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何培松益瑞石集团亚太区EHS经理2008年6月21日工作场所的安全隐患与风险分析Objectives目标dPurposeofdoinghazardandriskanalysis.理解进行危险源和风险分析的目的dHowtoevaluateanoper

ation’sWorkplaceHazardsandRisk.掌握如何评估作业场所的危险源和风险dWhoshouldbeinvolvedinyouranalysis.组建危险和风险分析团队dWhattodowiththeresults.利用分析结果进行持续改

进WhyReally?意义dItprovidesasystematicwaytoanalyzetheriskinoperationsinamethodical,provenway.提供系统可靠的方法分析作业过程中的风险dRiskisprovidedtomanagement

inaprioritizedmanner,thehigherthenumberofrisktheriskierthetaskorjobwillbe.将风险按优先级顺序排列呈送给管理层，风险等级评分越高，任务或作业的

风险就越高WhyReally?意义dTheprocessprovidestomanagementapictureoftherealriskofinjury,notwhatthe“gut”tellsyouitis,or

whatouremployeethinksitis.这一过程给管理层提供明晰的伤害风险，而不是就事论事的经验或我们员工的主观想像dIthelpsyouidentifytheelephants…它可以帮助我们识别风险造成的影响……

WhydoHazard/Riskanalysis?必要性Potentially潜在的Catastrophic灾难性的Doestheactivityhaveapotentialtoharmthoseperformingandthoseneartheactivity?活动是否存在对从事活动的人员本身或

活动附近人员造成伤害的可能？Theelement(s)ofanactivitythathasapotentialtoharmisconsidereditshazard(s).可能造成伤害的活动的要素被视作危险。I.e.例如：Acti

vity-SprayPainting活动－喷漆Hazards–ChemicalExposure(inhalation),ChemicalExposure(skin),ChemicalExposure(eyes),Noise,

Fire/Explosion危险－化学品吸入、皮肤接触化学品、眼睛接触化学品、噪声、火灾/爆炸Definitions定义Definitions定义Hazardshave危险具有:RISK–possibil

ityoflossorinjury.风险－造成损失或伤害的可能性Riskhave风险要素:Severityandprobability严重性和可能性（概率）Definitions定义Severity严重性:I

finjuryorlossoccurshowbadwillitbe?如果发生损失或者伤害的情况，情况有多糟糕？Probability可能性（概率）:Thepotentialfrequencyoflossorinjuryoccurring,increaseswithexposure

tohazard损失或伤害发生的潜在频率HazardExamples危险举例:ChemicalExposure(Inhalation,Skin,Hands,Eyes)HarmfulDustNoiseE

xposureFlyingDebris/ObjectsProtrudingObjectsExtremeTemperaturesPointofOperation(I.ecrush,nip)Fall,Trip,SlipStrain/OverexertionElectricalShockFire/Exp

losionLightRadiationFallingObjectsSharpObjectsBiologicalDefinitions定义化学品接触（吸入、皮肤、手、眼睛）有害粉尘噪声曝露飞溅的碎片或物体突出的物体高低温高空坠落绊倒/滑

倒紧张，劳累电击火灾/爆炸放射线坠物砸伤接触尖锐物体生物危险HazardExamples危险举例:ElectricalShock电击ChemicalExposureEyes眼睛接触化学品FlyingDe

bris/Objects飞溅的碎片或物体Engulfment开挖塌方FallFrom高空坠落FallFrom高空坠落Trip/Slip绊倒/滑倒Fire/Explosion火灾/爆炸StruckbyFallingObjects坠物

砸伤ContactWithMovingObjects运动物体接触OtherHazards其它危险OtherHazards其它危险IdentifydiscreteActivities,Products,andServices(A

PS)识别不同的活动、产品与服务（APS）IdentifyHazardsforeachAPS辨识每个APS的危险DetermineSafetyHazardsandRisksforeachAPS判断每个APS的危险和风险DetermineHazardSignificance判断危险的重

