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专题03人物传记类PPPaaarrrttt111题题题型型型总总总览览览【题型综述】人物传记类阅读理解在近年高考中频繁出现，主要以介绍科学家、文学家等杰出人物在各自领域所取得的重大成就，尤其注重介绍这些杰出人物如何克服身体残缺

、自然环境和社会环境所造成的各种困难。体裁一般是记叙文，写作手法多采用时间、空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终。【技巧点拨】人物传记类文章多为记叙文，命题以细节为主，推理为辅。应特别注意对人物的外貌、语言、动作和思想的描写，从而把握人物性格特点和作者的情感态度。阅读时，我们可

以先浏览题干，看一下哪几道题是有关细节理解的，抓住题干关键词，然后再到文章中查找并阅读与之有关的句子。【读相关词】1.wisdomn．智慧；明智2.intelligentadj.聪明的；智能的3.giftedadj.有才能的4.outgoingadj.爱

交际的；外向的5.outstandingadj.杰出的6.virtuen．美德；正直的品行7.optimisticadj.乐观主义的8.achievementn．成就；成绩；功绩9.admirev.钦佩；欣赏10.attractiveadj.有魅

力的11.confidentadj.自信的12.enthusiasticadj.热情的13.creativeadj.富有创造力的14.energeticadj.精力旺盛的序号内容Part1题型总览题型综述技巧点拨读相关词Part2真题感悟真题详解强重难词析长难句.

.Part3专题强化真题自测新题模拟15.biographyn.传记16.autobiographyn.自传;自传体小说17.fantasyn.想象;幻想;幻想作品18.novelistn.小说家19.ev

entn.重要的事;重大事件;赛事;演艺会20.incidentn.生活中印象深刻的小事;不寻常或不愉快的小事;政治事件/事变21.witnessv.当场看到;目击22.witnessn.目击者;见证人23.intellectuala.脑力的;推理的;有智慧的24.tale

nted/gifteda.有才艺的25.personablea.品貌兼优的26.brillianta.绝妙的;明亮的;才华横溢的27.approachablea.和蔼可亲的;浅显易懂的28.demand

inga.要求高的;要求急严的29.absent-mindeda.心不在焉的30.conservativea.保守的;守旧的31.know-alla.博学多知的32.senseofhumour幽默感33.b

ereadyto乐于34.modestandhonest谦虚诚实35.adapt(oneself)to适应于……36.havedifficultyindoingsth.做某事有困难37.beeagert

odosth.渴望做某事38.beregardedas被认为是39.haveagiftfor在……方面有天赋40.workhardat努力做41.devoteone'slifeto致力于42.graduatefrom从……毕业43.takenanac

tivepartin积极参加44.open-mindedandoptimistic乐观开朗45.beadmittedto被……录取；考入46.goabroadforfurtherstudies出国深造47.behonoredfor因……而受到尊敬

PPPaaarrrttt222真真真题题题感感感悟悟悟Passage1【真题详解】【2020·天津卷】“Theytellmethatyou’dliketomakeastatue(塑像)ofme-isthatcorrect,MissVinnieReam?”Thedeep,gentle

voicehelpedcalmthenervousgirl.AskingafavorofthePresidentoftheUnitedStateswasnocasualmatter,especiallyforaseventeen-year-oldgirl.“Yes,

sir,”shereplied,herdarkeyesmeetinghis.“Iwouldn’thaveduoaskyou,butmyteacher,Mr.Mills,saysIamready.Iplantomakeitinanadmirablemanner.“PresidentLincol

nsmiled.“Painters,sculptors-they’vealltriedtomakethebestofthisordinaryface,butI’mafraidthere’snotmuchhope.Whatdidyouhaveinmind,MissReam?Abust(半身像)

?”BeforeVinniecouldsayyes,thePresidenthurriedon,ashadeofapologyinhisvoice.“Ofcourse-Ishouldn’thaveasked.Afull-lengthposewouldbemuchtoo

bigaprojectforayoungwomanyoursize.“Vinnie’sfaceturnedred.Sherealizedshelookedlikeachild,withhertinyfigure.“Smalldoesnotmeanweak,sir,”shedefendedh

erself.“IwasborninthecountryofWisconsin.I’vedriventeamsofhorsesandcarriedwater.Makingafull-lengthcla

y(粘土)figurewouldnotexhaustmystrength-andthatiswhatIintendtodo!”ThePresident’seyes,brightenedathershowofspirit.“Sorry,madam,Ihaveunderes

timatedyouasIdidn’tknowyourbackground.”Buthissmilefadedasherubbedhisbeardwithbonyfingers,inthought.“MissReam,”he

sighed,“I’dliketoletyoudoit,butasyouknow,weareinthemiddleofawar.HowcouldIpossiblytakethetimetoposeforasculpturenow?Ihardlyhaveaminuteto

myself.”Vinnieglancedaroundandnotedthesizeofhisoffice.“Iworkquickly,”shesaid.Hervoicewassoftbutconfidentasshepointedtothecornernearthewind

ows.“IfIweretobringmyclayhereandworkforthreehourseveryafternoon,Icouldcompletemostoftheprojectwhileyouareatyourdesk.”ThePresid

entseemedtoconsiderherideaseriously.HegotupandshookVinnie’shandwarmly,“I’veheardthatyouareatalentedyoungwoman,andIhavefo

undyoucharmingandintelligentaswell.Icannotmakemydecisionimmediately,butyouwillhearfrommesoon.”Theveryne

xtday,VinniereceivedaninvitationfromthePresident.41．WhatgaveVinnieconfidencetomakeherrequestofPresidentLincoln

?A．Heraggressivepersonality.B．Mr.Mills’sencouragingremark.C．PresidentLincoln’sgentlevoice.D．Herinterestinachallengingjob.42．HowdidPresident

