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1KeyPoints:1.Usesofsimplepresent;2.Usesofsimplepast;3.Usesofpresentprogressive;4.Usesofpastprogressive.2BriefIntroduction英语动词有两种时（一般现在时，一般过去时），

六种体（现在进行体，过去进行体，现在完成体，过去完成体，现在完成进行体，过去完成进行体），两种态（主动态，被动态），三种式（陈述式，祈使式，虚拟式）3I.UsesofSimplePresent1.表不受时限的客观存

在，包括客观真理、格言事实等2.表现在习惯动作，现在习惯性经常性发生的动作，常与频度副词连用(always,hardlyever=almostnever)我们常10点钟上床睡觉.Weareusuallyinbedby10.43.

表现时状态和现在瞬间动作，只适用于静态动词或表示短暂动作的动态动词动态动词:表运动状态的动词jump,hit,open,close（表短暂动作）静态动词：表相对静止状态的动词如be动词，表感觉的动词feel,表心理状态的动词think(表示的意义具有持续性)54.表将来时间（三种句

型）1）Ihope/Ibet+that分句中,可用一般现在时表将来Ihopehelikesmygift.(willlike)Ibetitrainstomorrow.(willrain)2）see(toit)/makesure/

makecertain+that分句中I’llseethatnobodydisturbsyou(willdisturb).3）if/when引导的条件分句或时间分句中注：1）和2）中的分句可换成将来时，3）不能

65.表过去时间Ihearyouhavegotapart-timejob.=Iheardyougot/hadgotapart-timejob.能用一般现在时表示过去时间的动词:tell,say,hear,learn,gather（了

解，推测，得知）等或称作：历史性现在时(HistoricPresent)7IIUsesofSimplePast1.表过去时间Wehadameetingyesterdayafternoon.一般过去时表示的时间与现在不发生关系，已成为过去/不复存在，比较：Istudi

edinCanadafor7years.(现已不在加拿大)IhavestudiedinCanadafor7years.（可能在加拿大也可能在别地）82.表现在时间和将来时间1）Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.(want,wonder,think,hop

e)表现在时间，相当于Iwonder…,区别在前者表婉转语气。92）表与现在事实相反的主观设想或对将来的主观设想，不能换为一般现在时Wearereallytired.It’stimewehadarest.IfIhadmoney,I’dbuyabighouse.I’drath

eryouwentnow.(wish)10Puttheverbsinbracketsintothesimplepresentorthesimplepast:1.I’llmakesurethateverything_____(be)inorder.2.Ihope(that)I

______________(see)youthere.3.Seethatyou______(be)readyat8o’clock.4.I’mgettingtired---it’stimewe_______(go)home.5.I’dratheryou_______(b

uy)acar.issee/willseearewentbought116.Ifeelasifmyhead______(be)onfire.7.Isn’titabouttimeyou_________(setto)and_____(do

)somework？8.It’shightimewe_____(have)arest.9.Heactsasifhe_______(know)Englishperfectly.10.IwishI______(know)hisn

ame.11.I’dratheryou______(live)closertous.12.I__________(wonder)ifyouwerefreethisevening.wassettodidhadknewknewlivedwondere

d1213.Ihopeyou_______________(sleep)well.14.I_____(say)youarewrong.15.John______(tell)methattherewasacaraccidentlastnight.16.I_____(hear)oldM

rsSmithhaslosthercat.17.I________(want)toaskifIcouldborrowyourladder.18.Theteno’clocknews______(say)it’sgoingtobecoldtomorrow.sleep/willsleepsaytells

hearwantedsays1319.I_________(suggest)youphonemetomorrow.20.Twoandthree____________(make)five.21.Ihopeshe______________(notdislike)theflo

wers.22.IfonlyI_____(have)moremoney,Icouldbuysomenewclothes.23.IbetI_____(get)therebeforeyou.24.Don’tcometomo

rrow.I’dratheryou_______(come)nextweekend.suggestmake/makesdoesn’tdislikehadgetcame1425.A:Ihaven’tgota

tablecloth.B:Supposewe_______(use)asheet?26.A:Daddy,canIwatchTV?B:Supposeyou__________(do)yourhomeworkfirst?27.Ifit_

