heard后面是that引导的是宾语从句，foundyoucharmingandintelligent是“findsb.adj.宾语补足语的结构【译文】我听说你是

个很有才华的年轻女子，我觉得你既迷人又聪明。【仿写】___________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________Passage2【2020·全国新高考II山东卷】JeniferMauerhasneededmorewillpowerthanthetypical

collegestudenttopursuehergoalofearninganursingdegree.ThatwillpowerborefruitwhenJennifergraduatedfromUniversityofWisconsin-EauClaireand

becamethefirstinherlargefamilytoearnabachelor'sdegree.Mauer,ofEdgar,Wisconsin,grewuponafarminafamilyof10

children.Herdadworkedatajobawayfromthefarm,andhermotherranthefarmwiththekids.Afterhighschool,Jenniferattendedalocaltechnic

alcollege,workingtopayhertuition（学费）,becausetherewasnoextramoneysetasideforacollegeeducation.Aftergraduation,sheworke

dtohelphersistersandbrotherspayfortheirschooling.Jennifernowismarriedandhasthreechildrenofherown.Shedecidedtogobacktocollege

toadvancehercareerandtobeabletobettersupportherfamilywhiledoingsomethingsheloves:nursing.ShechosetheUW-EauClaireprogramatMinistrySaintJoseph'

sHospitalinMarshfieldbecauseshewasabletopursueherfour-yeardegreeclosetohome.Shecoulddrivetoclassandbehomeintheeveningtohelpwithherkid

s.Jeniferreceivedgreatsupportfromherfamilyassheworkedtocarherdegree:Herhusbandworkedtwojobstocoverthebills,andher68-year

-oldmotherhelpedtakecareofthechildrenattimes.Throughitall,sheremainedingoodacademicstandingandgraduatedwithho

nors.Jennifersacrificed（牺牲）toachievehergoal,givingupmanynightswithherkidsandmissingimportanteventstostudy.“Somenightsmyheartwasbreakingtoh

avetopickbetweenmykidsandstudyingforexamsorpapers,”shesays.However,herchildrenhavelearnedanimportantlessonwitnessingtheirmotherea

rnherdegree.Jenniferisafirst-generationgraduateandaninspirationtoherfamily-andthat'sprettypowerful.4.WhatdidJenniferdoafterhighsc

hool?（）A.Shehelpedherdadwithhiswork.B.Sheranthefamilyfarmonherown.C.Shesupportedherselfthroughcollege.D.Shetaughthersistersandbrothe

rsathome.5.WhydidJenniferchoosetheprogramatMinistrySaintJoseph'sHospitalinMarshfield?（）A.Totakecareofherkidseas

ily.B.Tolearnfromthebestnurses.C.Tosavemoneyforherparents.D.Tofindawell-paidjobthere.6.WhatdidJennifersacrificetoac

hievehergoal?（）A.Herhealth.B.Hertimewithfamily.C.Herreputation.D.Herchanceofpromotion.7.WhatcanwelearnfromJenifer'sstory?（）A.Timeismon

ey.B.Lovebreaksdownbarriers.C.Hardworkpaysoff.D.Educationisthekeytosuccess.【答案】4.C5.A6.B7.C【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙

文。文章主要讲述了Jennifer在家里不能提供大学教育的情况下，通过自己的努力，以及家人的帮助完成了四年学位。她的努力不仅让自己以优异的成绩毕业，还给家人，尤其是她的三个孩子树立了榜样，让他们得到了激励。4.

C细节理解题。根据第二段的Afterhighschool,Jenniferattendedalocaltechnicalcollege,workingtopayhertuition,becausetherewasn

oextramoneysetasideforacollegeeducation.(高中毕业后，Jennifer上了一所当地的技术学院来支付她的学费，因为家里没有额外的钱用来支付大学教育)可知，高中毕业后Jennifer通过自己挣钱来完成大学教学，因为家里没有额外的钱。C.Shesup

portedherselfthroughcollege.(她自食其力读完了大学)符合以上说法，故选C项。5.A细节理解题。根据第三段的ShechosetheUW-EauClaireprogramatMisnistrySain

tJoseph’sHospitalinMarshfieldbecauseshewasabletopursueherfour-yeardegreeclosetohome.Shecoulddrivetoclassandbeh

omeintheeveningtohelpwithherkids.(她选择了位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-EauClaire项目，因为她可以在离家近的地方攻读四年的学位。她可以开车去上课，晚上可以回家照顾孩子