LincolnfirstrespondtoVinnie’srequest?A．Pleased.B．Thrilled.C．Regretful.D．Doubtful.43．Vinnieconfirmedherabilitytomakeafull-lengthstatuebyhighlightin

g______.A．herexperiencefromotherprojectsB．herinnocentchildhoodinthecountryC．theheavylaborshehaddonebeforeD．theskillshepic

kedupinWisconsin44．Vinniewantedtochoosethecornernearthewindowsto______.A．achieveeffectsofnaturallighti

ngB．keepallhertoolswithineasyreachC．observethePresidentatarightangleD．avoiddisturbingthepresident’swork45．Whatmessagedoes

thestoryconvey?A．Astrong-willedsoulcanreachhisgoal.B．Experiencehelpstopromoteexcellence.C．Upsanddownsmakeonestrong.D．Devotionrequiresenthusiasm.【答案】

41．B42．D43．C44．D45．A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了VinnieReam向林肯总统提出给他做一个全身雕像的请求，一开始林肯总统对此表示怀疑，在Vinnie的不断努力争取后，最终第二天Vinnie收到了林肯总统的邀请。41．细节理解

题。根据第三段中的”Iwouldn'thavedaredtoaskyou,butmyteacher,Mr.Mills,saysIamready.Iplantomakeitinanadmirablemanner

.“可知，我本来不敢问你，但我的老师Mills先生说我准备好了。我打算用一种令人钦佩的方式来做这件事。由此可知，Mills先生的话给了Vinnie向林肯总统提出要求的底气。故选B。42．推理判断题。根

据第五段中的”Ofcourse-Ishouldn'thaveasked.Afull-lengthposewouldbemuchtoobigaprojectforayoungwomanyoursize.”可知，

当然-我不应该问的。对于你这种身材的年轻女性来说，全身雕像太大了。由此可推知，林肯总统首先对Vinnie的请求表示怀疑。故选D。43．细节理解题。根据第六段中的”I'vedriventeamsofhorsesandcarriedwater.Makingafull-lengthclay

figurewouldnotexhaustmystrength-andthisiswhatIintendtodo!”可知，我赶过马队，提过水。做一个全身雕像不会耗尽我的力量-我还正想这样呢！此可知，Vinnie通过强调她以前所

做的繁重劳动，证实了她有能力制作一个全身雕像。故选C。44．推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中的”MissReam,”hesighed,“I'dliketoletyoudoit,butasyouknow,weareinthemiddleofawar.HowcouldIpossibl

ytakethetimetoposeforasculpturenow?Ihardlyhaveaminutetomyself.“可知，总统提到自己没有时间摆姿势来让Vinnie做雕像。根据倒数第三段中的”Vinnieglancedaroundandnot

edthesizeofhisoffice.“Iworkquickly,”shesaid.Hervoicewassoftbutconfidentasshepointedtothecornernearthewindows.“IfIweretobringmyclayher

eandworkforthreehourseveryafternoon,Icouldcompletemostoftheprojectwhileyouareatyourdesk.“可知，Vinnie环顾四周，注意到了他办公室的大小。”我干得很快，

”她说。她指着靠近窗户的那个角落，声音柔和而自信。”如果我把我的粘土带到这里来，每天下午工作三个小时，我就可以在你办公的时候完成大部分的项目。”由此可推知，上文中总统提到自己没有时间摆姿势来让Vinnie做雕像，于是Vinnie想选择靠近窗户的角落，是为了避免干扰总统的工作。故选D。4

5．推理判断题。根据文章主要记叙了VinnieReam向林肯总统提出给他做一个全身雕像的请求，一开始林肯总统对此表示怀疑，在Vinnie的不断努力争取后，最终第二天Vinnie收到了林肯总统的邀请。由此

可推知，这个故事表达了意志坚强的人能达到目标的思想。故选A。【强重难词】1.statuen.塑像2.sculptorsn.雕刻家3.brightenvi.明亮；变亮；活跃；快乐高兴vt.使闪亮；使生辉；使

快乐高兴4.inanadmirablemanner以令人钦佩的方式5.ashadeofapology一丝歉意6.atalentedyoungwoman一个有天赋的年轻女性7.bonyfingers纤瘦的手指【析长难句】1.Makingafull-lengthclay(

粘土)figurewouldnotexhaustmystrength-andthatiswhatIintendtodo!”【解析】本句中的Makingafull-lengthclay是动名词做主语，what引导的是表语从

句。【译文】做一个完整的泥人不会耗尽我的力气——而这正是我想做的!”【仿写】________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________2.“IfIweretobringmyclayhereandworkforthreehoursev

eryafternoon,Icouldcompletemostoftheprojectwhileyouareatyourdesk.”【解析】本句中的if引导的是条件状语从句，从句使用了虚拟语气；主句中

的while引导的是时间状语从句。【译文】“如果我把我的粘土带来这里，每天下午工作三个小时，我可以在你在书桌旁办公的时候完成大部分项目。”【仿写】_______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________3.“I’veheardt

hatyouareatalentedyoungwoman,andIhavefoundyoucharmingandintelligentaswell.【解析】本句中的heard后面是that引导的是宾语从句，foundyoucharmingandintelligent是“find

sb.adj.宾语补足语的结构【译文】我听说你是个很有才华的年轻女子，我觉得你既迷人又聪明。【仿写】________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________Passage2【2020·全国新高考II山东卷】JeniferMauerhasneededmorewillpowerth

anthetypicalcollegestudenttopursuehergoalofearninganursingdegree.ThatwillpowerborefruitwhenJennifergraduatedfromUniversityo

