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高考复习干货之名词性从句1.名词性从句是什么?分为?很多同学不理解名词性从句,其实很简单。为了便于理解,我们先从名词说起,名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语还有同位语,那么当句子中主语、宾语、表语和同位语由词变为了从句,那这个从句就是名词性从句。我们看例句:Iwilltellyouastor
y.这时宾语是一个名词。Iwilltellyouwhatourschoollookslike.这时宾语是一个从句。2.名词性从句考连接词的选择。那么连接词有哪些?怎么用?很多讲义把名词性从句引导词分为三类,但是事实上只要分成两类就可以很好地做对题目,也便于记忆。由此我们
把它们分成两类记。1)第一类是:连词/连接副词,它们不做句子成分,也就是说,在从句不缺成分的时候使用。that:that不做句子成分,没有意思,只起引导作用。if/whether:是否.where(whereve
r),when(whenever),how(however),whywhether,if区别:主语从句中,句首只能用whether.主语从句后置时,与表示选择意义的or连用,只能用whether.Itdoesnotmatterwhether
„or„it作形式主语,真正主语在后边时,if/whether均可宾语从句时一般可通用,但if不能与not连用:Idon’tknowwhetherheiscomingornot.表语从句、同位语从句只能用whether.Theproblemiswhetherthemeeting
willbeheld.介词后只能用whetherItdependsonwhetheryoucandotheworkwell.总之,在名词性从句里,基本都用whether.2)第二类是:连接代词,在句子缺成分的时候使用。what(whatever),who(whoever)
,which(whichever)what(whatever):句子缺成分的时候使用,而且缺的成分是事物。who(whoever):句子缺成分的时候使用,而且缺的是人。which(whichever):这个很少见,我们一会从练习题里单独说明。这个词一般是强调某个集体中的
哪一个才会使用,在名词性(主、宾、表)从句中的用法见例句:Whichboyshelikesbestisstillunknown/isstillamystery)她最喜欢哪一个男孩还是未知。比较:连接副词、连接代词
CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?从句不缺成分,使用连词/连接副词。Iwilltellyouwhatourschoollookslike.从句缺成分,使用连接代词。***做题步骤:先判断是否是名词性从句,如果是名词性从句,第
一步先判断从句是否缺成分,缺成分用连接代词,不缺成分用连词或连接副词,第二步就翻译句子,根据用法选择合适的连接词。在上述连接词里有的连接词有-ever的形式,我们看一下有无ever的区分。____leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelight.此处用Whoev
er:无论是谁最后俩开教室都应该关灯。____willgiveusatalkisunknowntousall.此处用Who:谁给我们做演讲,我们还不清楚。最简单的区别就在于句子中陈述是否有“无论,不管”的含义。3.主语从句–e.g.Thatshewilldowellinherexam
iscertain.这样整个从句作为主语,整个句子就显得高考复习干货之名词性从句“头重脚轻”,于是我们就常用it作形式主语Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.4.宾语从句:–e.g.
Doyouknowthathehasjoinedthearmy?that可以被省略。it可以作形式宾语,但此时that不能被省略。(这里我们和定语从句省略关系词做好区分:定语从句关系代词that,which,who,whom在定语从句中承担宾语时,可以省略
。)Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgivein.介宾结构,在介词后作宾语。Weareworryingaboutwhatweshoulddonext.5.表语从句(句子作为表语。说明主语是什么或者怎么样)–e.g.Mydecisionistha
tallofusaretosetoutat6o’clocktomorrow.--Theproblemiswhetherhewillcome.--Theproblemiswherewecanstaytonight.(除了上述连接词之外,有时还会有becauseasif/asthough(少
见))(2013安徽)Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.Thisis____about71%ofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.A.whyB.howC.becauseD.whether这道题正确答案是C,很多同学会误选为A.一定
要明白因果逻辑关系。地球看起来是蓝的是结果,而表面被水覆盖是原因。6.同位语从句(that,whether,how,when,why,where)含义:同位语从句是用整个句子去做同位语,有的同学不知道什么是同位语,我们就可以简单来理解,同位语就是对其前边的一个
词语进行具体的解释说明。看例句:Weallhavemanyfriends.这里all等于We,这就是“同位”的含义。当同位语是一个句子时,那这个句子就是同位语从句。看例句:Ihaveanideathatweshouldbuysomegiftsforourparents.显然,idea和thatw
eshouldbuysomegiftsforourparents.是相等的关系,后者就是同位语从句。7.定语从句与名词性从句的区分:定语从句与同位语从句的区分:Itisafactthatyoucan’tdeny.Itisafactthatshehasdoneherbest.如何
区分判断?1)有时候修饰的词不一样:同位语从句前边的一般是抽象的名词(thought,fact,hope,desire,suggestion,idea,news,question,possibility,conclusion,message,doubt,answ
er,reply,belief„),而定语从句是更偏向于实际的(如果这一点无法区别,转入下一条);2)是否相等,或者转化为主系表结构:由于同位语从句是说明被修饰名词具体内容的,所以它可以转化为同位名词的表语,而定语从句与被它限