）可知，Jennifer选择位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-EauClaire项目是因为离家近，这样便于照顾她的三个孩子。A.Totakecareofherkidseasily.(为了方便照顾她的孩子)符合以上说法，故选A项。6.B细节理解题。根据最后一段的Jennifersacrifi

cedtoachievehergoal,givingupmanynightswithherkidsandmissingimportanteventstostudy.(Jennifer为了实现自己的目标牺牲了很多，她放

弃了很多个和孩子待在一起的晚上，错过了很多重要的活动)可知，为了实现自己的目标Jennifer放弃了和家人待在一起的时光。B.Hertimewithfamily.(她与家人的时光)符合以上说法，故选B项。7.C推理判断题。根据最后一段的Throughitall,shere

mindingoodacademicstandingandgraduatedwithhonors.(虽然经历了这些，但她一直保持着良好的学术地位，并以优异的成绩毕业)和However,herchildrenhavelearnedanim

portantlessonwitnessingtheirmotherearnherdegree.Jenniferisafirst-generationgraduateandaninspirationtoherfamily-andthat’stheprettypowerful.(然而，她的孩子

们在见证母亲获得学位的过程中得到了重要的一课。Jennifer是第一代毕业生，这对她的家庭来说是一种激励——这是非常强大的。)可知，Jennifer在艰苦的环境中通过自己的努力不仅以优异的成绩毕业，还给孩子树立了榜样，同时也让家人得到了激励。

由此推测，我们可以从Jennifer的故事中学到：努力总会有回报。C.Hardworkpaysoff.(努力会得到回报)符合以上说法，故选C项。【固重难词】1.willpowern.意志力2.typicaladj.典型的；特有的；象征性的3.pursuevt

.继续；追求4.sacrificen.牺牲；祭品；供奉vt.牺牲；献祭；亏本出售5.inspirationn.灵感；鼓舞；吸气；妙计6.setasidefor专门留出时间做7.advancehercareer推

进她的职业生涯8.coverthebills支付账单9.earnabachelor'sdegree.获得学士学位10.attendalocaltechnicalcollege参加当地的技术学校11.payhertuition付学费12.achievehergoa

l实现目标【析长难句】1.Afterhighschool,Jenniferattendedalocaltechnicalcollege,workingtopayhertuition（学费）,becausetherewasnoextramoneyset

asideforacollegeeducation.【解析】本句含有一个because引导的原因状语从句，主句中的working为现在分词短语做状语。【译文】高中毕业后，詹妮弗进入了当地的一所技术学院

，通过工作来支付学费，因为没有多余的钱供她上大学。【仿写】_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________2.Shedecidedtogobacktocollegetoadvancehercareerandtobeabletobettersupp

ortherfamilywhiledoingsomethingsheloves:nursing.【解析】本句是个复合句，advancehercareer推进她的职业生涯while+doing做状语，sheloves为定语从句，修饰something【

译文】她决定回到大学去发展自己的事业，并在做自己喜欢的事情——护理的同时更好地支持她的家庭。【仿写】______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________3.ThatwillpowerborefruitwhenJennifergraduatedfromUn

iversityofWisconsin-EauClaireandbecamethefirstinherlargefamilytoearnabachelor'sdegree.【解析】本句是主从复合句，其中when引导的是时间状

语从句，graduatedfrom…是从……毕业，toearn…为动词不定式短语做后置定语，修饰thefirstinherlargefamily。【译文】当詹妮弗从威斯康辛大学欧·克莱尔毕业，成为她大家

庭中第一个获得学士学位的人时，她的意志力终于开花结果了。【仿写】________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________4.Jennifersacrificed（牺牲）toachievehergoal,givingupmanynightswith

herkidsandmissingimportanteventstostudy.【解析】本句中的toachieve…..为动词不定式短语做目的状语，givingup….和missingimportantevent…为现在分词做伴随状语，tostudy…为动词不定式做目的状

语【译文】珍妮弗为了实现自己的目标做出很大的牺牲，她放弃了和孩子在一起的夜晚，错过了许多重要的活动。【仿写】______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________【真题详解】PPPaaarrrt

tt333专专专题题题强强强化化化Passage1【真题自测】【2018·全国卷3】WhilefamousforeignarchitectsareinvitedtoleadthedesignsoflandmarkbuildingsinChinasuchasthe

newCCTVtowerandtheNationalCenterforthePerformingArts,manyexcellentChinesearchitectsaremakinggreateffortstotakethecenterstage.Theireffortshave

beenprovenfruitful.WangShu,a49-year-oldChinesearchitect,wonthe2012PritzkerArchitecturePrize—whichisoftenreferredtoastheNobel