fWisconsin-EauClaireandbecamethefirstinherlargefamilytoearnabachelor'sdegree.Mauer,ofEdgar,Wisconsin,grewuponafarminafamilyof10children.He

rdadworkedatajobawayfromthefarm,andhermotherranthefarmwiththekids.Afterhighschool,Jenniferattendedalocaltechnicalcollege,workingtopayhertui

tion（学费）,becausetherewasnoextramoneysetasideforacollegeeducation.Aftergraduation,sheworkedtohelphersistersandbrotherspayfor

theirschooling.Jennifernowismarriedandhasthreechildrenofherown.Shedecidedtogobacktocollegetoadvancehercareerandtobeabletobettersupport

herfamilywhiledoingsomethingsheloves:nursing.ShechosetheUW-EauClaireprogramatMinistrySaintJoseph'sHospitalinMarshfieldbecause

shewasabletopursueherfour-yeardegreeclosetohome.Shecoulddrivetoclassandbehomeintheeveningtohelpwithherkids.Jenifer

receivedgreatsupportfromherfamilyassheworkedtocarherdegree:Herhusbandworkedtwojobstocoverthebills,andher68-year-o

ldmotherhelpedtakecareofthechildrenattimes.Throughitall,sheremainedingoodacademicstandingandgraduatedwithhonors.Jennifersacrificed（牺牲）toachieve

hergoal,givingupmanynightswithherkidsandmissingimportanteventstostudy.“Somenightsmyheartwasbreakingtohavetopickbetweenmykidsandstudyingforexamsorpap

ers,”shesays.However,herchildrenhavelearnedanimportantlessonwitnessingtheirmotherearnherdegree.Jenniferisafirst-generationgraduateandaninspirationto

herfamily-andthat'sprettypowerful.4.WhatdidJenniferdoafterhighschool?（）A.Shehelpedherdadwithhiswork.B.Sheranthefamilyfarmonherown

.C.Shesupportedherselfthroughcollege.D.Shetaughthersistersandbrothersathome.5.WhydidJenniferchoosetheprog

ramatMinistrySaintJoseph'sHospitalinMarshfield?（）A.Totakecareofherkidseasily.B.Tolearnfromthebestnurse

s.C.Tosavemoneyforherparents.D.Tofindawell-paidjobthere.6.WhatdidJennifersacrificetoachievehergoal?（）A.Herhealth.B.Hertimewithfami

ly.C.Herreputation.D.Herchanceofpromotion.7.WhatcanwelearnfromJenifer'sstory?（）A.Timeismoney.B.Lovebreaksdo

wnbarriers.C.Hardworkpaysoff.D.Educationisthekeytosuccess.【答案】4.C5.A6.B7.C【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jennifer在家里不能提供大学教育的情况下，通过自己

的努力，以及家人的帮助完成了四年学位。她的努力不仅让自己以优异的成绩毕业，还给家人，尤其是她的三个孩子树立了榜样，让他们得到了激励。4.C细节理解题。根据第二段的Afterhighschool,Jenniferattendedalocaltechnicalcollege,workingto

payhertuition,becausetherewasnoextramoneysetasideforacollegeeducation.(高中毕业后，Jennifer上了一所当地的技术学院来支付她的学费，因为家里没有额外的钱用来支付大学

教育)可知，高中毕业后Jennifer通过自己挣钱来完成大学教学，因为家里没有额外的钱。C.Shesupportedherselfthroughcollege.(她自食其力读完了大学)符合以上说法，故选C项

。5.A细节理解题。根据第三段的ShechosetheUW-EauClaireprogramatMisnistrySaintJoseph’sHospitalinMarshfieldbecauseshewasabletopursueherfour-yeardegreeclosetohome.S

hecoulddrivetoclassandbehomeintheeveningtohelpwithherkids.(她选择了位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-EauClaire项目，因为她可以在离家近的地方攻读四年的学位。她可以开车去上课，晚上可以回家照顾孩子）可知，Jennife

r选择位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-EauClaire项目是因为离家近，这样便于照顾她的三个孩子。A.Totakecareofherkidseasily.(为了方便照顾她的孩子)符合以上说法，故选A项。6.B细节理解题。根据最后一段的Jennifer

sacrificedtoachievehergoal,givingupmanynightswithherkidsandmissingimportanteventstostudy.(Jennifer为了实现自己的目标牺牲了很多，她放弃了很多个和孩子待在一起的晚上，错过了很多重要的活动)可知，为了

实现自己的目标Jennifer放弃了和家人待在一起的时光。B.Hertimewithfamily.(她与家人的时光)符合以上说法，故选B项。7.C推理判断题。根据最后一段的Throughitall,sheremindingoodacademicstandingandgraduat

edwithhonors.(虽然经历了这些，但她一直保持着良好的学术地位，并以优异的成绩毕业)和However,herchildrenhavelearnedanimportantlessonwitnessingtheir

motherearnherdegree.Jenniferisafirst-generationgraduateandaninspirationtoherfamily-andthat’stheprettypowerfu

l.(然而，她的孩子们在见证母亲获得学位的过程中得到了重要的一课。Jennifer是第一代毕业生，这对她的家庭来说是一种激励——这是非常强大的。)可知，Jennifer在艰苦的环境中通过自己的努力不仅以优异的成绩毕业，还给孩子树立了榜样，同时也让家人得到了激励。由此推测，我们可以从Jenn

ifer的故事中学到：努力总会有回报。C.Hardworkpaysoff.(努力会得到回报)符合以上说法，故选C项。【固重难词】1.willpowern.意志力2.typicaladj.典型的；特有的；象征性的3.pursuevt.继续；追求4.sacrificen.牺牲；祭品；供奉v

t.牺牲；献祭；亏本出售5.inspirationn.灵感；鼓舞；吸气；妙计6.setasidefor专门留出时间做7.advancehercareer推进她的职业生涯8.coverthebills支付账单9.ear