________(rain),thematchwouldbecancelled.28.I_______(gather)Peter’slookingforajob.29.MrSmith_______(step)intohisoffice,_____(si

t)downand________(begin)tofillintheforms.use(d)do/didrainedgathersteppedsatbegan1530.Atrise,thestage____(be)dark.I

t____(be)two-thirtyinthemorningandahot,midsummer’sdayhasjustbegun.It_____(be)silent…MELEDISON,inpajamas,robeandslipp

ers_____(sit)aloneonthetinysofa,smokingacigarette.He______(rub)hisfaceanxiously,then________(cough)…isisissitsrubscou

ghs16IIIUsesofPresentProgressive1.表正在进行的动作WearelearningEnglishgrammar.2.表现阶段一直在进行的动作(一种暂时性，不是长期性)与频度副词alway

s等连用时表示感情色彩,比较:Youarealwayscomplainingaboutyourwork.(感情色彩)Youalwayscomplainaboutyourwork.(说明事实)173.表按计划近期内即将发生的动作IamleavingChinainafewweeks

.注：用现在进行体表将来，句中要有表将来的时间状语（上下文），否则歧义，例如：Areyoudoinganythingspecialtonight?(表示将来)Areyoudoinganythingspec

ialnow?(表示说话时正在进行的动作)184.其他用法1)表刚刚过去的动作，只适用于口语YouknowIamtellingthetruth.…whatIamtalkingabout.2）表婉转口气Iamhoping/wonderingyouwillhelpme.19Putthever

bsinbracketsintothesimplepresentOrthepresentprogressive:1.Mysister____________(live)athomeforthemoment.2.You_______(live)inNorthLond

on,don’tyou?3.Why___thatgirl________(stand)onthetable?4.ChetfordCastle________(stand)onahilljustoutsidethetown.islivin

gliveisstandingstands205.She______(see)herdoctortwiceaweek.6.Theweather__________(get)betterandbetter.7.We____probably__________(spend)nex

tweekendathome.8.Water______(boil)at212°Fahrenheit.9.Thebottle___________(boil).ShallImaketea?10.George____________(get)upatfiveo’clockeverydayth

isweektoprepareforhisexamination.seesisgettingarespendingboilsisboilingisgetting2111.He____always_____

____(write)withaspecialpen----justbecausehelikestobedifferent.12.What______you_____________(talkabout)?Ican’tmakeheadortailofit.iswritin

garetalkingabout22IV.UsesofPastProgressive1.表过去某时（点/段）正在进行的动作Whatwereyoudoingyesterdayafternoon?Iwasstudyinginthelibrary.2.表过去某种习惯性动

作3.表过去将来时间里的动作Theywereleavingafewdayslater234.表现在时间和将来时间里的动作1）婉转语气只限于hope,want,wonder等词比较委婉程度：Iwonderifyoucanhelpme.Iwonderedifyoucould

helpme.Iamwonderingifyoucanhelpme.Iwaswonderingifyoucouldhelpme.242）主观臆想用在it’stime,Iwish,I’drather,if

条件句中，和一般过去时用法无区别,如：Itistimewewerehavingarest.Itistimewehadarest.255.过去进行体与一般过去时比较过去时过去进行体1)已经完成的动作未完成的动作2)陈述事

实侧重动作的持续性3)较短的动作较长的动作4)随意、无目的动作5)动作的时间顺序26KeyPoints:1.Usesofpresentperfective(progressive)2.Usesofpast

perfective(progressive)27I.Usesofpresentperfective1.have/has+ed分词构成2.两个主要用法：已完成用法；未完成用法Ihaveeatenmydinner.(发生在过去某时的动作到现在已经完成。)Hehaslivedherefor