Prizeinarchitecture—onFebruary28.HeisthefirstChinesecitizentowinthisaward.WangservesasheadoftheArchitectureDepart

mentattheChinaAcademyofArt(CAA).HisofficeislocatedattheXiangshancampus(校园)oftheuniversityinHangzhou,ZhejiangProvince.Manybuildingson

thecampusarehisoriginalcreations.ThestyleofthecampusisquitedifferentfromthatofmostChineseuniversities.Manyvisitorswereamaze

dbythecomplexarchitecturalspaceandabundantbuildingtypes.Thecurves(曲线)ofthebuildingsperfectlymatchtheriseandfall

ofhills,formingauniqueview.Wangcollectedmorethan7millionabandonedbricksofdifferentages.Heaskedtheworkerstous

etraditionaltechniquestomakethebricksintowalls,roofsandcorridors.Thiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoitsmixtureofmodernandtraditiona

lChineseelements(元素).Wang’sworksshowadeepunderstandingofmodernarchitectureandagoodknowledgeoftraditions.T

hroughsuchabalance,hehadcreatedanewtypeofChinesearchitecture,saidTadaoAndo,thewinnerofthe1995PritzkerPrize.Wangbelievestraditionssh

ouldnotbesealedinglassboxesatmuseums."Thatisonlyevidencethattraditionsonceexisted,"hesaid."ManyChinesepeoplehaveamisunderstand

ingoftraditions.Theythinktraditionmeansoldthingsfromthepast.Infact,traditionalsoreferstothethingsthathavebeendevelopingandth

atarestillbeingcreated,"hesaid."Today,manyChinesepeoplearelearningWesternstylesandtheoriesratherthanfocusingonChinesetraditions.Manypeopletendtotalk

abouttraditionswithoutknowingwhattheyreallyare,"saidWang.Thestudyoftraditionsshouldbecombinedwithpractice.Otherwise

,therecreationoftraditionswouldbeartificialandempty,hesaid.24．Wang’swinningoftheprizemeansthatChinese

architectsare___________.A．followingthelatestworldtrendB．gettinginternationalrecognitionC．workingharderthaneverbeforeD．relyingonforeignarchitec

ts25．WhatimpressedvisitorstotheCAAXiangshancampusmost?A．Itshillyenvironment.B．Itslargesize.C．Itsuniquestyle.D．Itsdive

rsefunctions.26．WhatmadeWang’sarchitecturaldesignasuccess?A．Themixtureofdifferentshapes.B．ThebalanceofEastandWest.C．Theuseofpopul

artechniques.D．Theharmonyofoldandnew.27．WhatshouldwedoaboutChinesetraditionsaccordingtoWang?A．Spread

themtotheworld.B．Preservethematmuseums.C．Teachtheminuniversities.D．Recreatetheminpractice.【答案】24．B25．C26．D27．D【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国建筑

设计师王澍在其作品中融合中国传统建筑文化，获得了建筑界的诺贝尔奖——普利策奖，这让中国建筑现在得到了国际认可。24．推理判断题。根据文章第二段的内容可知，王澍获得2012年普利策奖，而普利策奖相当于建筑界的诺贝尔奖，他是第一个获此奖的中国人，故推知中国建筑现在得到了国际认

可。故B项正确。25．细节理解题。根据文章第四段对CAA校园的描述可知，它的设计风格独特，与大多数中国大学的校园很不同，许多游客感对复杂的建筑空间和丰富的建筑类型感到吃惊，故C正确。26．细节理解题。根据文章第六段1995年普利策奖的获得者TadaoAndo的评语可知，王澍设计的

成功之处是把中国传统元素融入现代设计，并保持两者的和谐，故D正确。27．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段和倒数第三段中Infact,traditionalsoreferstothethingsthathavebeendevelopingan

dthatarestillbeingcreated可知，传统的研究要与实践相结合，在实践中进行再创造，否则就会是人工的和空的，故D正确。【点睛】根据事实细节，推断合理信息。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的