nabachelor'sdegree.获得学士学位10.attendalocaltechnicalcollege参加当地的技术学校11.payhertuition付学费12.achievehergoa

l实现目标【析长难句】1.Afterhighschool,Jenniferattendedalocaltechnicalcollege,workingtopayhertuition（学费）,becausetherewasnoextramoneysetasideforacoll

egeeducation.【解析】本句含有一个because引导的原因状语从句，主句中的working为现在分词短语做状语。【译文】高中毕业后，詹妮弗进入了当地的一所技术学院，通过工作来支付学费，因为没有多余的钱供她上大学。【仿写】____________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________2.Shedecidedtogobacktocollegetoadvancehercareerandtobeabletobettersupportherfamilywhiledoingsomethi

ngsheloves:nursing.【解析】本句是个复合句，advancehercareer推进她的职业生涯while+doing做状语，sheloves为定语从句，修饰something【译文】她决定回到大学去发展自己的事业，并在做自己喜欢的事情——护理的同时更好地支持她的家

庭。【仿写】__________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________3.ThatwillpowerborefruitwhenJennif

ergraduatedfromUniversityofWisconsin-EauClaireandbecamethefirstinherlargefamilytoearnabachelor'sdegree.【解析】本句是主从复合句，其中when引导的是时间状语从句，graduatedf

rom…是从……毕业，toearn…为动词不定式短语做后置定语，修饰thefirstinherlargefamily。【译文】当詹妮弗从威斯康辛大学欧·克莱尔毕业，成为她大家庭中第一个获得学士学位的人时，她的意志力终于开花结果了。【仿写】_________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________4.Jennifersacrificed（牺牲）toachievehergoal,givingupmanynightswithherkidsandmissingimportanteventstostudy.【解析】本句中的toachieve…

..为动词不定式短语做目的状语，givingup….和missingimportantevent…为现在分词做伴随状语，tostudy…为动词不定式做目的状语【译文】珍妮弗为了实现自己的目标做出很大的牺牲，她放弃了和孩子在一起的夜晚，错过了许多重要的

活动。【仿写】______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________【真题详解】PPPaaarrrttt333专专专题题题强强强化化化Passage1【真题自测】【2018·全国卷3】Whilefamousforeignarchitectsareinvitedtole

adthedesignsoflandmarkbuildingsinChinasuchasthenewCCTVtowerandtheNationalCenterforthePerformingArts,manyexcellentChi

nesearchitectsaremakinggreateffortstotakethecenterstage.Theireffortshavebeenprovenfruitful.WangShu,a

49-year-oldChinesearchitect,wonthe2012PritzkerArchitecturePrize—whichisoftenreferredtoastheNobelPrizeinarchitecture—on

February28.HeisthefirstChinesecitizentowinthisaward.WangservesasheadoftheArchitectureDepartmentattheChinaAcademyofArt(CAA).Hisofficeislocatedatt

heXiangshancampus(校园)oftheuniversityinHangzhou,ZhejiangProvince.Manybuildingsonthecampusarehisoriginalcreations.Thestyleofthecampus

isquitedifferentfromthatofmostChineseuniversities.Manyvisitorswereamazedbythecomplexarchitecturalspaceandabundantbuildingtypes.Thec

urves(曲线)ofthebuildingsperfectlymatchtheriseandfallofhills,formingauniqueview.Wangcollectedmorethan7millionabandonedbricksofdiffer

entages.Heaskedtheworkerstousetraditionaltechniquestomakethebricksintowalls,roofsandcorridors.Thiscreationattractedalot

ofattentionthankstoitsmixtureofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements(元素).Wang’sworksshowadeepunderstandingof

modernarchitectureandagoodknowledgeoftraditions.Throughsuchabalance,hehadcreatedanewtypeofChinesearchitecture,saidTada

oAndo,thewinnerofthe1995PritzkerPrize.Wangbelievestraditionsshouldnotbesealedinglassboxesatmuseums."Thati

sonlyevidencethattraditionsonceexisted,"hesaid."ManyChinesepeoplehaveamisunderstandingoftraditions.Theythinktraditionmeansoldthingsfro

mthepast.Infact,traditionalsoreferstothethingsthathavebeendevelopingandthatarestillbeingcreated,"hesaid."Today,manyChinesepeoplearel

earningWesternstylesandtheoriesratherthanfocusingonChinesetraditions.Manypeopletendtotalkabouttraditionswith

outknowingwhattheyreallyare,"saidWang.Thestudyoftraditionsshouldbecombinedwithpractice.Otherwise,therecreationoftraditionswouldbeartif

icialandempty,hesaid.24．Wang’swinningoftheprizemeansthatChinesearchitectsare___________.A．followingthelates

tworldtrendB．gettinginternationalrecognitionC．workingharderthaneverbeforeD．relyingonforeignarchitects2

5．WhatimpressedvisitorstotheCAAXiangshancampusmost?A．Itshillyenvironment.B．Itslargesize.C．Itsuniquestyle

.D．Itsdiversefunctions.26．WhatmadeWang’sarchitecturaldesignasuccess?A．Themixtureofdifferentshapes.B．ThebalanceofEastandWest.C．Theuseof

populartechniques.D．Theharmonyofoldandnew.27．WhatshouldwedoaboutChinesetraditionsaccordingtoWang?A．Spreadthemtotheworld.B

．Preservethematmuseums.C．Teachtheminuniversities.D．Recreatetheminpractice.【答案】24．B25．C26．D27．D【解析】这是一篇新