10years/since1999.(发生在过去某时的动作一直持续到现在有可能继续。)283.区别：已完成用法通常不与段时间连用，未完成用法常与段时间连用。Ihavefinishedmyhomework.已完成用法Ihaveknow

nhimfor8years.未完成用法II.Usesofpresentperfectiveprogressive1.have/hasbeen+ing分词构成2.用法与现在完成体未完成用法相仿，可以互换Hehaslivedher

efor10years.Hehasbeenlivingherefor10years.(强调一种持续性)293.不能互换，比较：Whohaseatenmydinner?（全吃光）Whohasbeeneatingmydinner?（有剩余）Example:我工作

了整整一天。Ihavebeenworkingallday.我学英语学了好些年了。IhavebeenlearningEnglishforquiteafewyears.30我真累了。我一直在打羽毛球，我已经很长时间没打。Iamreallytired.Ihavebeenplayin

gbadminton.Ihaven’tplayedforalongtime.我认识这位作家有些年了，我一直都在读他写的小说。Ihaveknownthiswriterforseveralyears.Ihavebeenreadinghisnovels.31III.Usesofp

astperfective1.had+ed分词构成2.两个主要用法：已完成用法；未完成用法相对的时间是过去：过去的过去，在过去某时之前发生的动作。Ihadeatenmydinnerbeforetheycame.已完成He

toldmethathehadlivedherefor10years.未完成Example:32当我们到达操场的时候，比赛已经开始了。Whenwegotto/reachedtheplayground,thematch/gamehadbegun.我还没来得及向他

解释，他就走了。BeforeIexplainedtohim,hehadleft.IV.Usesofpastperfectiveprogressive1.hadbeen+ing分词构成2.与现在完成进行体用法相仿

，只是时间推移到了过去。Example:33在他大学毕业之前，他一直在努力地学习电脑。Beforehegraduatedfromthecollege,hehadbeenmakingeffortstole

arncomputer.在老师到来之前，我已经在教室呆了五分钟了。Bythetimetheteachercame,Ihadbeenstayingintheclassroomfor5minutes.343.when/before/

after/until引导的分句中过去完成体的用法。表示动作先后，可以互换：Whentheycame,Ihadeatenmydinner.Ihadeatenmydinnerbeforetheycame.AfterIhadeatenmydinner,theyca

me.Theydidn’tcomeuntilIhadeatenmydinner.BythetimetheycameIhadeatenmydinner.35注：1)通常一个动作用一般过去时，一个用过去完成体。2)After/before本身已经体现出动作的先后，所以也可都用

一般过去时Iatemydinnerbeforetheycame.AfterIatemydinner,theycame.两个动作可都用过去完成体，少，如bythetimeBythetimetheyhadcome,Ihadeate

nmydinner.36V.Imaginaryuseofpastperfective1.用于由if,ifonly,asif引导的分句中：Ifonlyyouhadtoldmebefore.2.用于Iwish,I

’drather等结构后面的that-分句中：Iwouldratheryouhadtoldherthetruth.3.用于expect,think,intend,mean(=intend)want,suppose等动词，表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图：Ih

adintendedtomakeacake,butIranoutoftime.37VI.Moreontheuseofperfectiveaspect1.完成体与havegot/havegotto我得到了一本新字典。Ihaveg

otanewdictionary.我有一本新字典。（口语）Ihaveanewdictionary.Ihavegotanewdictionary./Ihavegotnotime.Ihavegottodoit.=Ihavetodoit.2.Itis/wil

lbethefirsttimethatIhavebeenhere.ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadbeenhere.381.____,theplayersbeganthegame.A)HavingtakenourseatsB)Beingtake

ntheseatsC)AfterwehadtakenourseatsD)Takingtheseats2.TheCuriesdiscoveredradiumafterthey____.A)weremarriedB)hadbeenmarriedC)marriedD)havemar

riedCC393.“Let’shurry.ThePresidentiscoming.”“Oh,hasn’thecomeyet?Iwasafraidwe___.”A)alreadymisshimB)hasalreadymissedhimC)hadalready

missedhimD)havealreadymissedhim4.Youwillhardlybelieveit,butthisisthethirdtimetonightsomeone____me.A)telephonedB)hastelephonedC)telephonesD)sh

ouldtelephoneCB405.Youloveyouronlysonandindulgehimsomuchthatyou____himharm.A)aredoingB)havedoneC)willhavedoneD)aredoingtodo6.Thecompa

ny____ariseinsalaryforages,butnothinghashappenedyet.A)ispromisedB)ispromisingC)hasbeenpromisingD)promisedAC417.Ithasbeenabout7yearssincethey_