基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据,推论有理，忠实

原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。此题的第一小题和第四小题为推理判断题。第1题根据第二段第二句可知WangShu获得2012年普利策奖，相当于建筑界的诺贝尔奖，再根据第三句他是第一个获此奖的中国人可知，中国建筑现在得到了国际认可，因得到认可才能

获奖。此题的解题关键时根据原文的两个信息句进行的判断，而ACD原文中没有提及。Passage2【真题自测】【2016·全国卷2】AnewcollectionofphotosbringsanunsuccessfulAntarcticvoya

gebacktolife.FrankHurley’spictureswouldbeoutstanding—undoubtedlyfirst-ratephoto-journalism—iftheyhadbeenmadelastweek.Infact,theyweres

hotfrom1914through1916,mostofthemafteradisastrousshipwreck(海滩),byacameramanwhohadnoreasonableexpecta

tionofsurvival.Manyoftheimageswerestoredinanicechest,underfreezingwater,inthedamagedwoodenship.TheshipwastheEndurance,asmall,tight,Norwegian-builtth

ree-masterthatwasintendedtotakeSirErnestShackletonandasmallcrewofseamenandscientists,27meninall,tothesouthernmostsh

oreofAntarctica’sWeddellSea.FromthatpointShackletonwantedtoforceapassagebydogsled(雪橇)acrossthecontinent.Thejourneywasinte

ndedtoachievemorethanwhatCaptainRobertFalconScotthaddone.CaptainScotthadreachedtheSouthPoleearlyin1912buthaddiedwith

hisfourcompanionsonthemarchback.AswriterCarolineAlexandermakesclearinherforcefulandwell-researchedsto

ryTheEndurance,adventuringwaseventhenathoroughlycommercialeffort.Scott’slastjourney,completedashelayinatentdyingofco

ldandhunger,caughttheworld’simagination,andafilmmadeinhishonordrewcrowds.Shackleton,aonetimeBritishmerchant-navyofficerwhohadgotto

within100milesoftheSouthPolein1908,startedabusinessbeforehis1914voyagetomakemoneyfrommovieandstillphotography.FrankHurley,aconfidentandgifted

AustralianphotographerwhoknewtheAntarctic,washiredtomaketheimages,mostofwhichhaveneverbeforebeenpublished.13．WhatdoweknowaboutthephotostakenbyHu

rley?A.Theyweremadelastweek.B.Theyshowedunderseasceneries.C.Theywerefoundbyacameraman.D.Theyrecordedadisastrousadventure.14．WhoreachedtheSouthPolefi

rstaccordingtothetext?A.FrankHurley.B.ErnestShackleton.C.RobertFalconScott.D.CarolineAlexander.15．WhatdoesAlexander

thinkwasthepurposeofthe1914voyage?A.Artisticcreation.B.Scientificresearch.C.Moneymaking.D.Treasurehu

nting.【答案】13．D14．C15．C【解析】试题分析：本文属于记叙文。讲述了Frank的图片记录了一次海难，文章介绍了与这次航海活动相关的具体内容。13．D细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句“theywereshotfrom1914through1916,mosto

fthemafteradisastrousshipwreck....”可知这些照片记录的是1914年左右发生的一次海难事故。故D项正确。14．C细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“CaptainScotthadreached

theSouthPole....”可知第一个到达南极的是CaptainScott。故C项正确。15．C细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二句“...startedabusinessbeforehis1914voyagetomakemoneyfrommovieandstillphoto

graphy”可知Alexander认为他的这次航行就是为了挣钱。故C项正确。【名师点睛】本文三题均考查了细节理解题。在完成细节题时，要特别注意排除干扰项。如第小题13中的A项“Theyweremadelastweek”属于“颠倒黑白”类干扰项，根据第二段第一句

“FrankHurley’spictures...undoubtedlyfirst-ratephoto-journalism—iftheyhadbeenmadelastweek.”可知，如果这些照片是上周所拍，那么就会是一流的。实际上这些照片是1914年左右拍摄的

。说明A项明显错误。干扰项的设置方法除了“颠倒黑白”之外，通常还有以下几种方式：1.张冠李戴。命题者把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是他人的观点；或者题干问的是他人的观点，却把作

者的观点放到选项中去。2.偷梁换柱。干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变。3.无中生有。干扰项往往是生活的基本常识和普遍接受的观点，但在原文中并无相关的信息支持点，这种选项的设置往