要性DevelopObjectivesandTargetsforSignificantRisks对重要风险提出目标指标Keepdataup-to-dateandperiodicallyreview.数据及时进行更新并定期审核StartingPoint起点Segrega

teplantoperationsintodiscreteoperational/functionalareas将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作/功能区域Establish/RefineControls,asnecessary如果需要，建立/健全控制措施Hazard/RiskAnalysisF

low危险/风险分析流程IdentifyingActivitiesandWhoShouldbeInvolved识别相关活动和参与的人员Beforeyoucandetermineyoursite’shazardsyoumustknowwhatactivitiesarebeingcondu

ctedatyoursite.在你判断场地危险之前，你必须知道在你场地正从事何种活动。•Startwithasitelayout.从场地平面图开始•Dividethesiteintooperational/functionalareas.将场地划分为不同的操作/功能区域。Ex

cavating开挖活动Excavating开挖活动Maintenance维修Processing加工处理Office办公室Parking停车场Shipping/ReceivingDock运输与接收平台ACMESiteLayoutACME场地

平面布置IdentifydiscreteActivities,Products,andServices(APS)识别不同的活动、产品与服务（APS）IdentifyHazardsforeachAPS辨识每个APS的危险D

etermineSafetyHazardsandRisksforeachAPS判断每个APS的危险和风险DetermineHazardSignificance判断危险的重要性DevelopObjectivesandTargetsforSignificantRisks对重要风险提出目标指标

Keepdataup-to-dateandperiodicallyreview.数据及时进行更新并定期审核StartingPoint起点Segregateplantoperationsintodiscreteoperation

al/functionalareas将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作/功能区域Establish/RefineControls,asnecessary如果需要，建立/健全控制措施Hazard/RiskAnalysisFlow危险/风险分析流程IdentifyingActivitiesandWhoS

houldbeInvolved识别相关活动和参与的人员•Recruitindividualsknowledgeableofareas.招纳熟谙区域的人员•Manager/Supervisors经理/主管•EH&SEHS人员•Employees职员•Br

ainstormtodetermineareaactivities.运用“头脑风暴”来辨别区域活动•Considerlegacyissuesaswellascurrentoperationalissues(I.e.previousinjuries)考虑遗留问题，业

考虑当前操作中的问题（如以前的工伤事故）IdentifydiscreteActivities,Products,andServices(APS)识别不同的活动、产品与服务（APS）IdentifyHazardsforeachAPS辨识每个APS的

危险DetermineSafetyHazardsandRisksforeachAPS判断每个APS的危险和风险DetermineHazardSignificance判断危险的重要性DevelopObjectivesandTargetsforSignificantRisks对重要风险提

出目标指标Keepdataup-to-dateandperiodicallyreview.数据及时进行更新并定期审核StartingPoint起点Segregateplantoperationsintodiscreteoperat

ional/functionalareas将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作/功能区域Establish/RefineControls,asnecessary如果需要，建立/健全控制措施Hazard/RiskAnalysisFlow危险/风险分析流程ACMEPlantAct

ivityACME工厂活动HazardIdentificationSheet危险辨识表NoiseExposure噪声曝露HeavyEquipment重型设备Trip/Slip绊倒/滑倒Excessmaterialonth

eground地面上堆放过多的物品StruckbyFallingObjects坠物砸伤Productbeingdumpedandpedestrianinarea货物被堆放在行人区域IdentifydiscreteA

ctivities,Products,andServices(APS)识别不同的活动、产品与服务（APS）IdentifyHazardsforeachAPS辨识每个APS的危险DetermineSafetyH

azardsandRisksforeachAPS判断每个APS的危险和风险DetermineHazardSignificance判断危险的重要性DevelopObjectivesandTargetsforSignificantRi

sks对重要风险提出目标指标Keepdataup-to-dateandperiodicallyreview.数据及时进行更新并定期审核StartingPoint起点Segregateplantoperationsintodiscr

eteoperational/functionalareas将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作/功能区域Establish/RefineControls,asnecessary如果需要，建立/健全控制措施Hazard/RiskAnalysisFlow危险/风险分析流程P

rioritizingHazards/Risk对危险/风险进行排序AprocessshouldbeusedtodeterminehowsignificanttheRISKahazardcanhaveo

nworkers.用于判断某一危险对工作人员造成风险程度的过程DetermineRiskofHazards判断危险的风险RatingTooltoFacilitatetheProcess帮助判断的等级评定工具HazardRiskTool危险