定的词常紧紧挨在一起,并且可以通过句意判断。注意:what/how/whether不可以引导定语从句,但可以引导同位语从句。that引导词在同位语从句中不做成分,也就是说同位语从句的从句是完整的,但是在此处that不可省略。另外有时做
题我们又会看到,havenoidea,记住后接同位语从句Ihavenoideawhyhedidthat.高考复习干货之名词性从句定语从句与主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句的区分:把从句拿走,看主句缺不缺成分.缺:是主语从
句、宾语从句、表语从句中的一种,不缺就是定语从句或同位语从句。而定语从句和同位语从句区分上一条已经学习了。比较:Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothof______havebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.这句是定语从句,因为主句完整。AsJohns
aid,lifeis______happenstoyouwhileyouarebusymakingotherplans.这句是表语从句。8.wh-ever与nomatterwh-的区别?wh-ever既可以引导名词性从句,又可以引导让步状语从句。nomatterwh-只可以引导让步状语从
句。WhateverIsaid,hewouldn’tlistentome.=NomatterwhatIsaid,hewouldn'tlistentome.Hewouldn’tbelievewhateverIsaid.练习1.Itru
lybelieve____beautycomesfromwithin.A.thatB.whereC.whatD.why2.____weunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.A.whereB.HowC.WhyD.When3.W
emustfindout____Karliscoming,sowecanbookaroomforhim.A.whenB.howC.whereD.why4.Ifyouswiminariverorlake,besur
etoinvestigate____isbelowthewatersurface.Oftentherearerocksorbrancheshiddeninthewater.A.whatB.whoC.thatD.whoever5.____LiBaiwasbornisknowntothepublic
,butsomewon’tacceptit.A.ThatB.WhyC.WhereD.How6.Youhavetoknow____you’regoingifyouaretoplanthebestwayofgettingthere.A.whatB.thatC.whereD.who7.Ashipinh
arborissafe,butthat’snot____shipsarebuiltfor.A.whatB.whomC.whyD.when8.—IsittruethatMikerefusedanofferfromYaleUniversityyesterday?--Yeah,b
utIhavenoidea__hedidit,that’soneofhisfavouriteuniversities.A.whenB.whyC.thatD.how9.__thedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsmuchont
heweather.A.WhyB.WhenC.ThatD.What10.Itremainstobeseen____thenewlyformedcommittee’spolicycanbeputintopractice.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whether11.Thenoti
cecamearoundtwointheafternoon____themeetingwouldbepostponed.A.whenB.thatC.whetherD.how12.Modernsciencehasgivenclearevidence____
smokingcanleadtomanydiseases.高考复习干货之名词性从句A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where13.Itisgoodtoknow____thedogswillbewellcaredforwhileweareaway.A.thatB.whos
eC.whichD.what14.—It’smytreattoday.Isthereanythingparticularyouwouldliketohave?--____youchooseisfinewithme.A.WhateverB.WhichC.Anythingwh
atD.Nomatterwhat15.Peopleallovertheworldhaveadream____theywillalwaysliveapeacefullife.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when16.Ithink______h
ewilljoinuswon’tmaketoomuchdifference.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.what17.Asmanyas20dishesareprovidedinthedininghalltoday,andyouarefreetochoose_____suit
syoubest.A.whateverB.wheneverC.whicheverD.wherever18.Shewassoangryatall______hewasdoing____shewalkedoutwithoutsayingaword.A.that;thatB.
what;asC.which;thatD.which;as19.Itisgenerallybelievedthatcommunicationskillsarebecoming_____ittakestobeagoodteacher.A.whichB.that
C.howD.what20._____isknowntousallisthatWangMenggotthreegoldenmedalsinVancouverWinterOlympics.A.AsB.WhatC.ItD.That答案:1-5:ABAAC6
-10:CABBD11-15:BCAAA16-19:CCADB