往与问题的设问毫不相干。考点：考查记叙文阅读Passage3【新题模拟】（2021·安徽黄山市·高三期末）My7-year-olddaughterLeenyalwayshashernoseinabook.Sheeventooktor

eadinginthecaronthelongdrivetosummercamp,whichwaswhereshelostthebook.Thisisthefirstlostlibrarybookinmyli

fe.Myfamilyhasalwaysbeenovereducated,butwewerepoor.Ididn’townbooks.Iborrowedbooks.However,mydaughtershavemorebooksn

owthanIownedmywholechildhood,andIknowinglycontributetoitbyaddingtothestacks(堆).Soit'sprobablymyfaultthatwhenLeenyreal

izedshehadlostthebook,sheshrugged(耸肩).“Sorry.Ican'tfindit,”shesaid.“It’sonly$20,right?What’sthebigdeal?”Ifelttheneedtomakeherfeelresponsi

bleforthebook.Sheagreedtohelpmecleanthechickencoop(笼子)intradeformypayingthelibraryfine.Ithoughtthisideawasverycleverbecause

cleaningthecoopissomeworkIhadbeenavoidingformonths.Itwassummertimeanddustfloatedintheair.Butmygirl,myanimal-lovingmini-me,thoughtshovelingchickenpoo

p(铲鸡粪)wasthemostfunshe'dhadonaSaturdaymorninginalongtime.Shedidn'tfeelanyoftheemotionsthatpunishmentissu

pposedtointroduce.Infact,shelookedasifshemightloseanotheronpurposeinordertocleanthecoopagain.Istood,somewha

tdumbfounded,watchingher.Ittookmeawhiletorealizewhathadhappened,whymypunishmenthadfailedsocompletelyandwhyIdidn'tcare.

ThefactisthatIhadLeenyhelpmecleanthechickencoop.Iwasthere,too,shovelingchickenpoop,fetchingthecleanstrawandfeed.Lee

ny'slittlesister,Vicki,wasinsidewatchingacartoonwhilemyhusbandpaidbills.OnlyLeenyandIwereoutside.Shehadmealltoherselfforthefirsttimesin

ceVickiwasborn,andshewasenjoyingalltheattentionforonce.Idon'tknowwhatshelearnedaboutresponsibility,butIfoundthatIdidn'tcareabouttheb

ookanymore.Webondedoverthatunpleasantjobandspentqualitytimetogether:mother,daughter,andchickenpoop.1．HowdoesLeenyfindreading?A．Itisverychalle

nging.B．Itisbettertobedoneinalibrary.C．Itisfullofenjoyment.D．Itcostsalargefortune.2．Theunderlinedword“i

t”inParagraph1referstothefactthat.A．theauthor'sdaughtersowntoomanybooksB．theauthor'sdaughteroftenlostlibrarybookC．theauthorcouldneverhavee

noughbookstoreadD．theauthordidn'townmanybooks3．HowdidtheauthorfeelaftershesawLeeny'scleaningwork?A．Ashamed.B．Astonished.C．Embarrassed.D．Upse

t.4．What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．WhatIowetoLeeny:moreattentionB．Mydaughterdrovemecrazy,butIfeltgratefulC．Surprise:mydaughterlovescleaningchi

ckencoopsD．Mypunishmentfailed,butIdidn'tcare【答案】1．C2．A3．B4．D【分析】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述作者以打扫鸡笼作为对女儿丢书的惩罚的故事。通过这次“惩罚”

使作者和女儿共享了一次美妙的亲子时光。1．推理判断题。根据第一段“My7-year-olddaughterLeenyalwayshashernoseinabook.Sheeventooktoreadinginthecaronthelongdrivetosummercamp.”（我7岁的女儿

Leeny总是专心致志地看书。她甚至在去夏令营的途中看书）推测，Leeny很喜欢看书，对Leeny而言读书是一件很快乐、享受的事情。故选C项。2．指代猜测题。根据第一段“However,mydaughtershavemorebooksnowthanIo

wnedmywholechildhood,andIknowinglycontributetoitbyaddingtothestacks.”（然而，我的女儿们现在所拥有的书比我整个童年时期拥有的书都多。我明明知道她们有很多书了，还不断地为她们购置新书，增加她们的图书拥有量。）可知，it此处指代的

是女儿们拥有太多书的事实。故选A项。3．观点态度题。根据第三段“Istood,somewhatdumbfounded,watchingher.”（我站在那，有点惊讶地看着她。）可知，作者原本想以打扫鸡笼作为对女儿丢书的惩罚，没想到女儿干起这件苦差事来却乐在其中，这让作者觉得很惊讶。故选B项。