闻报道。文章主要报道了中国建筑设计师王澍在其作品中融合中国传统建筑文化，获得了建筑界的诺贝尔奖——普利策奖，这让中国建筑现在得到了国际认可。24．推理判断题。根据文章第二段的内容可知，王澍获得2012年普利策奖，而普利策奖相当于建筑界的诺贝尔奖，他是第

一个获此奖的中国人，故推知中国建筑现在得到了国际认可。故B项正确。25．细节理解题。根据文章第四段对CAA校园的描述可知，它的设计风格独特，与大多数中国大学的校园很不同，许多游客感对复杂的建筑空间和丰富的建筑类型感到吃惊，故C正确。26．细节理

解题。根据文章第六段1995年普利策奖的获得者TadaoAndo的评语可知，王澍设计的成功之处是把中国传统元素融入现代设计，并保持两者的和谐，故D正确。27．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段和倒数第三段中Infact,traditionalsoreferstothethingsthath

avebeendevelopingandthatarestillbeingcreated可知，传统的研究要与实践相结合，在实践中进行再创造，否则就会是人工的和空的，故D正确。【点睛】根据事实细节，推断合理信息。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判

断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据,推论有理，忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替

作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。此题的第一小题和第四小题为推理判断题。第1题根据第二段第二句可知WangShu获得2012年普利策奖，相当于建筑界的诺贝尔奖，再根据第三句他是第一个获此奖的中国人

可知，中国建筑现在得到了国际认可，因得到认可才能获奖。此题的解题关键时根据原文的两个信息句进行的判断，而ACD原文中没有提及。Passage2【真题自测】【2016·全国卷2】Anewcollectionofphotosbringsanun

successfulAntarcticvoyagebacktolife.FrankHurley’spictureswouldbeoutstanding—undoubtedlyfirst-ratephoto-journalism—iftheyhadbeenmadelastweek

.Infact,theywereshotfrom1914through1916,mostofthemafteradisastrousshipwreck(海滩),byacameramanwhohadnoreasonableexpectationofsurv

ival.Manyoftheimageswerestoredinanicechest,underfreezingwater,inthedamagedwoodenship.TheshipwastheEnd

urance,asmall,tight,Norwegian-builtthree-masterthatwasintendedtotakeSirErnestShackletonandasmallcrewofseamenandsc

ientists,27meninall,tothesouthernmostshoreofAntarctica’sWeddellSea.FromthatpointShackletonwantedtoforceapassagebydogsled

(雪橇)acrossthecontinent.ThejourneywasintendedtoachievemorethanwhatCaptainRobertFalconScotthaddone.CaptainScotthadreachedtheSouthPoleearlyin1912

buthaddiedwithhisfourcompanionsonthemarchback.AswriterCarolineAlexandermakesclearinherforcefulandwell-re

searchedstoryTheEndurance,adventuringwaseventhenathoroughlycommercialeffort.Scott’slastjourney,completedashelayinatentdy

ingofcoldandhunger,caughttheworld’simagination,andafilmmadeinhishonordrewcrowds.Shackleton,aonetimeBritishmerchant-navyofficerwhoh

adgottowithin100milesoftheSouthPolein1908,startedabusinessbeforehis1914voyagetomakemoneyfrommovieandstillphotography.FrankHurl

ey,aconfidentandgiftedAustralianphotographerwhoknewtheAntarctic,washiredtomaketheimages,mostofwhichhav

eneverbeforebeenpublished.13．WhatdoweknowaboutthephotostakenbyHurley?A.Theyweremadelastweek.B.Theyshowedunderseasceneries.C.Theywerefoundby

acameraman.D.Theyrecordedadisastrousadventure.14．WhoreachedtheSouthPolefirstaccordingtothetext?A.FrankHurley.B.ErnestShackle

ton.C.RobertFalconScott.D.CarolineAlexander.15．WhatdoesAlexanderthinkwasthepurposeofthe1914voyage?A.Artisticcreation.B.Scientificre

search.C.Moneymaking.D.Treasurehunting.【答案】13．D14．C15．C【解析】试题分析：本文属于记叙文。讲述了Frank的图片记录了一次海难，文章介绍了与这次航海活动相关的具体内容。13．D细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句

“theywereshotfrom1914through1916,mostofthemafteradisastrousshipwreck....”可知这些照片记录的是1914年左右发生的一次海难事故。故D项正确。14．C细节理解题。根据第三

段最后一句“CaptainScotthadreachedtheSouthPole....”可知第一个到达南极的是CaptainScott。故C项正确。15．C细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二句“...startedabusinessbeforehis1914voyagetoma

kemoneyfrommovieandstillphotography”可知Alexander认为他的这次航行就是为了挣钱。故C项正确。【名师点睛】本文三题均考查了细节理解题。在完成细节题时，要特别注意排除干扰项。

如第小题13中的A项“Theyweremadelastweek”属于“颠倒黑白”类干扰项，根据第二段第一句“FrankHurley’spictures...undoubtedlyfirst-ratephoto-journalism—if

theyhadbeenmadelastweek.”可知，如果这些照片是上周所拍，那么就会是一流的。实际上这些照片是1914年左右拍摄的。说明A项明显错误。干扰项的设置方法除了“颠倒黑白”之外，通常还有以下几种方式：1.张冠李戴。命题者把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，题干问的是作者的观点，

选项中出现的却是他人的观点；或者题干问的是他人的观点，却把作者的观点放到选项中去。2.偷梁换柱。干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变。3.无中生有。干扰项往往是

生活的基本常识和普遍接受的观点，但在原文中并无相关的信息支持点，这种选项的设置往往与问题的设问毫不相干。考点：考查记叙文阅读Passage3【新题模拟】（2021·安徽黄山市·高三期末）My7-year