___.A)gotmarriedB)gotmarryC)getmarriedD)havemarried8.Asayoungmanhedidnotknowthathe____becomefamouslateron.A)wastoB)shouldC)wasgoin

gtoD)wouldAA429.We____thecoldwinterforthepast2years.A)wouldhaveB)hadC)havehadD)havebeenhaving10.She_____whenthatyoungmandivedi

nandsavedher.A)drownedB)wasdrowningC)wasgoingtodrownD)haddrownedDB4311.He____manyoftheexperiencesheever___inhischildhood.A)

graduallyforget……hadB)isgraduallyforgetting……hadC)wasgraduallyforgetting……hadD)havegraduallyforgotten……had12.Youhavebeenwi

thinaninchoflifeand___it.A)haven’tknownB)didn’tknowC)donotknowD)hadn’tknownBB4413.Ouruniversityisnolongerwhatshe____.A)hadbeenB

)hadC)wasD)willbe14.Shegavemethatnotebookonmybirthday,andI____itinmydrawer.A)havesincekeptB)sincekeptC)amsincekeepi

ngD)hadsincekeptCA4515.You____yourbooksabout.A)constantlyleaveB)areconstantlyleavingC)constantlyleftD)haveconstantlyl

eft16.Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospitalhaditbeenallpossible,butI____fullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek.A)wereB)hadbeenC)have

beenD)wasBD4617.She____cleanoutthespaceroomlastweek,butwastoomuchoccupiedatthattime.A)intendedtoB)wasintended

toC)hadintendedtoD)hasintendedto18.WhenIsawhersmilingface,Iknewshe___goodnewsofherhusband.A)hasB)hashadC)hadhadD)washavingCC4719.Hedidnotarriveuntil

themeetingwasnearlyover,forthesimplereasonthathe____asleepwhilewatchingtelevision.A)hadfallenB)hasfallenC)fellD)wasfalli

ng20.Henrywouldratherthathisgirlfriend____inthesamedepartmentashedoes.A)worksB)hadworkedC)workedD)hasbeenwokedCC481.Whenthep

olicemanfoundthebodyofthatyoungman,hehadalreadydiedforabouttwodays.2.Althoughthestudentsaredislikingthematerialtheyarestudyingrightnow,theirinst

ructorhasnoauthoritytochangethesyllabus.____beendead__________dislike493.Sincelastfall,theyoungresearcherwatchedtheflowersshegrewrespondt

othesun.4.Thewomanadmittedtothedoctorthatherlittleboyhadsatinthebackroomandateeverythinghecouldfind._____haswatched___eaten505.WhenIlastsawJa

net,shehurriedtohernextclassontheothersideofthecampusanddidnothavetimetotalk.6.Thechangesthattookplaceinairtravelduringthelastsixtyy

earswouldhaveseemedcompletelyimpossibletoeventhemostbrilliantscientistsattheturnofthe19thcentury.______washurrying_________havetakenplace517.Thec

onveniencethatAmericansdesirereflectingnotsomuchaleisurelylifestyleasabusylife-styleinwhichevenminutesoftimearetoovaluabletobewasted.8.Forhim,

whatisessentialisnotthathispolicyworks,butthatthepublicbelievethatitis.________reflects__does529.IwishIhadknownthatAnnhadbeenill.Iwouldhavegon

etoseeher.10.Nosoonerhadthewordsbeenspokenthanhehadrealizedthatheshouldhaveremainedsilent.______was___

_______realized