4．标题判断题。根据最后一段“Idon'tknowwhatshelearnedaboutresponsibility,butIfoundthatIdidn'tcareaboutthebookanymore.”（我不知道关于责任，她学到了什么。但是我发现我不再在意书了。）可知，文章讲述了女儿丢

书后，作者本想以打扫鸡笼作为惩罚，没想到女儿却乐在其中。作者对这件事进行了有益反思，打扫鸡笼让作者和女儿共享了一次美妙的亲子时光。虽然惩罚的计划落空了，但作者已不在意了。故选D项。Passage4【新题模拟】（2021·天津西青区·高三期末）BettyandHar

oldhavebeenmarriedforyears.Butone-thingstillpuzzlesoldHarold.HowisitthathecanleaveBettyandherfriendJoansittingonthesofa,

talking,goouttoaballgame,comebackthreeandahalfhourslater,andthey'restillsittingonthesofa?Talking?Whatintheworld,Harold

wonders,dotheyhavetotalkabout?Bettyshrugs(耸肩).Talk?We'refriends.Researchingthismattercalledfriendship,psychologistLillianRubinspenttwoyearsinterviewi

ngmorethantwohundredwomenandmen.Nomatterwhattheirage,theirjob,theirsex,theresultswerecompletelyclear:womenhavemorefr

iendshipsthanmen,andthedifferenceinthecontentandthequalityofthosefriendshipsis“markedandunmistakable.”Morethan

two-thirdsofthesinglemenRubininterviewedcouldnotnameabestfriend.Thosewhocouldwerelikelytonameawoman.Yetthree-quartersofthesinglew

omenhadnoproblemnamingabestfriend,andalmostalwaysitwasawoman.Moremarriedmenthanwomennamedtheirwife/husbandasabestfriend,mosttrustedperson,o

rtheonetheywouldturntointimeofemotionaldistress(痛苦).“Mostwomen,”saysRubin,“identifiedatleastone,usuallymore,trustedfriendstow

homtheycouldturninatroubledmoment,andtheyspokeopenlyabouttheimportanceoftheserelationshipsintheirlives.”“Ingeneral,”writesRubininhernewbook,“women

'sfriendshipswitheachotherrestonsharedemotionsandsupport,butmen'srelationshipsaremarkedbysharedactivities.”“Fo

rthemostpart”,Rubinsays,“interactionsbetweenmenareemotionallycontrolled-agoodfitwiththesocialrequirementsof“manlybehavior.”“Evenwhenam

anissaidtobeabestfriend,”Rubinwrites,“thetwosharelittleabouttheirinnermostfeelings.Whileawoman'sclosestfemalefriendmightbe-thefirsttotellher

toleaveafailingmarriage,itwasn'tunusualtohearamansayhedidn'tknowhisfriend'smarriagewasinserioustroubleuntil

heappearedonenightaskingifhecouldsleeponthesofa.”5．WhatoldHaroldcannotunderstandorexplainisthefactthat:___A．wo

menhavesomuchtoshareB．hefindshiswifedifficulttotalktoC．womenshowlittleinterestinballgamesD．heistreatedasanoutsiderratherthanahusband6．Rubin'ss

tudyshowsthatforemotionalsupportamarriedwomanismorelikelytoturnto______.A．herparentsB．herhusbandC．amalefriend

D．afemalefriend7．Accordingtothepassage,whichtypeofbehaviorisNOTexpectedofamanbysociety?A．Goingouttoballgamestoooften.B．Complaini

ngabouthismarriagetrouble.C．Spendingtoomuchtimewithhisfriends.D．Endinghismarriagewithoutgoodreason.8．Whichof

thefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbythelastparagraph?A．Menkeeptheirprivatefeelingstothemselves.B．Womende

pendonothersinmakingdecisions.C．womenaremoreseriousthanmenaboutmarriage.D．Menoftentakesuddenactiontoendtheirmarriages.9．Theresearchdonebypsychologis

tRubincentersaround________.A．emotionalproblemsinmarriageB．happyandsuccessfulmarriagesC．friendshipsofmenandwomenD．interactionsbetweenme

nandwomen【答案】5．A6．D7．B8．A9．C【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了女性对于友谊和男性对于友谊不同的态度和做法。5．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Whatintheworld,Haroldwonders,dotheyhavet