风险分析工具RankingProcedure/评级程序dRevieweachHazardandscoreeachhazardindividuallychosenbyteam.审阅每一个危险因素，由组建的团队成员逐个评分。dTransfertheaveragescor

eonSeverityandProbabilitytotheHazardRiskToolworksheet.将严重性和可能性的平均分输入到风险分析工具表单。IdentifydiscreteActivities,Products

,andServices(APS)识别不同的活动、产品与服务（APS）IdentifyHazardsforeachAPS辨识每个APS的危险DetermineSafetyHazardsandRisksforeachAPS判断每个APS的危险和风险Dete

rmineHazardSignificance判断危险的重要性DevelopObjectivesandTargetsforSignificantRisks对重要风险提出目标指标Keepdataup-to-dateand

periodicallyreview.数据及时进行更新并定期审核StartingPoint起点Segregateplantoperationsintodiscreteoperational/functional

areas将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作/功能区域Establish/RefineControls,asnecessary如果需要，建立/健全控制措施Hazard/RiskAnalysisFlow危险/风险分析流程SetObjectives设立目标dSetImpr

ovementObjectivestoLowerRisk设立改善目标来降低风险dListallofyourSignificantHazards/Risk.(redoryellowratings)列出所有重要的危险/风险。（红色或黄色等级)dEvaluateSignificanthazar

ds(redoryellowratings)todetermineifchangescanbemadetoprocesstoreducetherisksothattheyarenolongerSignificant.评估重要危险（红色或黄色等级），来判断如果是否可以通过工艺过程改变来降

低风险，使其不再成为重要危险。SetObjectives设立目标dUsebestpossible/mostfeasiblecontrol采取尽可能完善和可行的控制措施dGetemployeeparticipationindevelopingoperationalcontrols.让员工

参与提出操作控制措施WhattodowithHazardsthathavebeendeterminedtohaveaSignificantRisk?FocusonRedoryellowratings…

对那些判断有重要风险的危险该采取什么措施？集中精力于那些红色或黄色等级的危险dElimination/Substitution-removingorreducingthehazard消除/替代–移除或者降低危险dEngineering

Controls–workstationdesign,machineguards,safetycontrols,isolationofhazardousareas,monitoringdevices,etc.工程控制－工作站设计、机械防护、安全控制、危险

区域隔离、监测设施等dAdministrativeControls-procedures,assessments,inspection,recordstomonitorandensuresafepracticesandenvironmentsarem

aintained.管理控制－程序、评价、检查、用显示器记录、确保维持安全的操作规范和环境dTrainingControls-initialnewhiresafetyorientation,jobspecif

icsafetytrainingandperiodicrefreshertraining.培训控制－进行新进员工的安全教育、具体作业安全配许和定期强化培训dPersonalProtectiveEquipment个人防护装备HierarchyofO

perationalControls操作控制的层次优先考虑次要考虑CaseStudy--案例讨论IdentifydiscreteActivities,Products,andServices(APS)识别不同的活动、产品与服务

（APS）IdentifyHazardsforeachAPS辨识每个APS的危险DetermineSafetyHazardsandRisksforeachAPS判断每个APS的危险和风险DetermineHazardSignifica

nce判断危险的重要性DevelopObjectivesandTargetsforSignificantRisks对重要风险提出目标指标Keepdataup-to-dateandperiodicallyreview.数据及时进行更新并定期审核

StartingPoint起点Segregateplantoperationsintodiscreteoperational/functionalareas将工厂的操作划分成不同的独立操作/功能区域Establish/RefineControls,asnecessary如果需要，

建立/健全控制措施Hazard/RiskAnalysisFlow危险/风险分析流程MaintainandReview保持和评审dInstallationand/ormodificationofprocessesorequip

ment工艺过程或设备安装或改造dRemovalofprocessesorequipment工艺或设备的移除dHazardsmissedonpreviousassessments以前评估遗漏的危险dWhenEmployeeidentifyconcerns员

工辨识潜在问题的时机dSchedulePeriodicManagementReview(atleastannually)定期管理评审的时间安排（至少一年一次）