-olddaughterLeenyalwayshashernoseinabook.Sheeventooktoreadinginthecaronthelongdrivetosummercamp,whichwaswhereshelostthebook.Thisisthef

irstlostlibrarybookinmylife.Myfamilyhasalwaysbeenovereducated,butwewerepoor.Ididn’townbooks.Iborrowedbooks.How

ever,mydaughtershavemorebooksnowthanIownedmywholechildhood,andIknowinglycontributetoitbyaddingtothestacks(

堆).Soit'sprobablymyfaultthatwhenLeenyrealizedshehadlostthebook,sheshrugged(耸肩).“Sorry.Ican'tfindit,”shesaid.“It’

sonly$20,right?What’sthebigdeal?”Ifelttheneedtomakeherfeelresponsibleforthebook.Sheagreedtohelpmecleanthechickencoop(笼子)intradeformypayingth

elibraryfine.IthoughtthisideawasverycleverbecausecleaningthecoopissomeworkIhadbeenavoidingformonths.Itwassummertimeanddustf

loatedintheair.Butmygirl,myanimal-lovingmini-me,thoughtshovelingchickenpoop(铲鸡粪)wasthemostfunshe'dhadonaSaturdaymorninginalongtime.Shedidn'tf

eelanyoftheemotionsthatpunishmentissupposedtointroduce.Infact,shelookedasifshemightloseanotheronpurposeinordertocleanthecoopagain.Ist

ood,somewhatdumbfounded,watchingher.Ittookmeawhiletorealizewhathadhappened,whymypunishmenthadfailedsocompletelyandwhyIdidn'tcare.Thefactist

hatIhadLeenyhelpmecleanthechickencoop.Iwasthere,too,shovelingchickenpoop,fetchingthecleanstrawandfeed.Leeny'slittlesister,Vicki,wasinsidewatc

hingacartoonwhilemyhusbandpaidbills.OnlyLeenyandIwereoutside.Shehadmealltoherselfforthefirsttimesince

Vickiwasborn,andshewasenjoyingalltheattentionforonce.Idon'tknowwhatshelearnedaboutresponsibility,butIfoundthatIdidn'

tcareaboutthebookanymore.Webondedoverthatunpleasantjobandspentqualitytimetogether:mother,daughter,andchi

ckenpoop.1．HowdoesLeenyfindreading?A．Itisverychallenging.B．Itisbettertobedoneinalibrary.C．Itisfullofenjoyment.D．Itcostsalarge

fortune.2．Theunderlinedword“it”inParagraph1referstothefactthat.A．theauthor'sdaughtersowntoomanybooksB．theauthor'sdaughteroftenlostlibrary

bookC．theauthorcouldneverhaveenoughbookstoreadD．theauthordidn'townmanybooks3．HowdidtheauthorfeelaftershesawLeeny'scleaningwork?A．Ashamed.B．A

stonished.C．Embarrassed.D．Upset.4．What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．WhatIowetoLeeny:moreattentionB．Mydaughte

rdrovemecrazy,butIfeltgratefulC．Surprise:mydaughterlovescleaningchickencoopsD．Mypunishmentfailed,butIdidn'tcare【答案】1．C2．A3．B4．D【分

析】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述作者以打扫鸡笼作为对女儿丢书的惩罚的故事。通过这次“惩罚”使作者和女儿共享了一次美妙的亲子时光。1．推理判断题。根据第一段“My7-year-olddaughterLeenyalwayshashernoseinabook.Sheeventooktoreadin

ginthecaronthelongdrivetosummercamp.”（我7岁的女儿Leeny总是专心致志地看书。她甚至在去夏令营的途中看书）推测，Leeny很喜欢看书，对Leeny而言读书是一件很快乐、享受的事情。故选C项。2．指代猜测题。根据第一段“How

ever,mydaughtershavemorebooksnowthanIownedmywholechildhood,andIknowinglycontributetoitbyaddingtothestacks.”（然而，我的女儿们现在所拥有的

书比我整个童年时期拥有的书都多。我明明知道她们有很多书了，还不断地为她们购置新书，增加她们的图书拥有量。）可知，it此处指代的是女儿们拥有太多书的事实。故选A项。3．观点态度题。根据第三段“Istood,somewhatdumbfounded,watchingher.

”（我站在那，有点惊讶地看着她。）可知，作者原本想以打扫鸡笼作为对女儿丢书的惩罚，没想到女儿干起这件苦差事来却乐在其中，这让作者觉得很惊讶。故选B项。4．标题判断题。根据最后一段“Idon'tknowwhatshelearnedabout

responsibility,butIfoundthatIdidn'tcareaboutthebookanymore.”（我不知道关于责任，她学到了什么。但是我发现我不再在意书了。）可知，文章讲述了女儿丢书后，作者本想以

打扫鸡笼作为惩罚，没想到女儿却乐在其中。作者对这件事进行了有益反思，打扫鸡笼让作者和女儿共享了一次美妙的亲子时光。虽然惩罚的计划落空了，但作者已不在意了。故选D项。Passage4【新题模拟】（2021·天津西青区·高三期末）BettyandHaroldh

avebeenmarriedforyears.Butone-thingstillpuzzlesoldHarold.HowisitthathecanleaveBettyandherfriendJoansittin

gonthesofa,talking,goouttoaballgame,comebackthreeandahalfhourslater,andthey'restillsittingonthesofa?T

alking?Whatintheworld,Haroldwonders,dotheyhavetotalkabout?Bettyshrugs(耸肩).Talk?We'refriends.Researchingthismattercalledfriendship,

psychologistLillianRubinspenttwoyearsinterviewingmorethantwohundredwomenandmen.Nomatterwhattheirage,theirjob,theirsex,theresults

werecompletelyclear:womenhavemorefriendshipsthanmen,andthedifferenceinthecontentandthequalityofthosefriendshipsis“markedandunmistakable.”