otalkabout?（哈罗德想知道，他们到底要谈什么？）”可知，Harold不能理解她们到底有多少要聊的内容。故选A项。6．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Yetthree-quartersofthesinglewomenhadnoproblemnamingabestfriend,andal

mostalwaysitwasawoman.Moremarriedmenthanwomennamedtheirwife/husbandasabestfriend,mosttrustedperson,ortheonetheywould

turntointimeofemotionaldistress(痛苦).“Mostwomen,”saysRubin,“identifiedatleastone,usuallymore,trustedfriendstowhomtheycoul

dturninatroubledmoment,andtheyspokeopenlyabouttheimportanceoftheserelationshipsintheirlives.””（然而，四分之三的单身女性可以毫不

犹豫地说出最好的朋友，而且几乎都是女性。与女性相比，更多的已婚男性将自己的妻子/丈夫视为最好的朋友、最信任的人，或者在情绪低落时可以求助的人。“大多数女性，”鲁宾说，“至少有一个，通常更多，值得信赖的朋友，她们可以在遇到麻烦的时候向他们倾诉，并且公开谈论这些关系在她们生活中的重要性

。”）”可推断，已婚女性为了获得情感上的支持，更倾向于求助于女性朋友。故选D项。7．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Forthemostpart,Rubinsays,interactionsbetweenmenareemotionally

controlled-agoodfitwiththesocialrequirementsof"manlybehavior.（在很大程度上，男人之间的交往在情感上是受控制的，这很符合“男子汉气概”的社会要求

。）”和最后一段“Whileawoman'sclosestfemalefriendmightbe-thefirsttotellhertoleaveafailingmarriage,itwasn'tunusualt

ohearamansayhedidn'tknowhisfriend'smarriagewasinserioustroubleuntilheappearedonenightaskingifhecouldsleeponthesofa.(虽然一个女人最亲密的女性朋友可能是第一

个告诉她离开一段失败的婚姻，但听到一个男人说直到他朋友有一天晚上出现问他，他才知道他朋友的婚姻陷入了严重的麻烦，这也并不罕见。)”可推断，社会不接受一个男人抱怨婚姻问题。故选B项。8．细节理解题。根据文章最后

一段“Evenwhenamanissaidtobeabestfriend,”Rubinwrites,“thetwosharelittleabouttheirinnermostfeelings.”（“即使一个男人被说成是最

好的朋友，”鲁宾写道，“他们也很少分享内心深处的感受。”）”可知，男人总是把自己的感情藏在心里。故选A项。9．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Researchingthismattercalledfriendship,psychologi

stLillianRubinspenttwoyearsinterviewingmorethantwohundredwomenandmen.（为了研究这个叫做友谊的问题，心理学家莉莉安·鲁宾花了两年时间采访了200多名男女。）”可知，鲁宾的实验围绕男性与女

性的友谊为中心的。故选C项。Passage5【新题模拟】（2021·天津西青区·高三期末）Papa,asasonofadirt-poorfarmer,leftschoolearlyandwenttoworkinaf

actory,foreducationwasfortherichthen.So,theworldbecamehisschool.Withgreatinterest,hereadeverythinghecouldlayhishand

son,listenedtothetowneldersandlearnedabouttheworldbeyondhistinyhometown."There'ssomuchtolearn,"he'dsa

y.“Thoughwe'rebornstupid,onlythestupidremainthatway.”Hewasdeterminedthatnoneofhischildrenwouldbedenied(拒绝)aneducation.Thus,Papainsistedth

atwelearnatleastonenewthingeachday.Anddinnertimeseemedperfectforsharingwhatwehadlearned.Wewouldtalkaboutthenewso

ftheday;nomatterhowinsignificant,itwasnevertakenlightly.Papawouldlistencarefullyandwasreadywithsomecomment