Morethantwo-thirdsofthesinglemenRubininterviewedcouldnotnameabestfriend.Thosewhocouldwerelikelytonameawoman.Yetthree-quartersofthe

singlewomenhadnoproblemnamingabestfriend,andalmostalwaysitwasawoman.Moremarriedmenthanwomennamedtheirwife/hus

bandasabestfriend,mosttrustedperson,ortheonetheywouldturntointimeofemotionaldistress(痛苦).“Mostwomen,”saysRubin,“identifiedat

leastone,usuallymore,trustedfriendstowhomtheycouldturninatroubledmoment,andtheyspokeopenlyabouttheimportance

oftheserelationshipsintheirlives.”“Ingeneral,”writesRubininhernewbook,“women'sfriendshipswitheachotherrestonsharedemoti

onsandsupport,butmen'srelationshipsaremarkedbysharedactivities.”“Forthemostpart”,Rubinsays,“interactionsbet

weenmenareemotionallycontrolled-agoodfitwiththesocialrequirementsof“manlybehavior.”“Evenwhenamanissaidtobeabestfriend,”Rubinwrites,“thetwoshar

elittleabouttheirinnermostfeelings.Whileawoman'sclosestfemalefriendmightbe-thefirsttotellhertoleaveafailingmarri

age,itwasn'tunusualtohearamansayhedidn'tknowhisfriend'smarriagewasinserioustroubleuntilheappearedonenightaskingifhecouldsleeponthesofa.”5．WhatoldHa

roldcannotunderstandorexplainisthefactthat:___A．womenhavesomuchtoshareB．hefindshiswifedifficulttotalktoC．womensh

owlittleinterestinballgamesD．heistreatedasanoutsiderratherthanahusband6．Rubin'sstudyshowsthatforemotionalsupportamarriedwomanismorelike

lytoturnto______.A．herparentsB．herhusbandC．amalefriendD．afemalefriend7．Accordingtothepassage,whichtypeofbe

haviorisNOTexpectedofamanbysociety?A．Goingouttoballgamestoooften.B．Complainingabouthismarriagetrouble.C．Spendingtoomuchtimewi

thhisfriends.D．Endinghismarriagewithoutgoodreason.8．Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbythelastparagraph?A．Menkeepthei

rprivatefeelingstothemselves.B．Womendependonothersinmakingdecisions.C．womenaremoreseriousthanmenaboutmarriage.D．Menoftentakesuddenactiontoendth

eirmarriages.9．TheresearchdonebypsychologistRubincentersaround________.A．emotionalproblemsinmarriageB．happyandsuccessfulmarriagesC．frie

ndshipsofmenandwomenD．interactionsbetweenmenandwomen【答案】5．A6．D7．B8．A9．C【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了女性对于友谊和男性对于友谊不同的态

度和做法。5．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Whatintheworld,Haroldwonders,dotheyhavetotalkabout?（哈罗德想知道，他们到底要谈什么？）”可知，Harold不能理解她们到底有多少要聊的内容。故

选A项。6．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Yetthree-quartersofthesinglewomenhadnoproblemnamingabestfriend,andalmostalwaysitwasaw

oman.Moremarriedmenthanwomennamedtheirwife/husbandasabestfriend,mosttrustedperson,ortheonetheywouldturntointime

ofemotionaldistress(痛苦).“Mostwomen,”saysRubin,“identifiedatleastone,usuallymore,trustedfriendstowhomtheycouldturninatrou

bledmoment,andtheyspokeopenlyabouttheimportanceoftheserelationshipsintheirlives.””（然而，四分之三的单身女性可以毫不犹豫

地说出最好的朋友，而且几乎都是女性。与女性相比，更多的已婚男性将自己的妻子/丈夫视为最好的朋友、最信任的人，或者在情绪低落时可以求助的人。“大多数女性，”鲁宾说，“至少有一个，通常更多，值得信赖的朋友，她们可以在遇到麻烦的时候向他们倾诉，并且公开谈论这些关系在她们生活中的重要性。”）”可推断，已婚

女性为了获得情感上的支持，更倾向于求助于女性朋友。故选D项。7．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Forthemostpart,Rubinsays,interactionsbetweenmenareemotionallycontrolled-

agoodfitwiththesocialrequirementsof"manlybehavior.（在很大程度上，男人之间的交往在情感上是受控制的，这很符合“男子汉气概”的社会要求。）”和最后一段“Whileawoman'scl

osestfemalefriendmightbe-thefirsttotellhertoleaveafailingmarriage,itwasn'tunusualtohearamansayhedidn'tknowhisfr

iend'smarriagewasinserioustroubleuntilheappearedonenightaskingifhecouldsleeponthesofa.(虽然一个女人最亲密的女性朋友可能是第一个告诉她离开

一段失败的婚姻，但听到一个男人说直到他朋友有一天晚上出现问他，他才知道他朋友的婚姻陷入了严重的麻烦，这也并不罕见。)”可推断，社会不接受一个男人抱怨婚姻问题。故选B项。8．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Evenwhenamanissaidtobeabestfriend,”Rubinwrites,

“thetwosharelittleabouttheirinnermostfeelings.”（“即使一个男人被说成是最好的朋友，”鲁宾写道，“他们也很少分享内心深处的感受。”）”可知，男人总是把自己的感情藏在心里。故选A项。9．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Researching

thismattercalledfriendship,psychologistLillianRubinspenttwoyearsinterviewingmorethantwohundredwomenandmen.（为了研究这个叫做友谊的问题，心理学家莉莉

安·鲁宾花了两年时间采访了200多名男女。）”可知，鲁宾的实验围绕男性与女性的友谊为中心的。故选C项。Passage5【新题模拟】（2021·天津西青区·高三期末）Papa,asasonofadirt-poo

rfarmer,leftschoolearlyandwenttoworkinafactory,foreducationwasfortherichthen.So,theworldbecamehisschool.Withgreatinterest,hereadeverythinghecouldlay

hishandson,listenedtothetowneldersandlearnedabouttheworldbeyondhistinyhometown."There'ssomuchtolearn,"he'dsay.“Thoughwe'rebo

rnstupid,onlythestupidremainthatway.”Hewasdeterminedthatnoneofhischildrenwouldbedenied(拒绝)aneducation.Thus,Papainsistedthatwe

learnatleastonenewthingeachday.Anddinnertimeseemedperfectforsharingwhatwehadlearned.Wewouldtalkaboutthenewsoftheday;

nomatterhowinsignificant,itwasnevertakenlightly.Papawouldlistencarefullyandwasreadywithsomecomment,alwaystothepoint.Thencam

ethemoment-thetimetosharetheday'snewlearning.Papa,attheheadofthetable,wouldpushbackhischairandpouraglassofredwine,

readytolisten.Felice,“he'dsay,”tellmewhatyoulearnedtoday.“learnedthatthepopulationofNepalis...”Silence.Papawa

sthinkingaboutwhatwassaid,asifthesalvation(拯救)oftheworldwoulddependuponit.“ThepopulationofNepal.Hmm.Well...”he'dsay.“Getthemap;let'sseewhereNepalis.”

AndthewholefamilywentonasearchforNepal.Thissameexperiencewasrepeateduntileachfamilymemberhadaturn.Dinnerendedonlyafterwehadaclearunderstandingof

atleasthalfadozensuchfacts.Aschildren,wethoughtvery.littleabouttheseeducationalwonders.Ourfamily,however,wasgrowingtogether,sharingexperi

encesandparticipatinginoneanother’seducationAndbylookingatus,listeningtous,respectingourinput,affirming(肯定)

ourvalue;givingusasenseofdignity,Papa-wasunquestionablyourmostinfluentialteacher.Laterduringmytrainingasafutureteacherstudiedwithsomeofthemostfam

ouseducators.Theywereimparting(传授)whatPapahadknownallalong-thevalueofcontinuallearning.Histechniquehasservedmewellallmylife.Notasingledayhasbeenw

asted,thoughIcannevertellwhenknowingthepopulation,ofNepalmightproveuseful.10．Whatdoweknowfromthefirstparagraph?A．Thosebor

nstupidcouldnotchangetheirlife.B．Thepoorcouldhardlyaffordschooleducation.C．Thetownelderswantedtolearnabouttheworld.D．Theauthor'sfatherwasbornin

aworker'sfamily.11．Theunderlinedword"it"inthesecondparagraphrefersto“______”.A．thenewsB．therequestC．thecommentD．thepoint12．Itcanbelearnedfromthep

assagethattheauthor_________.A．enjoyedtalkingaboutnewsB．knewverywellaboutNepalC．feltregretaboutthosewasteddaysD．appreciatedhisfather'seducational

technique13．Whatisthegreatestvalueof"dinnertime"totheauthor?A．Showingtalents.B．Continuallearning.C．Familyget-together

.D．WinningPapa'sapproval.14．Theauthor'sfathercanbebestdescribedas________.A．awisemanwillingtosharehiskn

owledgeB．aparentinsistentonhischildren'seducationC．aneducatorexpertattrainingfutureteachersD．ateacherstrictabouteverythinghisstude

ntsdid【答案】10．B11．A12．D13．B14．B【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者的父亲虽然目不识丁，但非常重视对孩子的教育，要求他们每天学习新知识。10．细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句“Papa,asasonofadirt-poorf

armer,leftschoolearlyandwenttoworkinafactory,foreducationwasfortherichthen.”（爸爸是一个赤贫农民的儿子，很早就辍学到一家工厂工作，因为那时教

育是富人的事。）可知，教育是夫富人的事情，穷人几乎负担不起学校教育。故选B项。11．词义猜测题。根据文章第二段第三句“Wewouldtalkaboutthenewsoftheday;nomatterhowi

nsignifican”（我们会谈论当天的新闻，无论多么微不足道的新闻）可知，这里的it代指上文的news，指的是他们每天谈论的新闻。故选A项。12．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第二、三句“Theywereimparting(传授)whatPa

pahadknownallalong-thevalueofcontinuallearning.Histechniquehasservedmewellallmylife.”（他们正在传授爸爸一直都知道的东西——不断学习的价值。他的技术使我受益终生。）可知，作者父亲传递的坚持学习的思想，这种

思想让作者在一生中受益匪浅，可见作者对父亲的教育理念是心存感激的。故选D项。13．推理判断题。根据文章第二段第二句“Thus,Papainsistedthatwelearnatleastonenewthingeachday.Anddinnertim

eseemedperfectforsharingwhatwehadlearned.”（因此，爸爸坚持我们每天至少要学一件新东西。晚餐时间似乎很适合分享我们所学到的东西。）和最后一段第二句“Theywereimparting(传授)whatPapahadkno

wnallalong-thevalueofcontinuallearning.”（他们正在传授爸爸一直都知道的东西——不断学习的价值。）可知，对作者来说，“晚餐时间”最大的价值是爸爸坚持每天学习新东西，及不断学习的价值。故选B

项。14．推理判断题。根据文章“Thus,Papainsistedthatwelearnatleastonenewthingeachday.Anddinnertimeseemedperfectforsharingwhatwehadlear

ned.”（因此，爸爸坚持我们每天至少要学一件新东西。晚餐时间似乎很适合分享我们所学到的东西。）可知，作者的爸爸是一位坚持每天让孩子学习一件新东西，是一位坚持对孩子教育的家长。故选B项。