,alwaystothepoint.Thencamethemoment-thetimetosharetheday'snewlearning.Papa,attheheadofthetable,wouldpushbackhischairandpou

raglassofredwine,readytolisten.Felice,“he'dsay,”tellmewhatyoulearnedtoday.“learnedthatthepopulationofNepalis...”Silence.Papawasthinkingaboutwhatwas

said,asifthesalvation(拯救)oftheworldwoulddependuponit.“ThepopulationofNepal.Hmm.Well...”he'dsay.“Getthemap;let'sseewhereNepalis.”An

dthewholefamilywentonasearchforNepal.Thissameexperiencewasrepeateduntileachfamilymemberhadaturn.Dinnerendedon

lyafterwehadaclearunderstandingofatleasthalfadozensuchfacts.Aschildren,wethoughtvery.littleabouttheseeduc

ationalwonders.Ourfamily,however,wasgrowingtogether,sharingexperiencesandparticipatinginoneanother’se

ducationAndbylookingatus,listeningtous,respectingourinput,affirming(肯定)ourvalue;givingusasenseofdignity,Papa-wasunquestionably

ourmostinfluentialteacher.Laterduringmytrainingasafutureteacherstudiedwithsomeofthemostfamouseducators.Theywereimparting(传授)whatPapahadknownallal

ong-thevalueofcontinuallearning.Histechniquehasservedmewellallmylife.Notasingledayhasbeenwasted,thoughIcannevertellwhenknowin

gthepopulation,ofNepalmightproveuseful.10．Whatdoweknowfromthefirstparagraph?A．Thosebornstupidcouldnotchangetheirlife

.B．Thepoorcouldhardlyaffordschooleducation.C．Thetownelderswantedtolearnabouttheworld.D．Theauthor'sfatherwasb

orninaworker'sfamily.11．Theunderlinedword"it"inthesecondparagraphrefersto“______”.A．thenewsB．therequestC．thecommentD．thepoint12．

Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethattheauthor_________.A．enjoyedtalkingaboutnewsB．knewverywellaboutNepalC．feltregretaboutthosewasteddays

D．appreciatedhisfather'seducationaltechnique13．Whatisthegreatestvalueof"dinnertime"totheauthor?A．Showingta

lents.B．Continuallearning.C．Familyget-together.D．WinningPapa'sapproval.14．Theauthor'sfathercanbebestdesc

ribedas________.A．awisemanwillingtosharehisknowledgeB．aparentinsistentonhischildren'seducationC．aneducatorexpertattrainingfuturetea

chersD．ateacherstrictabouteverythinghisstudentsdid【答案】10．B11．A12．D13．B14．B【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者的父亲虽然目不识丁，但非常重视对孩子的教育，要求他们每天学习新知识。10．细节理解

题。根据文章第一段第一句“Papa,asasonofadirt-poorfarmer,leftschoolearlyandwenttoworkinafactory,foreducationwasfortherichthen.”（爸爸是一个赤贫农民的儿子，很早就辍学到一

家工厂工作，因为那时教育是富人的事。）可知，教育是夫富人的事情，穷人几乎负担不起学校教育。故选B项。11．词义猜测题。根据文章第二段第三句“Wewouldtalkaboutthenewsoftheday;nomatterhowinsignifican”（我们会谈

论当天的新闻，无论多么微不足道的新闻）可知，这里的it代指上文的news，指的是他们每天谈论的新闻。故选A项。12．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第二、三句“Theywereimparting(传授)whatPapahadknownallalon

g-thevalueofcontinuallearning.Histechniquehasservedmewellallmylife.”（他们正在传授爸爸一直都知道的东西——不断学习的价值。他的技术使我受益终生。）可知，作者父亲传递的坚持学习的思想，这种思想让作者在一生中受益匪浅，可见作者对父亲

的教育理念是心存感激的。故选D项。13．推理判断题。根据文章第二段第二句“Thus,Papainsistedthatwelearnatleastonenewthingeachday.Anddinnertimeseemedperfectforsharingwhatwehadlearned.

”（因此，爸爸坚持我们每天至少要学一件新东西。晚餐时间似乎很适合分享我们所学到的东西。）和最后一段第二句“Theywereimparting(传授)whatPapahadknownallalong-thevalueofcontinuallearning.”（他们正在传授爸爸一直都知道

的东西——不断学习的价值。）可知，对作者来说，“晚餐时间”最大的价值是爸爸坚持每天学习新东西，及不断学习的价值。故选B项。14．推理判断题。根据文章“Thus,Papainsistedthatwelearnatleastonenewthinge

achday.Anddinnertimeseemedperfectforsharingwhatwehadlearned.”（因此，爸爸坚持我们每天至少要学一件新东西。晚餐时间似乎很适合分享我们所学到的东西。）可知，作者的爸爸是一位坚持每天让孩子

学习一件新东西，是一位坚持对孩子教育的家长。故选B项。